Intervention mapping (IM) is a framework for formulating theory-and evidence-based health education projects with participatory approaches from ecological perspectives.The intervention program designed via IM plays a role in reducing the exposure of cancer risk factors,increasing cancer prevention behaviors,and promoting early cancer screening and rehabilitation of cancer patients.This study summarizes the characteristics,implementation steps,and application status of IM in tertiary prevention of cancer,aiming to provide reference for the application of IM in the health education projects for cancer in China.
Humans ; Tertiary Prevention ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; China ; Risk Factors

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, and provide evidence-based references for clinical medication. Retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Guanxinning Tablets for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease from the inception to April 2022 were collected. After literature screening and data extraction, the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane evaluation manual handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used for Meta-analysis. Eighteen RCTs were finally included, involving 2 281 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with conventional western medicine treatment alone, Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine significantly improved angina pectoris efficacy(RR=1.33, 95%CI[1.13, 1.57], P=0.000 8), electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.32, 95%CI[1.02, 1.71], P=0.03), and exercise duration(MD=59.53, 95%CI[39.16, 79.90], P<0.000 01) and reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events(MACE)(RR=0.43, 95%CI[0.30, 0.61], P<0.000 01), high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(MD=-2.75, 95%CI[-3.71,-1.79], P<0.000 01), and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels(MD=-9.34, 95%CI[-11.36,-7.32], P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(RR=0.91, 95%CI[0.68, 1.22], P=0.52). Subgroup analysis showed that Guanxinning Tablets may have better short-term efficacy(less than 6 months) in the treatment of heart-blood stasis syndrome. GRADE grading showed that angina pectoris efficacy, electrocardiogram efficacy, MACE, and ET-1 were in the medium grade, hs-CRP and adverse reactions were in the low grade, and exercise duration was in the extremely low grade. In conclusion, the efficacy of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine is better than conventional western medicine treatment alone, with good safety. Therefore, it is recommended for the short-term treatment of patients with heart-blood stasis syndrome. However, the evidence quality of some results is low, and more rigo-rous RCT is still needed to enhance the reliability of evidence.
Humans ; C-Reactive Protein ; Reproducibility of Results ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Angina Pectoris/drug therapy* ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy* ; Tablets

