Objective To observe the effects of tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) on thrombosis formation in rabbit carotid arteries after ballon injury. Methods Fouty rabbits with the weight 2.5-3.0 kg were respectively divided into 4 groups, Ad-TFPI, Ad-LacZ, PBS and normal control groups. The normal control group was not given any treatment and other 3 groups were given 0.2 ml Ad-TFPI, Ad-LacZ or PBS reproduced by the Dispatch catheter respectively after the PTCA balloon iniury on the right carotid arteries. Ten days after gene transfer the repeated balloon injury was performed in the 3 groups, and the first balloon injury was performed in the normal control group by the same method. The carotid blood flow was recovered immediately after the injury. Thirty minutes later all the animals were sacrificed. The injured carotid arteries and one part of contralateral normal artery were cut down, scissored along the long axis, flattened and fixed in the 2% glutaral. The platelet aggregation and thrombosis formation on the luminal surfaces was observed under electron microscope. Results The electron microscope results showed that the vascular endothelial cell structure was integrated and lined up in order in the nomal artery which had no any injury. After the balloon injury in the normal control group, the structure of the endothelial cell was disintegrated, and there was some platelet aggregation but no fibrosis formation. A large amount of platelet aggregated but no fibrosis formed in Ad-TFPI group after the repeated balloon injury. A large amount of fibrosis formed and red cells piled up in the Ad-LacZ and PBS group. The positive rate of thrombosis formation among groups had siginificant differences(χ2=14.95, P<0.01). The positive rate in Ad-TFPI group(20%) was lower than that in Ad-LacZ group(80%, χ2=7.20, P<0.01) and PBS group(70%, χ2=5.05, P<0.05), but was higher than that in the normal control group(10%, χ2=0.39, P>0.05). The positive rate in Ad-LacZ group(80%) was higher than in the normal control group(10%, χ2=9.90, P<0.01) and in the PBS group(70%, χ2=0.27, P> 0.05). The positive rate in PBS group(70%) was higher than that in the normal control group(10%, χ2=7.50, P< 0.01). Conclusions The repeated balloon injury method can cause a large amount of fibrosis formation in the rabbit carotid. TFPI gene inhibits thrombosis formation in balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and incidence of Keshan disease (KD) and the selenium concentration of food and hair in residents of Yongjin Village, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, national monitoring site, in 2007. Methods According to the Standard of Keshan Disease Surveillance and the Standard of Diagnosis of Keshan Disease(GB 17021-1997), the residents living in the monitoring site were surveyed by clinical examination and electrocardiography. For individuals whose hearts showed abnormalities, a chest X-ray photograph was taken. The selenium concentrations of the residents' food (flour) and hair were assayed by flowing injection hydride generation atomic fluoremetric method(FI-HG-AFM). Results Nineteen KD patients were found from 282 residents in 2007 KD surveillance. The prevalence of KD, latent KD and chronic KD were 6.7%(19/282), 2.8%(8/282) and 3.9%(11/282), respectively. Five of the 8 latent KD cases were newly found. In addition, there were 5 the suspected KD cases, including 2 suspected chronic KD cases. No acute KD or sub-acute KD patients were found in Yongjin Village at this monitoring site this year. The average selenium concentration of children hair and residents food were (0.3197±0.0586)mg/kg and (0.0210±0.0062)mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions New cases of KD continued to emerge, indicating that etiological factors still exist. Therefore, the emphasis of monitoring KD in furore is founding the consummate report of infectious disease system and training the personnel to increase the reliability of monitoring.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the in vivo gene expression of adenovirus-mediated human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI) and its inhibition effects on intimal proliferation in rabbit carotid arteries after balloon injury.

METHODSRabbits underwent carotid artery balloon injuries were treated with Ad-TFPI (n = 25), Ad-LacZ (n = 25) or PBS (n = 10), respectively. Sham operated rabbits (n = 10) serve as normal controls. The expressions of human TFPI at mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 28th day after operation. Intimal proliferation was detected by angiograms and morphometric analysis.

