Objective Although the correlation between high risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infection and cervical cancer ( CC ) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) is well known , vaginal cancer ( VC ) or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia ( VAIN) also caused by hrHPV has not received enough attention .This article aims to explore the clinical characteristics of VC or VAIN after operations of CC or CIN in order to provide evidence for the treatment of these diseases . Methods The clinical charac-teristics and treatment of 15 cases with VC or VAIN after operations of CC or CIN were reviewed from Jan 2010 to May 2013 in our hos-pital. Results The mean age was (53.6 ±10.82) years, ranged from 39 to 73 years.The duration from the first operation to devel-oped VAIN or VC was (25.07 ±18.31) months, ranged from 1 to 60 months.There are 4 cases developed VC, 4 cases VAINⅢand 2 cases VINⅡfrom 10 CC patients;and 3 cases developed VC , 2 cases VAINⅢfrom 5 CINⅢpatients.hrHPV test were positive in all 15 patients.Treatment in these series were performed including total vaginectomy in 8 patients (3 VC, 4 VAINⅢ and 1 VAINⅡpatients), pelvic lymphonectomy in 1;upper vaginectomy in 2 patients (1 VC, 1 VAINⅢ), radiation or chemo-radiation therapy in 3 (3 VC), interferon muscle injection combined with topical application of estrogen and acyclovir gel in 2 (1 VC, 1 VAINⅡ). Conclusion Careful follow-up after CC or CIN operations are very important because continued hrHPV infection may result VC and VAIN lesions.Vaginectomy may be the best therapy .Interferon muscle injection combined with topical application of estrogen and acyclovir gel are also alternatively therapy , especially for hard to operate patients . Radiation therapy seems to be not very adaptable for VAIN patients .

Objective·To investigate the influence of blocking receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on macrophages infiltration in diabetic wound healing. Methods·Ninety-six male C57BL/6J mice (8-week-old) were divided into diabetic group (n=72) and normal group (n=24) randomly. Diabetic mice were induced by streptozocin multiple intraperitoneal injection. One full-thickness excisional wound (diameter of 9 mm) was created by a sterilized punch. Diabetic mice were divided into 3 groups in which different topical treatments were applied to the wounds. Anti-RAGE antibody were applied in group R, rabbit IgG applied in group I, normal saline applied in group C. Normal mice were applied with saline topically (group N). All treatments were repeated on day 3 and day 7 after wounded. The wound healing conditions were observed. The wound and surrounding tissues from animals in each group were excised on day 1, 3, and 7 after wounded. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to investigate the changes of macrophages infiltration in quantity. Macrophages were also analyzed with respect to morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results·① The wound closure ratio of group R was higher than those of group C and group I on day 14 after being wounded (P=0.000). ② On day 1, the numbers of macrophages in group R and group N were both bigger than those of group C and group I, but smaller on day 14 (P=0.000). ③ The morphological characters of macrophages also existed great differences under TEM. Conclusion·Number and morphology of macrophages are both abnormal in diabetic wound in a RAGE pathway depending manner. Based on macrophages, it suggests that impaired healing of diabetic wound is closely related to RAGE pathway.

V-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ERBB4) has been reported to be somatically mutated in 19% of melanoma cases. To investigate the prevalence of ERBB4 mutations in melanoma patients from southern China, we analyzed 117 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanoma samples archived in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) platform was used to screen for mutations. No ERBB4 hotspot mutations were detected. Our results indicate that ERBB4 mutations may play a limited role in melanomas in China; therefore, targeting the ERBB4 mutation in melanoma patients from southern China may not be a promising strategy.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Mutation ; Paraffin Embedding ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Skin Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Animals ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; complications ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Panax ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Repeated acute intermittent hypoxia promotes the expression of growth factors and neurotrophic factors, as well as the key molecules for neural protection and plasticity. Hypoxic preconditioning may improve the survival rate of transplant-ed stem cells and protect the neural function. Meanwhile, acute intermittent hypoxia can be an approach to improve re-spiratory function after spinal cord injury. Hyperbaric oxygen may improve the neural tolerance to hypoxia and isch-emia, to protect the structure of cells and tissues, and promote the neuranagenesis. It is important to study the role of hy-poxic and hyperoxic preconditioning in spinal cord injury.

With aging of Chinese population,prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)is increasing year by year.At present,drugs for VCI treatment at home and abroad still lack large samples of evidence-based medicine evidence.Compared with western medicine,Chinese medicine has characteristics of multi-component and multi-target.The present article makes a review on research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of VCI,aiming at providing new thinking for VCI treatment.

