BACKGROUND: Edaravone can alleviate brain injury and improve neurological functions and symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of edaravone on the p38Mitogen-activated protein kinases/Caspase-3 (p38MAPK /Caspase-3) pathway after diffuse brain injury (DBI) in rats. METHODS: DBI models were established according to the description of Marmarou's method. A total of 250 rats were divided (random number) into four groups: control group (CG, n=45), model group (MG, n=77), low-dose edaravone group (n=67, dosage 5 mg/kg) and high-dose edaravone group (n=61, dosage 10 mg/kg). After 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury, brain tissues were collected. The changes of neuron morphous in the hippocampal region were observed through Nissl staining. The expression levels of phosphorylated p38MAPK and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively. Learning and memory function were tested with Morris water maze from the 3rd to 7th day after injury. RESULTS: Some neurons had histopathologic changes of necrosis and apoptosis in the model group compared with the control group. The phosphorylated p38MAPK expressions increased at 1, 6, 4, and 48 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed at 72 hours (0.54±0.19 vs. 0.40±0.14, P>0.05). Caspase-3 expressions increased at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference at 1 hour (0.59±0.29 vs. 0.40±0.17, P>0.05). From the 3rd to 6th day during the Morris water maze test, the latency to find the platform was significantly prolonged (P<0.05) and times of rats crossing the platform was decreased on the 7th day (2.28±1.18 vs. 8.20±1.52, P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK expressions decreased at 6, 24 and 48 hours respectively in the low dose edaravone group compared with the model group (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was seen at 1 hour (1.66±0.80 vs. 1.85±0.86, P>0.05). Caspase-3 expression decreased at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours (P<0.05). The latency to find the platform was significantly shortened (P<0.05), and times of rats crossing the platform increased (4.17±1.15 vs. 2.28±1.18, P<0.05). The above mentioned parameters changed more significantly in the high-dose edaravone group than in the low-dose edaravone group. CONCLUSION: Edaravone can alleviate brain tissue damage after DBI, inhibit p38MAP signal activation after early injury, reduce the expression of caspase-3, and promote the recovery of neurological function in the late period.

One kind of new cefazolin sodium hydrate crystal was obtained in the isopropyl alcohol - water system. There are two symmetry independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, both being well ordered in the lattice, and ten independent water positions but generally four to six (mean five) water molecules and one sodium ion present in the unit cell structure. Huge solvent tunnels can be found. Again there are two general regions of water molecules, those in the large solvent tunnels and those in proximity of the sodium ion and the tetrazole moieties of the drug molecule. The physical and chemical characteristics of the new cefazolin sodium hydrate crystal are similar to that of the alpha-form cefazolin sodium crystal, and the new crystal has better chemical stability than amorphous cefazolin sodium powder.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Cefazolin ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Stability ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Sodium ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Water ; chemistry

Objective To search for new clinical intervention method to perimenopausal syndrome women.Methods Choose Kupperman score ≥ 11 points,CES-D depression score ≥ 20 points hospital outpatients,who were perimenopausal syndrome moderate or above,definitely have depression,and were randomly divided into observation group and experimental group of each 30 people.The experimental group was given “exercise prescription" training,the observation group was given routine instruction,and effect was evaluated after 10 weeks.Results Kupperman score in the experimental group lowered from ( 24.80 ± 8.002 )to ( 15.20 ± 7.039) and CES-D depression score decreased from (25.67 ± 6.418) to ( 19.93 ± 4.927,) after intervention.the difference between two groups was significantly statistic( F =23.344,15.063,P ＜0.01 ),but there was no difference in the observation group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After intervention,Kupperman score in the experimental group ( 15.20 ± 7.039 ) was significantly lower than the control group ( 23.13 ± 7.447 ),and CES-D depression score in the experimental group ( 19.93 ± 4.927 ) was significantly lower than the control group (26.70 ±5.920),the difference between two groups was significantly statistic( F =18.560,23.158 ;P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The exercise prescription can effectively reduce the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome and depression symptom.

