Objective To observe the protective effects of ethanolic extract of Saussurea.graminea Dunn (EESGD) on mice liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups,such as normal group,control group (dimethyl dicarboxylate biphenyl,0.15 g · kg-1),model group,experimental-H,experimental-M,and experimental-L groups (EESGD:4,2,1 g · kg-1).The liver injury model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.15％ CCl4 peanut oil solution.At the time of 16 hours after modeling,levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were determined by performance rate method.The levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detectioned by Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.The liver samples were collected for the examination of the contents of malondial dehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) in liver homogenate used by colorimetry method.Results ALT in normal group,control group,model group,experimental-H,experimental-M,and experimental-L groups of EESGD were (14.90---3.35),(28.11 ± 12.55),(47.38 ± 20.15),(30.22 ± 16.63),(32.67 ± 11.67),(43.38 ± 25.91) U · L-1;AST were (97.75 ± 11.96),(99.00 ± 9.50),(129.86 ± 17.67),(94.50 ± 11.56),(96.86± 13.06),(112.29 ± 15.30) U·L-1 in above six groups.TNF-α were (382.92 ± 82.01),(626.79 ± 142.09),(914.69 ± 157.98),(425.89 ± 149.40),(756.87 ±76.49),(654.79 ± 131.54) pg · mL-1in above six groups.IL-6 were (18.44±2.23),(24.14 ± 9.01),(58.13 ± 8.68),(34.20 ± 11.65),(34.73 ±13.40),(42.15 ±19.56) pg · mL-1 in above six groups.SOD were (91.62 ±3.92),(85.06 ±7.94),(48.86±2.3),(86.15 ±6.05),(66.04 ±7.83),(54.74 ±7.77) U · mg-1in above six groups.MDA were (0.31 ±0.04),(0.68 ±0.14),(0.83 ±0.08),(0.58 ±0.16),(0.77 ± 0.08),(0.82 ±0.17) nmol · mg-1in above six groups.GSH were (10.36 ± 0.38),(9.70 ± 0.56),(8.00 ± 0.43),(9.92 ± 0.73),(8.74 ± 0.72),(8.78 ± 0.65) mg · g-1 in above six groups.Compared with the model group,experimental-H and experimental-M groups significantly decreased ALT,AST in blood serum(P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).All dose experimental groups evidently depressed TNF-α and IL-6 in blood serum with significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).All dose experimental groups remarkably advanced the activity of SOD and GSH in liver homogenate with significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The experimental-H group significantly decreased the activity of MDA in liver homogenate (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion EESGD have a certain protective effect on mice liver injury induced by CCl4.

Objective To analyze the contact failure of monolithic lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns by experiment and numerical simulation, and explore the influences of adhesives aging in water on load-bearing capacity of the crowns. Methods The specimens of sectioned monolithic lithium disilicate crowns were designed and manufactured, and evenly divided into two groups and stored in the air and in the distilled water for 30 days, respectively. The specimens were then subjected to monotonic contact loads to compare and analyze their load-bearing capacity. The fractured surfaces and adhesive interfaces of the specimens were observed by scanning electronic microscope. Meanwhile, the stress distribution on the crowns was calculated by numerical simulation to analyze the adhesives aging influence on load-bearing capacity of the crowns. Results The fracture loads on crowns stored in the air and in the water were (561.51 ± 65.66) N and (398.09 ± 90.20) N, respectively, indicating a significant difference. The tensile stress increased considerably at lower surface of the ceramic crown due to the reduction of adhesive strength at the interface of ceramic crown and substrate, which could increase the propensity of contact failure. Conclusions The adhesives aging in water reduces the bonding strength, and accordingly changes the tensile stress distributions, which can lower the load bearing capacity of the lithium disilicate crowns. The research finding provides references for the design and manufacturing of all-ceramic CAD/CAM restored crowns in clinic.

Objective:This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of DIP and other medical insurance supply-side policies.Method:City A that has piloted DIP reform was set as the treatment group,and City B without reform was set as the control group.A total of 1 120 public medical institution samples from 2019 to 2022 were collected.The total medical expenses during hospitalization and some structural expenses were analyzed using DID method.Result:DIP had a significant inhibitory effect on the medical expenses,and the expenses of checkups and examinations during hospitalization in city A,but had no impact on the drug and the material expenses during hospitalization.Conclusion:DIP played a significant cost control role and effectively controlled the total medical expenses during hospitalization.The synergistic effects of price adjustment of medical services policy and national centralized drug/material procurement policy on cost control were insufficient.DIP synergized with other supply-side policies to promote rational medical cost structure.It is suggested that medical insurance departments should focus on the synergistic effects of medical insurance supply-side policies to jointly improve the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization.

The application of ArcGIS and Maxent modelto analyze the ecological suitability of Gardenia jasminoides.Taking 85 batches of Gardenia as the basis of analysis, the selection of ecological factors for the growth of Gardenia. The results showed that the average precipitation in April, the average precipitation in November and the average precipitation in August were the most important factors affecting the growth of Gardenia. The relative concentration of Gardenia suitable growth region,north to the south of Shaanxi province, south of Henan, central Anhui, south to the north of Hainan province, west to central Sichuan province, east of Zhejiang coastal area, northeast of Taiwan.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Xiaoyaosan on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nerve injury. Method: The 56 rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group, model group, amitriptyline group (10 mg·kg^-1), fluoxetine group (10 mg·kg^-1), Xiaoyaosan group high and low-dose (30,15 g·kg^-1).The nerve injury model rat were established by LPS injection into lateral ventride, rats were administrated for 14 days by gavage. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expressions of BDNF, nerve growth factor (NGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mRNA in hippocampus and cortex were detected by Real-time PCR.Protoin expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB, p-CREB, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (SYP) in hippocampus and cortex were detected by Western blot. Result: Compared with control group, LPS decreased the level of BDNF and β-NGF in serum(P<0.01),reduced the expression of BDNF, NGF, TrkB,TrkA, CREB mRNA and the expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB, Phospho-CREB (p-CREB), PSD95, SYP in hippocampus and cortex(P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, levels of BDNF and β-NGF in serum in Xiaoyaosan high and low-dose group were increased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01),and expressions of BDNF, NGF, TrkB,TrkA, CREB, PSD95, SYP in hippocampus and cortex were increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Xiaoyaosan has a certain antagonistic effect on LPS inducednerve injury, which suggests that the effect is related to activate BDNF/NGF-TrkB/TrkA-CREB pathway and upregulated the expression of synaptic protein.