RESULTSTFPI mRNA and protein expressions were detected at 3 days and peaked at the 10th and 14th day after TFPI gene transfer. The expressions were still detectable on the 28th day. There was no TFPI expression in Ad-LacZ group. The carotid angiogram results indicated that the minimal lumen diameter in TFPI group was significantly larger and the lumina stenosis percentage was significantly lower in TFPI group compared those in Ad-LacZ and PBS groups (all P < 0.05). The morphometric analysis showed that the intimal area, the ratio of the intimal/media area, the lumina stenosis percentage in TFPI group were all significantly reduced compared with those in Ad-LacZ and PBS groups (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe TFPI gene could be effectively transferred by adenovirus vector to injured carotid arteries and transferred Ad-TFPI could significantly attenuate intimal proliferation in balloon injured carotid arteries in rabbits.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; metabolism ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; genetics ; Male ; Rabbits ; Transfection ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.
Excipients ; chemistry ; Gels ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyvinyls ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo measure the diameter of T4 pedicle-rib compomers in normal human spines and discuss the importance of related dates.

METHODST4 computerized tomography (CT) images,including two-dimensional,three-dimensional reconstruction, of 12 random adult patients were harvested. There were 7 males and 5 females with a mean age of 23 years (ranged, 19 to 28 years). The patients were divided into groups by self control,which means the diameter of pedicle compared with that of pedicle-rib unit in the same side of each T4. The facility was GE light speed 16. Measurement of the body specimens from T3 to T5 . The parameter included the width of pedicle-rib unit compared with pedicle,the longitudinal diameter of pedicle-rib unit compared with pedicle, especially for the pedicle-rib overlap.

RESULTSThe relationship of T4 pedicle and rib were not on the same level but overlapping. The width of pedicle-rib unit was significantly larger than that of pedicle (P<0.05). The longitudinal diameters of pedicle-rib unit or pedicle were significantly larger than those of pedicle-rib overlap (P<0.05); while there was no significantly difference between the pedicle-rib unit and pedicle (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe overlapping relationship of T4 pedicle and rib is partly but not whole, which means the longitudinal diameter of T4 pedicle-rib overlap should not be considered as the same of unit or pedicle.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ribs ; anatomy & histology ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

To study the dynamic change law of bioactive constituents from Polygonum multiflorum, and to explore the optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum. Determination of stilhene glucoside, anthraquinones and catechin from P. multiflorum in different harvest times by MEKC-DAD, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensive evaluation for bioactive constituents. There are obvious differences among the contents of active ingredients in various collecting periods samples, the content of stilbene glucoside was the highest in November, the total content of combined anthraquinone was the highest in November and December, the content of catechin was the highest in September. The comprehensive evaluation index obtained with principal component analysis showed that the sample collected in November is significantly higher than those with other samples. The optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum is November.
Electrophoresis ; Fallopia multiflora ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Time Factors

Objective To analyze the surveillance results and grasp the situation of Keshan disease in Wudalianchi city Heilongjiang province.Methods In 2009,Kaifa village was selected as the surveillance point in Wudalianchi city,total resident population were monitored by routine clinical examination and 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG) tracing.Suspected cases with Keshan disease were taken chest X-ray,and Keshan disease was diagnosed based on Keshan Disease Diagnostic Criteria (WS/T 210-2011).Results A total of 795 people were investigated,including 397 males and 398 females.Eighteen people were found to be the patients with Keshan disease,of which 13 cases were latent Keshan patients,5 cases were chronic Keshan patients.The overall detection rate was 2.27％,aged 24 to 83 years old.There was no acute type and subacute type of Keshan disease in the surveillance point.Twenty nine cases of abnormal ECG were detected,the detection rate was 3.65％ (29/795),of which the 18 patients with Keshan disease were all had abnormal ECGs,mainly taken the form of ST-T changes and completely right bundle branch blocked.Six cases of male patients with Keshan disease were detected,the detection rate was 1.52％ (6/397); 12 cases of female patients with Keshan disease were detected,the detection rate was 3.01％ (12/398).Conclusions There is still potential and chronic Keshan disease cases in Wudalianchi city.We must keep on the monitoring on Keshan disease,master the dynamical changes of the disease conditions,and carry out the targeted prevention and control of Keshan disease.