Objective To explore the effect of improved new mask in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation sputum suction.Methods Among the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type Ⅱ respiratory failure,78 patients were selected and divided randomly into observation group (n =38 ) and control group (n =40).Both groups implemented the noninvasive ventilation and symptomatic treatment.The endotracheal suction tube was left in patients for 96 hours,the end of which passes the junction part of the mask and the face.For the control group,the process of ventilation was interrupted for sputum suction,while for the observation group; the process of ventilation kept on without interruption due to the side hole on the mask for suction.In the interval of sputum suction,the same airway humidification fluid was injected into the suction tube regularly for both groups.Results When the observation group and the control group had accepted the noninvasive ventilation simultaneously for 24 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was not statistically significant(t =0.84,1.07;P ＞ 0.05).While for 48 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was statistically significant [ (61.53 ±9.94) mm Hg versus (56.57 ± 11.19) mm Hg,t =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ; (64.02 ± 10.37 ) mm Hg versus ( 69.55 ± 12.73 ) mm Hg,t =2.10,P ＜ 0.05 ].and for 96 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was also statistically significant [ (69.35 ±9.37) mm Hg versus (60.57 ± 10.64) mm Hg,t =3.87,P ＜ 0.01 ; ( 55.82 ± 10.58 ) mm Hg versus ( 61.55 ±11.73 ) mm Hg,t =3.03,P ＜ 0.01 ].The difference of the time it took for the patients to got conscious in both groups was statistically significant[ (21.21 ±7.24) h versus (25.35 ±9.28) h,t =2.17,P ＜0.05].The difference of the number of cases with the application of invasive ventilation in the end of two groups was statistically significant (x2 =4.78,P ＜ 0.05 ).The difference of the total time with the application of positive ventilation of two groups was statistically.significant [ ( 152.23 ± 25.91 ) h versus ( 169.57 ± 33.49 ) h,t =2.54,P ＜ 0.05 ].Conclusions The mask with a side hole for sputum suction and endotracheal suction tubes can be applied to the patients of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with the Ⅱ respiratory failure.Without the interruption of the noninvasive ventilation,sputum suction has significant reduction in complications,and the patients can have a shorter recovery time,better treatment effect,and smaller rate of invasive ventilation.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan combined with xeloda (CAPIRI regimen) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.

METHODSTotally 38 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin were enrolled. Patients received xeloda 1 000 mg/m2 orally twice daily on day 1 to 14 and intravenous irinotecan 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8 every 3 weeks.

RESULTSThe median age of 38 patients was 58.5 (27-77) years. CAPIRI regimen was used 11.0 (3.0-24.0) months after the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (CAPIRI regimen as second-line chemotherapy in 33 patients, third-line in 4 patients, and fourth-line in 1 patient). A total of 121 cycles of chemotherapy (median 3.0) were administered. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for response. The overall response rate and disease control rate were 5.9% and 61.8%, respectively. The median time to progression and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% CI, 3.4-5.6 months) and 11.0 months (95% CI, 10.2-11.8 months), respectively. All 38 patients were evaluable for safety. The most common adverse events were leukopenia (73.7%), neutropenia (65.8%), nausea and vomiting (60.5%), and diarrhea (28.9%). The occurrence rates of these grade 3-4 events were 10.5%, 13.2%, 10.5%, and 7.9%, respectively. All adverse events were tolerable.

CONCLUSIONCAPIRI regimen is effective and well-tolerated in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Capecitabine ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as bone cement, has been widely used in the orthopedic surgery. It ensures the immediate stability of prosthesis and the minimal micromotion at the cement-bone interface, allowing early weight-bearing after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical performance of Sanders type III fracture of the calcaneus by using PMMA bone cement as a treatment. METHODS: Eight adult cadaveric ankle and calcaneus specimens were selected and served as normal controls after detection of biomechanical properties. Another eight specimens were collected and randomized into experimental group and control group to make a model of Sanders type III fracture in the calcaneus. In the experimental group, PMMA bone cement was injected into the defect area. In the control group, the artificial bone was implanted in the defect area and a steel plate was used to fix the lateral calcaneus. Biomechanical properties of the specimens in the experimental and control group were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Strain and stress of the calcaneus: The stress distribution of the calcaneus in the normal control group was consistent with that in the experimental group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The stress of the calcaneus in the experimental group was similar to that in the control group with no significant difference. (2) Displacement and axial stiffness of the calcaneus: Compared with the normal control group, the calcaneal displacement in the experimental group only decreased slightly, and there was no significant difference between the two groups, and likewise, the calcaneal displacement in the control group increased slightly. In the experimental group, the axial compression strength was (21.98±1.88) MPa and the axial compression stiffness was (1 633±150) N/mm. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the normal control group (P > 0.05). (3) Contact strength of the subtalar joint: Fractures basically recovered with good outcomes after PMMA bone cement injection. To conclude, by using PMMA bone cement in the treatment of calcaneus fractures, the scientific validity and clinical utility can be ensured.