Sialolithiasis occurs in approximately 0.45% to 1.20% of the general population. The typical clinical symptom manifests as a painful swelling of the affected glands after a meal or upon salivary stimulation, which extremely affects the life quality of the patients. With the development of sialendoscopy and lithotripsy, most sialoliths can be successfully removed with preservation of the gland. However, sialoliths in the deep hilar-parenchymal submandibular ducts and impacted parotid stones located in the proximal ducts continue to pose great challenges. Our research center for salivary gland diseases (in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology) has used sialendoscopy for 17 years and treated >2 000 patients with salivary gland calculi. The success rate was approximately 92% for submandibular gland calculi and 95% for parotid calculi. A variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques have been applied and developed, which add substantial improvements in the treatment of refractory sialolithiasis. Further, the radiographic positioning criteria and treatment strategy are proposed for these intractable stones. Most of the hilar-parenchymal submandibular stones are successfully removed by a transoral approach, including transoral duct slitting and intraductal basket grasping, while a small portion of superficial stones can be removed by a mini-incision in submandibular area. Impacted stones located in the distal third of parotid gland ducts are removed via "peri-ostium incision", which is applied to avoid a cicatricial stenosis from a direct ostium incision. Impacted parotid stones located in the middle and proximal third of the Stensen's duct are removed via a direct mini-incision or a peri-auricular flap. A direct transcutaneous mini-incision is commonly performed under local anesthesia with an imperceptible scar, and is indicated for most of impacted stones located in the middle third, hilum and intraglandular ducts. By contrast, a peri-auricular flap is performed under general anesthesia with relatively larger operational injury of the gland parenchyma, and should be best reserved for deeper intraglandular stones. Laser lithotripsy has been applied in the treatment of sialolithiasis in the past decade, and holmium ∶YAG laser is reported to have the best therapeutic effects. During the past 3 years, our research group has performed laser lithotripsy for a few cases with intractable salivary stones. From our experiences, withdrawal of the endoscopic tip 0.5-1.0 cm away from the extremity of the laser fiber, consistent saline irrigation, and careful monitoring of gland swelling are of vital importance for avoidance of injuries of the ductal wall and the vulnerable endoscope lens during lithotripsy. Larger calculi require multiple treatment procedures. The risk of ductal stenosis can be alleviated by endoscopic dilation. In summary, appropriate use of various endoscopy-assisted lithotomy helps preserve the gland function in most of the patients with refractory sialolithiasis. Further studies are needed in the following aspects: Transcervical removal of intraglandular submandibular stones, intraductal laser lithotripsy of impacted parotid stones and deep submandibular stones, evaluation of long-term postoperative function of the affected gland, et al.
Humans ; Salivary Gland Calculi/surgery* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endoscopy ; Salivary Ducts/surgery* ; Lithotripsy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: The study investigated the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in the treatment of cardiac light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, hematologic response, organ response, long-term survival, and adverse events of 20 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory cardiac AL amyloidosis treated with daratumumab in Peking Union Medical College Hospitalo from January 2017 to March 2021. Results: The overall median age of 20 patients was 62 (range, 45-73) yeas, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Nine patients were newly diagnosed, while 11 patients had relapsed or refractory disease. Based on Mayo 2004 cardiac AL staging system, stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ diseases were present in 20 patients respectively. Four patients died during the first cycle of daratumumab, and the remaining 16 patients completed a median of 3 (range, 1-10) cycles of treatment. Overall hematologic response rates were 80% each at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation, and 45% , 60% , and 60% of the patients achieved at least a very good partial response at 1, 3, and 6 months respectively. The median duration to hematologic response was 13 (range, 6-28) days. At 3, 6, and 12 months, 20% , 30% , and 40% of the patients respectively achieved a cardiac response, and the median days to response was 91 (range, 30-216) days. As of the last follow-up, 9 (45% ) patients died. The 1-month mortality rate of all the patients and stage IIIb patients was 25% and 40% , respectively. The 1-year overall survival rate was 48.4% . Lymphocytopenia was the most common hematological adverse event (above grade 3) . Non-hematological adverse events were mainly infusion-related reactions and infections. Conclusion: Daratumumab could induce deep and rapid hematologic response in newly diagnosed and previously treated cardiac AL amyloidosis patients. However, daratumumab was not effective in preventing the high and early mortality rate in stage Ⅲb patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/drug therapy* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To evaluate the effects of puerarin (PR) on pancreatic islet MIN6 cell injury and apopto- sis induced by palmitic acirl ( PA).Methods MIN6 cells pretreated with 2 h different concentrations of PR were then co-cultured with 120 (xmol • L"1 PA for 24 h to establish the cell injury and apoptosis model.MTT, LDH,MDA and GSH were used to determine the dam¬age of MIN6 cells.AOEB fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of MIN6 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of inflammation- related protein NF-kB , apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax.Results Compared with model group, cell viability and GSH activity of puerarin administration groups increased, LDH and MDA contents decreased.the protein expressions of p-NF-KB and Bax were down-regulated, and the protein expressions of Bcl-2 were up-regulated (P <0.05).Conclusions Puerar- in ean improve the function of pancreatic islet cells by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, and ameliorate pancreatic islet MIN6 cell injury and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid-induced, alleviate MIN6 cell injury in¬duced by inflammatory factors, which may be achieved by down-regulating the expression of p-NF-KB and Bax proteins,and up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 pro¬tein.