AIM: To explore the safety and efficacy of air tamponade in the closure of large idiopathic macular holes(IMHs).

METHODS: A retrospective study. Nine eyes of eight patients with large IMH were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to may 2018. Mean macular hole(MH)minimum diameter >700 μm and mean MH basal diameter >1 300 μm. All the patients were underwent 25G phacovitrectomy, internal limiting membrane flaptuck, and sterilized air tamponade in the vitreous cavity. With a mean follow up of 12mo, the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and macular hole closure were compared before and after operation.

RESULTS: At the last follow up, all the patients obtained MH closure. The SD-OCT showed that the postoperative MH closure rate was 100%(9/9). Postoperative BCVA improved significantly compared with the preoperative(0.83±0.26 vs 1.27±0.28), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.007). No complications occurred during and after the operation.

CONCLUSION: Sterilized air tamponade might provide a safe and efficient effect on the closure of large IMHs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-related the regulation of Ornithog-alum caudatum extract(OCE)on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)activated macro-phages.METHODS Primary peritoneal macrophage,Raw 264.7,and THP-1 were incubated in 96-well plate for 24 h and treated with OCE of the concentration of 0-400 μg/ml for 4h.The viability of cells was measured by MTT assay.Specific concentrations of OCE were added into the medium of primary peri-toneal macrophage, Raw 264.7, and THP-1, respectively, then following with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cells were harvested and the total cellular protein and nuclear protein were extracted, and the protein content was determined using BCA protein assay Kit.The expressions of TLR4,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),α-inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB-α)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)were assayed by Western blot.The expressions of interleukin-1α(IL-1α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-18(IL-18),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by RT-PCR.RESULTS The results of MTT showed that OCE has no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells between 1.56 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml. Compared with normal group,the expressions of TLR4,iNOS,COX-2,NF-κB and IL-1α,IL-1β,IL-18, TNF-α,the level of nitric oxide(NO)were significantly increased by LPS stimulation,while OCE pretreat-ment reduced these increase induced by LPS. However, OCE pretreatment reversed the reduction of IκB-α after LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION OCE might suppress TLR4 expression and block the inflamma-tion process of NF-κB and iNOS,further decrease the expression of COX-2 and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors.

Although herbal medicines(HMs)are widely used in the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-associated disorders,the key constituents exhibiting anti-obesity activity and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.Recently,we assessed the inhibitory potentials of several HMs against human pancreatic lipase(hPL,a key therapeutic target for human obesity),among which the root-extract of Rhodiola crenulata(ERC)showed the most potent anti-hPL activity.In this study,we adopted an integrated strategy,involving bioactivity-guided fractionation techniques,chemical profiling,and biochemical assays,to identify the key anti-hPL constituents in ERC.Nine ERC fractions(retention time=12.5-35 min),obtained using reverse-phase liquid chromatography,showed strong anti-hPL activity,while the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were subsequently identified using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).Among the identified ERC constituents,1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose(PGG)and catechin gallate(CG)showed the most potent anti-hPL activity,with pIC50 values of 7.59±0.03 and 7.68±0.23,respectively.Further investigations revealed that PGG and CG potently inhibited hPL in a non-competitive manner,with inhibition constant(Ki)values of 0.012 and 0.082 μM,respectively.Collectively,our integrative analyses enabled us to efficiently identify and characterize the key anti-obesity constituents in ERC,as well as to elucidate their anti-hPL mechanisms.These findings provide convincing evidence in support of the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering properties of ERC.