Background Keratoconus is a bilateral,noninflammatory,gradually progressive corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and steepening of the central cornea.It is significant to investigate keratoconusrelated pathogenic gene for elaborating the pathogenesis and establishing early diagnosis standard and taking clinical measurement.Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of visual system homeobox gene (VSX1) polymorphism and the risk of sporadic keratoconus.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Commission of First Hospital of Xi' an.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment.A case-controlled study was conducted.One hundred and one Han nationality patients with sporadic keratoconus were included in this study.These keratoconus patients were clinically diagnosed by slit lamp examination and corneal tomography.Single nucleolide polymorphism (SNP) of VSX1 gene was assayed and classified using the MassARRAY SNP technique.Demography and relevant risk factors were collected from each subject by questionnaire.Eighty healthy volunteers served as controls.Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency and to analyze the association with keratoconus risks.Results SNP of two genes was found in the Chinese Han population (rs743018 (c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T)).There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency and allele frequency of the SNP of two genes in the keratoconus group in comparison with the normal control group (P＞0.05).After adjustment by age and sex,SNP of two genes was not significantly associated with the risk of keratoconus (regression model:rs743018 (C＞T) adjusted:P=0.35,OR=0.72,95％ CI:0.37-1.43 ;rs6138482 (C＞T) adjusted:P =0.48,OR=0.76,95％ CI:0.35-1.64).Conclusions Gene polymorphisms of rs743018(c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T) in the Chinese Han population is not associated with the risk of keratoconus.Due to the racial difference in genotype and allele frequency,the role of the VSX1 gene in the pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains controversial,and further study needs to be developed.

Ten compounds, including seven sesquiterpenes, two phenols and one phenylpropanoid, were isolated from the roots of Illicium majus by means of silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. On analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data , their structures were established as cycloparviflorolide (1), cycloparvifloralone (2), tashironin (3), tashironin A (4), anislactone A(5), anislactone B (6), pseudomajucin (7), syringaldehyde (8), methyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate (9), and (E)-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxycinnamic alchol (10), respectively. Compounds 1-4 and 8-10 were first isolated from this plant. In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 5 and 6 were active against LPS induced NO production in microglia with a inhibition rate of 75.31% and 53.7%, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Illicium ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study genetic feature, clinical and histopathological characteristic of two Chinese kindreds with cherubism (CBM).

METHODSTwo Chinese kindreds with CBM were investigated. The affected individuals of two families were analyzed with medical history, clinical manifestations, classified grading system, radiographic assessment, histopathological findings, and hereditary nature.

RESULTSThere were 2 individuals affected with CBM in family A and 3 patients involving three generations in family B. Two probands were diagnosed aggressive form cherubism and classified as grade IV. In histopathological findings, besides varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells in a stroma of fibroblasts and the eosinophilic cuffing surrounding some vessels, actively proliferating areas with clear mitoschisis and relative dormant areas with loose fibrous tissue and bone were also presented in microscopic fields of the lesion.

CONCLUSIONSCherubism is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance. The diagnosis should be based on the genetic, clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of the disease.

Adult ; Cherubism ; diagnostic imaging ; genetics ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Radiography

The paper is to report the establishment of an HPLC method for determination of the components of bitespiramycin and its products, and to evaluate the components profile of bitespiramycin and its related products. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the nine major components of the reference substance of bitespiramycins. The nine components of bitespiramycins and its products have been quantified by HPLC with gradients elution methods. The content of the component of 4"-O-isovalerylspiramycin III was not less than 35%, the content of the components of 4"-O-isovalerylspiramycin (I + II + III) was not less than 60%, and the contents of the nine components of bitespiramycin were not less than 80%, separately. In addition to the components mentioned above, there also exists some other impurities, however, with lower contents. This gradient elution HPLC method reported by this paper is considered to be suitable for the quality control of bitespiramycin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Quality Control ; Spiramycin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods