OBJECTIVETo provide the basis for AIDS intervention, the study on the relationship between AIDS related risk behaviors and the related factors was carried out among prostitutes, injection drug users and long-distance truck drivers.

METHODSQuestionnaire investigation and statistical analysis as chi(2) test, F test, logistic regression were adopted to analysis the relationship between AIDS related risk behaviors and the correlated factors.

RESULTSKnowledge about AIDS seemed to be related to their level of understanding the problem (in commercial sex workers r = 0.307, P = 0.000, in injection drug users F = 93.07, P = 0.000, in truck man F = 30.06, P = 0.000). Condom use when entertaining their clients last time was related to the knowledge of HIV transmission in commercial sex workers and truck drivers (OR = 1.171, 1.145) and knowledge of HIV prevention (OR = 1.081, 1.397), in drug users regarding gender difference (OR = 2.121).

CONCLUSIONThis study addressed that the effective means to reduce the rate of AIDS risk behaviors and to lessen the harm of AIDS are to improve the knowledge of AIDS and the effective methods to prevent AIDS in the high risk population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Automobile Driving ; China ; Health Education ; Humans ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Work ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Tumors continue to be a major challenge in human survival that we have yet to overcome. Despite the variety of treatment options available, we have not yet found an effective method. As more and more research is conducted, attention has been turned to a new field for tumor treatment—the tumor microenvironment (TME). This is a dynamic and complex environment consisting of various matrix cells surrounding cancer cells, including surrounding immune cells, blood vessels, extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, signaling molecules, and some specific cell types. Firstly, endothelial cells play a key role in tumor development and the immune system’s protection of tumor cells. Secondly, immune cells, such as macrophages, Treg cells, Th17 cells, are widely involved in various immune responses and activities in the human body, such as inflammation responses promoting survival carefully orchestrated by the tumor. Even though many studies have extensively researched the TME and found many research schemes, so far, no key effective method has been found to treat tumors by affecting the TME. The TME is a key interaction area between the host immune system and the tumor. Cells within the TME influence each other and interact with cancer cells to affect cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. This is a new direction for cancer treatment. In the complex environment of the TME, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have been proven to play an important role in the TME. PTMs are dynamic, strictly regulated changes to proteins that control their function by regulating their structure, spatial location, and interaction. Among PTMs, a reversible post-translational modification called SUMOylation is a common regulatory mechanism in cellular processes. It is a post-translational modification that targets lysine residues with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in a reversible post-translational modification manner. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis, playing a pivotal role in the TME, such as DNA damage repair, tumor metastasis, and also participates in immune cell differentiation, activation, and inhibition of immune cells. On the other hand, SUMO or sentrin-specific protease (SENP) inhibitors can interfere with the SUMOylation process, thereby affecting many biological processes, including immune response, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis, etc. In summary, this review aims to introduce the dynamic modification of protein SUMOylation on various immune cells and the application of various inhibitors, thereby exploring its role in the TME. This is a challenging but hopeful field, and we look forward to future research that can bring more breakthroughs. In conclusion, the TME is a complex and dynamic environment that plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors. Understanding the intricate interactions within the TME and the role of PTMs, particularly SUMOylation, could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The study of SUMOylation and its effects on various immune cells in the TME is an exciting and promising area of research that could significantly advance our understanding of tumor biology and potentially lead to the development of more effective treatments for cancer. This is a challenging but hopeful field, and we look forward to future research that can bring more breakthroughs.

Patients with organophosphate poisoning usually die from respiratory depression and respiratory failure. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis is relatively low, but the mortality rate is extremely high once it occurs. In this paper, the treatment of a patient with acute phoxim poisoning was analyzed. The patient developed severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome on the 3rd day of treatment, the creatine kinase exceeded the normal value by more than 300 times (up to 103510.65 U/L) , and renal failure occurred. Clinical treatment included active detoxification, blood purification, organ support, and internal environment maintenance. The patient's rhabdomyolysis continued, and the condition worsened. Finally, the family gave up the treatment and the patient died. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome during the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning, and timely blood purification technology may be the key to treatment.
Humans ; Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced* ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Creatine Kinase ; Incidence ; Acute Kidney Injury