Objective To screen the key Mutation Genes in endometrial adenocarcinoma and study the relationship between their expression and immune response and prognosis. Methods The data of 543 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma and 177 cases of normal tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and genotype tissue expression (GTEX) for bioinformatics analysis. 22 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were collected, RT-qPCR was used to verify the gene expression. Results More than 96.38% of the patients had mutations, including missense mutation, single nucleotide mutation and C>T mutation. The top 10 mutations were PTEN, PIK3CA, TTN, ARID1A, TP53, MUC16, PIK3R1, KMT2D, CTCF and CSMD3. In TCGA, the expression of TP53 mutant was significantly higher than that of wild type (P<0.0001). The expression of TP53 in cancer tissue was higher than that in normal tissue, and the expression of TP53 mutant was higher than that of wild type (P<0.05). The overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), disease free survival (DFS) and disease free survival (DSS) of TP53 mutant were lower than those of TP53 wild type (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P=0.001, P<0.0001). A total of 344 differentially expressed genes (195 up-regulated and 149 down regulated) were identified in wild-type and mutant TP53. Compared with the wild type, the mutant was negatively enriched in the ^“immune effector process^”, ^“immune response^”, ^“immune system progress^”, ^“innate immune response^” and ^“immune response regulation^” pathways (P=0.001). The scores of T cell CD8 +, neutrophil, macrophages and meyloid dendritic cells of TP53 mutant were lower than those of wild type. Conclusion TP53 is highly expressed in endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and the expression of mutant is higher than that of wild type. TP53 mutation is positively correlated with poor prognosis and can inhibit immune response.

Human use experience(HUE) is important for the research and development of Chinese medicine. For the sake of more reliable data, the Professional Committee for Clinical Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association drafted the Expert Consensus on Human Use Experience Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It highlights that the research on HUE should have clear purposes, describe the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the clinical indications and prescriptions and the clinical value of prescriptions, especially the advantages or characteristics in clinical orientation and target population, evaluate the dosages and number of medicinals of prescriptions, verify the accordance with the preparation process of new Chinese medicine, analyze feasibility of the process for large-scale production and the rationality of the dosage form, and assess the medicinal material resources. Moreover, such research should have reasonable protocol and the collection of clinical data on HUE must comply with medical ethics and avoid conflicts of interest. The collection method should be selected depending on the characteristics of clinical data. Quality control measures should be formulated to ensure the authenticity, accuracy, completeness, reliability, and traceability of clinical data. The definitions on the clinical data should be uniform and clear, and methods should be adopted to avoid bias. The data can be statistically analyzed after the processing. Through the study of HUE, the clinical orientation, target population, commonly used dosage, course of treatment, preliminary efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine prescriptions will be clarified. On this basis, the data on the HUE should be discussed and conclusions will be drawn. Finally, a standardized report will be formed.
Consensus ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Mesothelioma/diagnosis* ; Mesothelioma, Malignant ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective: To analyze the correlation between loss of smell/taste and the number of real confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide based on Google Trends data, and to explore the guiding role of smell/taste loss for the COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: "Loss of smell" and "loss of taste" related keywords were searched in the Google Trends platform, the data were obtained from Jan. 1 2019 to Jul. 11 2021. The daily and newly confirmed COVID-19 case number were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) since Dec. 30 2019. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. The correlation was finally tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: A total of data from 80 weeks were collected. The retrospective analysis was performed on the new trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases in a total of 186 292 441 cases worldwide. Since the epidemic of COVID-19 was recorded on the WHO website, the relative searches related to loss of smell/taste in the Google Trends platform had been increasing globally. The global relative search volumes of "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" on Google Trends was 10.23±2.58 and 16.33±2.47 before the record of epidemic while 80.25±39.81 and 80.45±40.04 after (t value was 8.67, 14.43, respectively, both P<0.001). In the United States and India, the relative searches for "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" after the record of epidemic were also much higher than before (all P<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the trend of weekly new COVID-19 cases and the Google Trends of "loss of smell" in the global, United States, and India was 0.53, 0.76, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001), the correlation coefficients with Google Trends of "loss of taste" was 0.54, 0.78, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001). The lowest and highest point of loss of smell/taste search curves of Google Trends in different periods appeared 7 to 14 days earlier than that of the weekly newly COVID-19 confirmed cases curves, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant positive correlation between the number of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and the amount of keywords, such as "loss of smell" and "loss of taste", retrieved in Google Trends. The trend of big data based on Google Trends might predict the outbreak trend of COVID-19 in advance.
Ageusia ; Big Data ; COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Internet ; Retrospective Studies ; Smell ; United States

BACKGROUND: Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.