OBJECTIVE To explore the antitumor effects of combined tanshinoneⅠ(TanⅠ),metformin (Met) and aspirin (Asp) on malignant melanoma in mice and the possible mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with 0.1 mL B16F10 cells(2.8×109L-1)to establish the subcutaneous trans-plantation tumor model at the right forelimbs axillary.Then,the mice were divided into 8 groups according to body mass,including model group, TanⅠgroup(20 mg·kg-1,ip),Asp group(210 mg·kg-1,orally in drinking water), Met group (70 mg·kg-1, orally in drinking water), Asp+Met group, TanⅠ+Asp group, TanⅠ+Met group and TanⅠ+Asp+Met group,10 mice in each group.Each mouse drank about 7 mL of water every day for a total of 18 d.The mouse body mass was measured every other day and the tumor diameter was calculated every day. The mice were sacrificed after treatment, the tumor mass was measured and the tumor inhibitory rates were counted. The histopathological changes of the liver and spleen were observed with HE staining. The percentage of lymphocytes in the tumor tissue such as CD8+T,CD4+T and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry.Inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The body mass (including tumor mass)of mice in different groups increased during the experiment,but that of TanⅠ+Asp+Met group increased more slower than in model group(P<0.01).At the end of the experiment,no lesions were seen in any liver or spleen tissue by pathological observation,and the number of survivors was 8/10(model group),8/10(TanⅠgroup),7/10(Asp group),7/10(Met group),8/10(TanⅠ+Asp group), 8/10 (TanⅠ+Met group), 7/10 (Asp+Met group) and 5/10 (TanⅠ+Asp+ Met group), respectively. Compared with model group,there were no obvious changes in tumor volume or tumor mass in TanⅠ, Asp and Met groups and other two-two joint groups,but the tumor volume and tumor mass in TanⅠ+Asp+ Met group were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the tumor inhibitory rate in this group was 46.2%.Compared with the model group,the percentage of CD8+T cells increased(P<0.05) in TanⅠ+Asp+Met group,but there were no significant changes in other groups.The contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in tumor tissue of TanⅠ+Met group were much higher than in model group(P<0.01, P<0.05,P<0.05)and the content of IL-6 increased in TanⅠ+Asp+Met group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Combination of TanⅠ,Asp and Met can effectively inhibit the growth of melanoma in mice,which may be related to the increasing percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes and IL-6 in tumor tissue.However there are possibly some side effects.

OBJECTIVETo probe the relevance between depressive symptoms and hippocampal volume and its metabolites detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in depressed patients who were given electro-acupuncture (EA) combined with Fluoxetine before and after treatment.

METHODSA randomized, controlled trial was conducted. A total of 75 cases of mild or moderate depression were randomly assigned to two groups: the EA group which received EA combined with Fluoxetine; the Fluoxetine group which received Fluoxetine only as the control. The 17-item Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAMD) was used to assess the depression level. The relevance between the changes of the hippocampal volume and its metabolites, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline containing compounds (Cho)/Cr, and the reduction rate of the HAMD score before and after treatment of the two groups were analyzed.

RESULTSAt the end of the treatment, the therapeutic response rates were not statistically different between the two groups (73.53% for the Fluoxetine group and 83.33% for the EA group, respectively). Compared to that of the Fluoxetine group, a significant difference was shown in the EA group in the reduction rate of the HAMD scores (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the therapeutic effect and the HAMD scores before treatment in both groups of patients. There was no significant difference in the hippocampal volume before and after treatment. The NAA/Cr ratio of both groups increased after treatment, with the EA group increasing more. There was a negative correlation between the rate of change of the NAA/Cr after treatment and the HAMD scores before treatment in the two groups. In the Fluoxetine group, the Cho/Cr ratio showed no significant difference before and after treatment, which had no relevance with the HAMD scores before treatment either. Meanwhile, in the EA group, the Cho/Cr ratio showed a significant difference before and after treatment, which also had a positive relevance with the HAMD scores before treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant improvement in the hippocampal metabolites in depressed patients who treated by EA combined with Fluoxetine. Those differences showed relevance with the HAMD scores before treatment.

Adult ; Affect ; drug effects ; physiology ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Depression ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Fluoxetine ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; physiology ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the application value of surface electromyography in children with dysphagia. METHODS: A total of 20 children with dysphagia were enrolled as the observation group, and 20 healthy children, matched for sex and age, were enrolled as the control group. Surface electromyography was used to record the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state and the state after water swallowing. The two groups were compared in terms of the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state and the state after swallowing 5 mL water. The observation group was observed in terms of the changes in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups after 1 month of rehabilitation treatment. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of the degree of dysphagia with the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the observation group. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state (P>0.05), while after water swallowing, the observation group had significantly higher electromyography integral values than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had significant improvements in the clinical symptoms of dysphagia after treatment, with significant reductions in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups (P<0.05). The severity of dysphagia was positively correlated with the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Surface electromyography is useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation for dysphagia in children.
Child ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Electromyography ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo obtain information on viral molecular structural and evolutionary characteristics, we conducted the SZ2010422 full-length genomic analysis.

METHODSPrimers were designed by New Orleans full sequence, SZ2010422 full genome was amplified by RT-PCR, the whole genome sequence and the capsid domain amino acid sites was analysised after cloned and sequenced.

RESULTSThe genome of G II-4 Norovirus SZ2010422 strain was consist of 7559 bp, it revealed three ORFs composites of the whole genome, ORF1 (5100 bp), ORF2 (1623 bp), ORF3 (807 bp) respectively, ORF1 and ORF2 had 19 nucleotide overlap. By evolutionary comparative analysis found SZ2010422 genomic nucleotide sequences with reference strains of G II-4 New Orleans1805 strains the highest homology with a total length of homology was 99.3%, of ORF1 (99.5%), ORF2 (99.2%), ORF3 (98.6%). Phylogenetic analyses showed SZ2010422 belonging to G II-4 New Orleans variant. Date of 541 amino acid analyses showed: New Orleans variant strains of popular sites: aa310N or K, --> S aa341D --> of N, aa359T--> S, aa396H --> P, aa460H --> Y.

CONCLUSIONNorovirus SZ2010422 belonged to the G II-4 New Orleans variant. In This study, SZ2010422 full sequence can be used not only as a full-length NoV variant sequence standard for future comparison studies, but also as useful material for the public health field by enabling the diagnosis, vaccine development, and prediction of new emerging variants. Noroviruses; Genes; Sequence analysis

China ; Genome, Viral ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the effect of Toll-like receptor 5(TLR5) on the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Methods The lentiviral vectors expressing TLR5 were constructed and MSCs were infected with related lentiviruses .The overexpression of TLR5 in MSCs was verified by FACS analysis, RT-qPCR and Western blotting before its influence on cell proliferation , surface antigens and cell differentiation was evaluated.The biological function of TLR5 was verified by detecting cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 expression after TLR5 was activated by its agonist CBLB502.Results The results showed that the expression of mRNA and protein of TLR5 was upregulated in MSCs after infection of lentivirus carrying TLR5, but their proliferation , immunophenotypes and differentiation capacity were not influenced . Moreover, IL-6 and IL-8 expression was significantly increased when MSCs-TLR5 were treated with CBLB502 ( P <0.001 ).Conclusion The biological characteristics of MSCs were not affected after infection of lentivirus/TLR5, and the expressed TLR5 was functional in MSCs , which could activate the downstream signaling pathways and then regulate immune response.