Objective To analysis the effects on the growth of rats by repeated restraint in dermal exposure test. Methods SD rats in the restraint group was bound for 6 hours per day for 91 days according the way by dermal exposure, while SD rats in the control group didn't receive the treatment. Clinical signs, body weight and food consumption changes were observed for 91 days. When the study was terminated, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalyses, gross necropsy, and histopathology were carried out. Statistical methods such as the generalized estimating equation were used to compare the differences between two groups. Results The statistical results of generalized estimating equation showed that there was an interaction between the group and test time for male and female rats in body weight changes (P<0.05), and the body weight of male rats in the restraint group was lower than the control group (P<0.05) . Further analysis showed that for male rats there was significant difference between groups since the forth week (P<0.05), and the interaction was found between groups and test time (P<0.05) . For female rats, the interaction was found since the eighth week between the group and test time (P <0.05) .There was no significant differences in other parameters between two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion Repeated restraint during dermal exposure affected the body weight gain of rats, and the sensitivity of male rats was higher than that of female rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the clinical implications of p16 deletion in childhood and adult B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

METHODSA total of 129 cases of de novo childhood (73 cases) and adult (56 cases) B-ALL were examined genetically and immunologically using G-banding techniqhe, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOf 73 childhood cases, the prevalences of homozygous deletion, hemizygous deletion and no deletion of p16 were 24.7% (18 cases), 6.8% (5 cases) and 68.5% (50 cases) respectively, and of 56 adult cases, the incidences as of 14.3% (8 cases), 8.9% (5 cases) and 76.8% (43 cases) respectively. The incidence of p16 deletion between the two groups had no significant difference (P = 0.338). In both groups, patients with or without p16 deletion had no significant difference in terms of white blood cells (WBC) count at diagnosis, BM blast percentage, chromosome karyotype, extra-infiltration and CR1 rate. Of note, there were 2 cases, each in childhood and adult, showed no deletion at the time of diagnosis, their p16 deletions occurred at relapse. The deletion of p16 was associated with poor overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) in both childhood and adults. According to the standard of NCI risk stratification, we divided patients of two groups into standard and high risk category respectively, and performed further analysis. The significance of different risk category in children and adults was disparity. The overall survival (OS) rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 45.3% and 79.8% (P = 0.006) in children, and 7.7% and 22.6% (P = 0.002) in adults, respectively. EFS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 33.5% and 58.1% (P = 0.008) in children, and 0 and 10.9% (P < 0.01) in adults, respectively. Of the standard risk category in children, OS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 46.8% and 89.3% (P = 0.015) respectively, and EFS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 as of 40.9% and 82.1% (P = 0.007) respectively. Of the high risk category in children, OS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 41.7% and 67.4% (P = 0.193) respectively, and EFS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 25.0% and 25.6% (P = 0.305) respectively. Of the standard risk category in adults, OS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 20.0% and 46.9% (P = 0.092) respectively, and EFS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 0 and 25.0% (P = 0.062) respectively. Of the high risk category in adults, OS rates of deletion and no deletion of p16 were 0 and 12.4% (P < 0.001) respectively, and EFS rate of deletion and no deletion of p16 was 0 and 4.8%(P < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that deletion of p16 was associated with poor prognosis in both childhood and adult B-ALL, which highlighted an important significance to define the status of p16 in both childhood and adult B-ALL for predicting prognosis and guiding clinical intervention.

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) in Hunan.

METHODSUsing a multi-stage sampling strategy, 9451 households involving 32 720 persons in urban, rural and industrial areas in Hunan, China were studied. Multiform clue investigation and face-to-face interviews were combined to investigate the prevalence of DV.

RESULTSA lifetime prevalence of DV was reported by 1533 households (16.2%). A total of 1098 households (11.6%) reported at least one incident of DV in the previous year. Both lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DV varied significantly by geographic setting (P < 0.01). The lifetime prevalence abuse rates were: spousal 10.2%, child abuse 7.8%, and elder 1.5%. With regard to household structure, the lifetime prevalence of DV was highest among those remarried families (21.0%), followed by married couples with one child and extended families with several generations living together (20.1% and 20.0%, respectively). The highest rate of spousal abuse was found among remarried families (14.7%), while child and elder abuse was most prevalent among extended families (12.4% and 4.1%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggested that although the prevalence of DV in Hunan was modest compared to Western countries, it remained a serious public health problem affecting over 1 in 10 households. Furthermore, the prevalence of various types of DV varied by geographic setting and family structure, suggesting that diverse geographic setting and family constellations carried different risk and protective features.

Aged ; Child ; Child Abuse ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Elder Abuse ; statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; statistics & numerical data ; Only Child ; Prevalence ; Spouse Abuse ; statistics & numerical data

Recent evidence suggests that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the major protein constituent of caveolae, plays a prominent role in neuronal nutritional availability with cellular fate regulation besides in several cellular processes such as cholesterol homeostasis, regulation of signal transduction, integrin signaling and cell growth. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of Cav-1 and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) upon glucose deprivation (GD) in PC12 cells. The results demonstrated firstly that both Cav-1 and GLUT4 were up-regulated by glucose withdrawal in PC12 cells by using Western blot and laser confocal technology. Also, we found that the cell death rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) were also respectively changed followed the GD stress tested by CCK8 and flow cytometry. After knocking down of Cav-1 in the cells by siRNA, the level of [Ca(2+)]i was increased, and MMP was reduced further in GD-treated PC12 cells. Knockdown of Cav-1 or methylated-β-Cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) treatment inhibited the expression of GLUT4 protein upon GD. Additionally, we found that GLUT4 could translocate from cytoplasm to cell membrane upon GD. These findings might suggest a neuroprotective role for Cav-1, through coordination of GLUT4 in GD.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caveolin 1 ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation ; beta-Cyclodextrins