OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of different anesthesia methods on immune surveillance and tumor metastasis in tumor-bearing rats.

METHODSSeventy-two Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups and anesthetized for 1 h with ketamine (group K), propofol (group P), or neuraxial block (group B). All the rats were subjected to laparotomy followed by intravenous injection of MADB106 tumor cells, and 24 h after the injection, the number and activity of circulating CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and D4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets and NK cellèCD161a(+)éwere assessed. Three weeks later, the lung metastases were counted.

RESULTSCompared with those in group B, the numbers of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD161a(+) lymphocytes and the activity of circulating NK cells were significantly reduced, and the lung metastases of MADB106 increased significantly in groups K and P (P<0.05 or 0.01 ). The activity of immune surveillance in group K was significantly lower than that in group P except for CD8(+) cells, and the tumor metastases in group K increased significantly in comparison with those in group P (P<0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNeuraxial block provides protection of the activity of immune surveillance and reduces tumor metastases in tumor-bearing rats compared with general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Epidural ; adverse effects ; Anesthesia, General ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; immunology ; surgery ; Female ; Immunologic Surveillance ; immunology ; Ketamine ; pharmacology ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; secondary ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Nerve Block ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344

Objective To explore the Electrocardiography (ECG) changes of residents in Keshan disease area and the status of growth and decline of Keshan disease in Shaanxi Province. Methods Using stratified randomized sampling method,2 mild,2 moderate and 2 serious disease counties were selected respectively in 2005 and 2006. A total of 6 counties were sampled,2 villages,one with severe disease and one with mild,were selected from each sampled county. A total of 12 villages were selected. The clinical examination and ECG were conducted in 3-year old children of agricultural population of the selected villages. Results ECG of 5692 cases were performed in the selected 12 village in the 6 counties,in which 4917 cases showed normal electrocardiogram,up to 86.38% (4917/5692). Two hundred and fifty-two cases showed roughly normal electrocardiograms,up to 4.43%(252/5692). Five hundred and twenty-three cases had abnormal electrocardiogram,accounting for 9.19% (523/5692). Among them,the abnormal electrocardiogram rates in mild,moderate and serious disease areas were 7.07% (144/2036), 11.41%(167/1646) and 10.54%(212/2010),respectively. Atrioventricular block was the major abnormal electrocardiogram change,followed by arrhythmia,ST-T changes,and low voltage. One hundred and thirty-nine cases were confirmed as latent and chronic Keshan diseases. One hundred and thirty-one cases were latent Keshan, and detection rate was 2.30%(131/5692). Eight cases were chronic Keshan,and the detective rate was 0.14% (8/5692). Complete right bundle branch block [37.06% (63/170) ],ST-T changes [22.35% (38/170) ],multiple premature ventricular beats [12.94% (22/170)] were the major abnormal electrocardiogram change of Keshan patients. Conclusions Atrioventricular block and arrhythmia are the major abnormal electrocardiogram changes. Keshan disease incidences are controlled under a stable condition.

Objective To know the prevalence tendency of Keshan disease(KSD) under control after 10 years in Shaanxi Province, the factors that causes or relative to the disease, to provide scientific reference for disease's prevention and control. Methods Through stratified cluster sampling, based on the severity of KSD in endemic area of Shaanxi Province, 12 villages from 6 counties were randomly selected as investigation points in 2006. The people older than 3 year-old were chosen to do clinical check up and electrocardiogram tracing. Among them, suspicious or abnormal cases were asked to take chest X-ray and cardiac ultrasound. Maize and rice, hair and whole blood were randomly collected to test the selenium content, the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Results The total detection rate of potential or chronic KSD was 2.44%(139/5694), the detection rate of abnormal ECG was 9.19% (523/5692), the detection rate of cardiac enlargement from chest X-ray and cardiac ultrasound were 45.6%(72/158) and 34.5%(59/171) respectively. The average content of selenium in staple foods(wheat and corn) were[(0.045±0.036), (0.035±0.025)mg/kg, respectively]. The level of hair selenium in patients and healthy people were [(0.376±0.091), (0.384±0.077)mg/kg, respectively], with non-significant different (u=0.77, P>0.05). There were significant differences in whole blood selenium of patients, healthy people in KSD areas and healthy people in non-KSD areas[(0.071±0.017), (0.077±0.017), (0.090±0.016)mg/L, respectively; F=4.55, P<0.05), the whole blood selenium in patients lower than in healthy people in KSD areas (P<0.05), in healthy people in KSD areas lower than in non-KSD areas (P<0.05). Conclusions After the KSD condition being controlled, the situation in Shaanxi Province has become stable and exhibited a decreasing tendency. The selenium level of both internal and external environment in the endemic area increased significantly, that is the main factors of controlling disease.