Objective:To investigate the clinical biological characteristics of EVI1 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on early chemotherapy.Methods:The clinical and biological characteristics of 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were retrospectively analyzed in 361 AML patients who were diagnosed and treated in our institute from March 2015 to July 2016,and the clinical and biological features,and rates of the induced remission were compared between the intermediate risk and poor risk with EVI1 positive AML,moreover,the influential factors on complete remission (CR) were analyzed.The expression of EVI1/ABL was tested in 32 healthy donors to confirm the abnormal threshold of EVI1 expression.Results:The definition of EVI1 positive was that the quantitative expression of EVI1/ABL was more than 8.0％.The 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were found in 361 newly diagnosed AML patients,in which the female and male patients were 17 and 16 respectively,the median age was 45 (18-67) years,with a median follow-up of 6.6 (0.7-13.2) months.Intermediate karyotype was found in 17 patients (including 9 patients with normal karyotypes,1 patient with + 8);unfavorable karyotype was found in 14 patients [including 7 patients with-7/7q-,4 patients with t (v;11q23),3 patients with inv (3)/t (3;3),and 2 patients without mitotic figures].The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy was 42.4％,and the rate of total CR was 60.6％.According to the NCCN,16 intermediate risk patients and poor risk patients were divided,without favorable risk patients.The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy were 68.8％ and 17.6％ (P =0.005) in the intermediate risk and poor risk respectively,that of total CR were 81.3％ and 41.2％ (P =0.032),and the rates of relapse were 7.7％ and 14.3％.Univariable analysis revealed that unfavorable karyotype could affect the rate of CR in the first reduction chemotherapy and that of total CR (P =0.004,0.029).The poor risk patients had higher mortality (41.2％ vs.6.3％,P =0.039) and lower overall survival (OS) (P =0.012).Conclusion:EVI1 may be not an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients considering the appearance in the intermediate and poor risk patients.It predicts poor outcome in the EVI1 positive AML patients who have unfavorable karyocytes,such as-7/7q-,t (v;11 q23),and inv (3)/t (3;3),and also a low rate of both CR in the first induction chemotherapy and total CR.It also has a low rate of long-term survival and high mortality in the AML patients with EVI1 positive,who may benefit from allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as soon as possible.

Traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs) are the material basis of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in the treatment of disease, and the inherent quality of the TCMMs are of crucial importance for the efficacy and safety of TCM. Most of the TCMMs are originated from the plants with complex chemical compositions, and the chemical diversity is inevitable. How to clarify the relationship between the chemical identity and the biological activity is the key point for quality control of TCMMs in the establishment of the quality standards. The components with great impact on the biological activities should be used as index compounds in the quality evaluation. In this study, based on the results in our previous studies, a research idea on the evaluation of quality difference of TCMMs is proposed. Its application and existing problems are also discussed.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and other inflammatory cells and immune components. Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of asthma. In this study an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model in rats was used to verify the effect of the total sesquiterpenoids of Flos Farfarae (F.F.S) on asthma. The results show that the F.F.S has anti-asthmatic effects. Metabolomic analysis showed that 25 metabolites were changed in asthmatic rats, and 18 of them could be attributed to F.F.S. F.F.S. can block the over-activation of p65 NF-κB, preventing the transmission of pro-inflammatory factor signals to cells. F.F.S. thus could reduce the over-activation of inflammatory cells, inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and further alleviating asthma inflammation. This study lays a foundation for further new drug research. The mechanism of F.F.S. on asthma needs further investigation.

Sulfur-fumigation processing technology is an ancient maintenance method, which plays a certain role in storage and preservation for Chinese herbal medicine. But in recent years, with the further explanation of sulfur-fumigation processing mechanism and more attention to the safety of drugs, such traditional maintenance method of Chinese herbal medicine is now being questioned by more and more people. The authors think we should have selective inheritance rather than abslute discard to this ancient processing technology after reviewing the literatures published in recent 20 years, and some suggestions are also put forward, which can supply some references for related drug supervision departments.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fumigation ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Sulfur ; therapeutic use

Wnt5a belongs to the large WNT family of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins, which is involved in multiple signaling pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation differentiation and so on during development. The regulation and signaling transduction of Wnt5a have been reported to closely relate to inflammatory response, which indicates that Wnt5a plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized data on Wnt5a and its signaling pathway, as well as their involvement in inflammatory response. Further comprehensive understanding of the function and relationship between Wnt5a and inflammatory response would help us to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; Wnt-5a Protein