Objective To explore the status of Keshan disease in Shaanxi province to provide a scientific basis for decision-making of prevention and control of Keshan disease. Methods Nineteen infected villages were randomly selected in 19 infected counties in the range of Keshan disease infected area in Shaanxi province in 2008 as the investigation sites. Clinical examination and electrocardiography were performed in the chosen people at every spots, chest X-ray of posteroanterior position film in 2-meter distance was taken in suspicious cardiac patients, and determining the selenium contents was also determined in the collected grain samples of the investigators. Results Of the 10 228 investigated residents in the endemic area, 110 Keshan disease patients were detected, the total detection rate was 1.08% (110/10 228). Among the 110 patients, 92 were potential Keshan disease, which accounted 0.90%(92/10 228); 18 chronic Keshan disease formed a detection rate of 0.18%( 18/10 228); no acute and sub-acute type of Keshan disease had been inspected. Potential Keshan disease patients often showed electrocardiogram abnormality of complete fight bundle branch block [48.57%(51/105)], ST-T change[ 19.05% ( 20/105 ) ], frequent premature ventricular contraction [ 10.48 % ( 11/105 ) ], left ventricular hypertrophy [ 5.71% (6/105) ], block in the anterosuperior division of the left branch[5.71%(6/105)]; Chronic of Keshan patients mostly presented atrial fibrillation [ 24.00% (6/25) ], left ventricular hypertrophy [ 20.00% (5/25) ], complete right bundle branch block [ 20.00% (5/25)]. The increase rate of cardiothoracie ratio was 18.08% (32/177). Food samples of wheat, corn, millet and rice in infected area residents were of selenium content, being (0.096± 0.028), (0.089 ±0.029), (0.087 ± 0.016), (0.047 ± 0.016)mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions Keshan disease in Shaanxi province is steadily declining, potential and chronic Keshan diseases are currently the main clinical types. Selenium content of food in endemic area has reached the level of the non-endemic area.

AIM:To observe the effects of transection of right cervical sympathetic trunk(TCST)on inflam-matory response and expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the rats af-ter acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS: AMI model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in SD rats,then the model rats were randomly divided into MI group and MI +TCST group.MI+TCST model was performed by transection of right cervical sympathetic trunk after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. The rats in MI group and MI+TCST group were divided into 1,3,7,14 and 28 d subgroups,and another sham operation group threading without ligation, with 8 rats in above each group.After modeling for 4 weeks, the cardiac function was measured by echocardiography.All rats were killed to harvest the hearts for mesuring cardiac hypertrophy index.The myo-cardial tissue close to infarction was observed with HE staining.The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-6 at different time points were detected by real-time PCR.The protein ex-pression of HMGB1 and TLR4 at different time points after AMI was determined by Western blot.The effect of transection of right cervical sympathetic trunk on the expressions of HMGB 1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was also analyzed. RESULTS:Compared with the MI group,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular shorterning fraction (LVFS)were significantly higher(P<0.05),left ventricular end-diastole dimension(LVEDd),left ventricular end-sys-tole dimension(LVESd)and cardiac hypertrophy index were significantly lower(P<0.05), and the mRNA levels of HMGB1,TNF-αand IL-6 decreased significantly in MI +TCST group(P<0.05).Western blot results revealed that the protein expression level of HMGB1 increased in the infarct border zone at 3 d,and reached its peak at 7 d,then gradually decreased,and at 28 d after MI in MI group was still significantly higher than that in sham group(P<0.05).The protein expression of TLR4 was consistent with that of HMGB1.Transection of right cervical sympathetic trunk reduced protein ex-pression of HMGB1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Transection of right cervical sympathetic trunk improves ventricular remodeling and maintaining cardiac function.The mechanism may be related to inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the micropermeability on bonding hydrophobic adhesive to dentin with ethanol-wet bonding under simulated pulp pressure.Methods Twenty-four intact human third molars were used in the study.After the enamel of occlusal surfaces was removed,the molars were randomly divided into six groups.Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was used in the control group; in the experimental groups,the dentin surfaces were saturated with ethanol for 20 s ( group 1 ),1 min ( group 2 ),2 min ( group 3 ),3 min ( group 4 ) or with a series of increasing ethanol concentrations before application of hydrophobic adhesive ( group 5 ).All the bonding procedures were done under simulated pulp pressure.After 24 hours,micro-tensile bond strength test were performed on the specimens.Bonding interfaces were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) after the pulp chamber were filled with a water-soluble fluoroprobe rhodamine B for 3 hours.Results Compared with the control group[(38.14 ± 4.97 ) MPa],bond strengths in group 1 [(21.02 ± 7.23 ) MPa]and group 2 [( 29.64 ± 3.81 ) MPa]were statistically lower ( P ＞ 0.05 ),while bond strngth in group 3 [( 38.40 ± 5.03 ) MPa],group 4 [( 37.26 ± 4.68 ) MPa]and group 5[(40.12 ±5.95) MPa]were similar to the control group (P＜0.05).The images taken by LSCM showed that with extension of ethanol-wet time,the deposition of fluorescent dye in hybrid layer and along the dentinal tubules decreased gradually.Especially in group 5,only spare fluorescent dye deposition could be detected in the hybrid layer.Conclusions Dentin saturated with ethanol for more than 2 min before bonding hydrophobic adhesive to dentin could provide favorable bond strength and decreased the micropermeability of bonding interfaces under simulated pulp pressure.

Objective To investigate the effect of sterilization and cost of different packaging materials and packing patterns,with a view to provide evidences for looking for packing materials with low-cost and perfect sterilization effect.Methods Five kinds of packaging materials and eight kinds of packaging methods were used to pack goods which was sent to sterilize after packing.Then examined part of packs on 14,21,30,60,90,150,180 days after sterilizing,respectively.The effect of sterilization,preservation time and cost were compared among the eight groups.Results All of the eight packing methods had reached the sterile effect.Preservation time of medical creps paper,medical nonwoven fabrics,medical three-dimensional paper bag and paper plastic package all of which had sterilized was longer than cotton package.One time packing of doubledeck cotton was compared with monolayer medical crepe paper,one time of packing of medical nonwoven fabrics,medical three-dimensional paper bag and paper plastic package for the cost,respectively.the differences were significant (t=27.9,25.3,22.7,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).Two times of packing of doubledeck cotton was compared with medical crepe paper,two times of packing of medical nonwoven fabrics,medical three-dimensional paper bag and paper plastic package for the cost,respectively,the differences were obvious (t=24.5,28.2,26.4,respectively;P＜0.01).Conclusions Disposable medical crepe paper type,medical non-woven type,three-dimensional medical bag type,paper and plastic packaging has good resistance bacteria sterilization effect,the packaging costs are significantly lower than the cotton packing,it has an absolute advantage as re-sterilization packaging of medical devices.

Objective: Sequencing the nuclear ribosomal RNA small subunit (18S r RNA) gene of Myospalax baileyi　(Cricetidae) to develop an ultimate and defi nitive means for origin identification of genuine Sailonggu. Methods: The total DNA wa s prepared from dried tail tissues. The nuclear 18S rRNA gene region was amplifi ed by PCR using a consensus primer set and its nucleotide sequence was determine d by PCR direct sequencing. The characteristic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences wa s generated usin software program Genetyx-SV/R Version 10.1. Results: The entire 18S rRNA gene region of M. baileyi spanned 1851 bp in length. Althou gh m ultiple alignment of sequence indicates that there are only lower homology (72.0 4%～72.18%)comparing with its two alias Mus musculus (GenBank Accession numb er X 00686)and Rattus norvegicus (M11188)(Muridae), their highly conservative dom ain i s located in 1020～1509 nt. There are many variable sites from upstream of 5'-e nd , which coud provide a novel information for molecular recognition of Sailonggu. Conclusion:DNA sequencing could be a useful and reliable tool in the origin identification of genuine Sailonggu.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E) is involved in the cap-dependent translational regulation of heparanase and study the correlation between heparanase expression and metastatic potential of LS-174T cells.

METHODSThe protein and mRNA levels of inhibited eIF-4E were tested by Western blot and RT-PCR. Heparanase activity was defined as the ability to degrade high molecular weight (40-100 000) radiolabeled ((35)S) heparan sulfate (HS) substrate into low molecular weight (5-15 000) HS fragments. The invasive potential of tumor cells in vitro was observed by Matrigel invasion assay system.

RESULTSThe 20-mer antisense oligonucleotide (asODN) against eIF-4E specifically and significantly inhibited eIF-4E expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. The expression and the activity of heparanase were effectively lowered, which further decreased the invasive potential of LS-174T.

CONCLUSIONeIF-4E, probably being involved in translational regulation of heparanase in colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS-174T, can be a particularly interesting target for heparanase regulation, based on of its critical function.

Adenocarcinoma ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; physiology ; Glucuronidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objective To construct natural immune Fab fragment phage display library and to screen the antibodies against human colorectal cancer. Methods Total RNA in the metastatic lymph nodes from patients with colorectal cancer was extracted routinely, and reverse transcriptase PCR employed to amplify the heavy chain Fd and light chain κ cDNA. The amplification products were inserted in succession into the vector pComb3 to construct human Fab fragment library, which was screened and identified using phage display technique. Results The heavy chain Fd fragment and light chain κ fragment (650 bp in length) were amplified, and the products were inserted into pComb3 vector with a recombination rate of 40%. The constructed phage display Fab library had a capacity of up to 1.48×106, and was enriched approximately 120 times after 3 cycles of panning. Dot immunoblotting found the expression of Fab fragment which could bind to the antigens of human colorectal cancer. Conclusion The phage display library of the antibody Fab fragment from naturally immunized lymph nodes is successfully established, rendering it possible to screen the antibodies against human colorectal cancer.