Objective:To explore the effects of Shenqi Compound Recipe on the expression of Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)mRNA in aorta in GK rats.There were five groups:GK group,model group,atorvastatin group,Shenqi Compound Recipe group and normal control group.During the experiment periods,each group was administrated correspondent substance respectively for 35 days.Serum concentrations of C reactive protein(CRP)were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expressions of COX-2 in aorta were detemined by reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR).Results:Compared with model group,concentrations of CRP in serum and the mRNA expression of COX-2 all decreased in atorvastatin group and Shenqi Compound Recipe group(P

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Inflammation ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Shenqi Compound (SQC) on the mRNA expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the aorta of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.

METHODSTotally 67 GK rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the GK group (n =18), the model group (n =16), the atorvastatin group (n =17), and the SQC group (n =16). Another a normal control group was set up (n =18). The diabetic macrovascular disease model was prepared by adding L-NAME (at the daily dose of 0.10 mg/mL) in drinking water for GK rats. GK rats, except those in the normal control group were fed with high fat diet. Atorvastatin (at the daily dose of 1.60 mg/kg) and SQC (at the daily dose of 1.44 g/kg) were respectively administered by gastrogavage, once daily for 35 successive days. The blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method once per week. After 5-week medication, the contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by ELISA. The serum concentrations of angiotensin I (Ang II) were determined by RIA. The mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe blood glucose level was obviously lower in both the atorvastatin group and the SQC group after 4 weeks of medication (P <0.05). Besides, it was significantly lower in the SQC group than in the model group by the end of the 4th week (P <0.05). The concentrations of TG, TC and serum Ang II , and the mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P <0.01). After 5-week medication, the concentrations of TG, TC and serum Ang I , and the mRNA expression of AT1 R in the aorta were significantly lower in the atorvastatin group and the SQC group than in the model group (P <0.01, P <0.05). The mRNA expression of AT1R was significantly higher in the SQC group than in the atorvastatin group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSQC could significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose, TG, TC, down-regulate the mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta, and decrease the expressions of serum Ang II of GK rats with diabetic macrovascular disease. AT1 R might be one of effective targets of SQC in treating diabetic macrovascular diseases.

Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVEHaemophilus (H.) influenzae is a gram-negative bacillus that is a common commensal organism of the human upper respiratory tract and an important cause of human diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, epiglottitis and cellulitis. Strains of H. influenzae are classified according to their capsular polysaccharide. There are six serotypes, designated as a through f. In addition, there are nonencapsulated strains. Although the type of infectious diseases caused by H. influenzae has changed considerably in recent years because of the widespread and routine immunization of children against type b H. influenzae (Hib), Hib remains an important pathogen. Ampicillin is the drug of choice for treating many infections caused by H. influenzae, but its usefulness has been compromised by the increasing prevalence of ampicillin-resistant strains. The continued monitoring of resistant strains by using genotyping methods may provide insights into the epidemiology of transmission. A molecular epidemiological study of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae derived from nasopharyngeal swabs specimens of children less than 5 years of age with respiratory tract infection were investigated in this study.

METHODSA total of 899 isolates were collected from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou during 2000-2003. Susceptibility to ampicillin was determined by using E-test. Ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains were selected according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) 2002 breakpoints. Nested PCR method with primers specific for bexA gene and b capsulate type-specific gene was established. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiplex PCR assay was performed for all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains.

RESULTSSeventy-four ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains were obtained. Two strains were positive by nested PCR, characterized as b genotype. The incidence of Hib in ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains was 2.7%; 38 genotypes were detected by PFGE. Detection of five types strains of clonal dissemination by PFGE accounted for 55.4% in all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains. Among them eighteen H. influenzae strains belonged to one type, accounted for 24.3% in all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains. Thirty one genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR assay for ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. The identity ratio of PFGE and multiplex PCR was 63.5%.

CONCLUSIONIn Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou areas 55.4% of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains had clonal dissemination during the 4 years.

Ampicillin Resistance ; genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Haemophilus Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Haemophilus influenzae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

Objective:To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of medical thoracoscopy in tuberculous pleuritis . Methods:The clinical data of patients with pleural effusion who received medical thoracoscopy from February 2012 to March 2016 was analyzed retrospectively . Results: Totally 136 patients with pleural effusions of unknown etiologies underwent medical thoracoscopy ,there were 46 cases confirmed to have tuberculous pleurisy .The appearances of tuberculous pleurisy under thoracoscopy were mainly different size of nodules on pleura (28 .3% ) ,pleural thickening or fibrous adhesion (56 .5% ) , hyperemia and edema of pleural or military nodules on the surface of pleura (10 .9% ) .ADA values of 46 tuberculous pleurisy patients were as follows :<40 U/L(19 .6% ) ,40‐45 U/L(4 .3% ) ,45‐60 U/L(39 .1% ) ,≥60 U/L(37 .0% ) .There were 45 cases had ADA more than 45 U/L , the pathological diagnosis was as follows :35 cases of tuberculosis , 1 case of adenocarcinoma ,3 cases of acute inflammation and 6 cases of chronic inflammatory .No serious complications were observed . Conclusions:Medical thoracoscopy is easy to operative and a relatively safe procedure ,and it can improve the accuracy in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis and also reduce clinical misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis .

OBJECTIVETo study hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and subtype distribution and its clinical significance in HBV-infected patients.

METHODSWe used type/subtype-specific primers and PCR to detect HBV genotype and subtype of 445 HBV-infected patients from Beijing, Changchun, Hanchuan Shenzhen, Qingyuan and Nanjing, including 7 acute hepatitis (AH), 36 asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), 352 chronic hepatitis (CH), 28 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. Genotyping results were confirmed by PCR product sequencing.

RESULTSAmong 445 HBV-infected patients, the proportions of genotype B, C, and B/C were 32.6% (145/445), 53.7% (239/445), and 13.7% (61/445), respectively. In genotype C, 13 (5.4%) were subtype C1, 135 (56.5%) were subtype C2, and the remaining 91 (38.1%) were neither C1 nor C2. In genotype B, 100 (69.0%) were subtype Ba, 25 (17.2%) subtype Bj, and the other 20 (13.8%) were neither Ba nor Bj. In genotype B/C, 15 (24.6%) were Ba/C2, 8 (13.1%) Bj/C2, 6 (9.8%) Ba/C1, 3 (4.9%) Bj/C1, 11 (18.0%) Ba/neither C1 nor C2, 7 (11.5%) Bj/neither C1 nor C2, and 6 (9.8%) neither Ba nor Bj/neither C1 nor C2, 2 (3.3%) neither Ba nor Bj/C1, 3 (4.9%) neither Ba nor Bj/C2. The HBV genotype and subtype distribution we found exhibited significant differences in the various clinical types of HBV infection tested, and showed that genotype C was predominant among patients with liver cirrhosis (78.6%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (86.4%) while genotype B was predominant in asymptomatic carriers (72.2%). In addition, genotype and subtype distribution showed no significant differences between male and female patients, but genotype and subtype distribution showed significant differences in patients positive or negative with HBeAg.

CONCLUSIONSubtypes Ba and C2 are predominant in patients with hepatitis B from these 6 cities, and genotype C may be associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; virology ; Liver Neoplasms ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo analyze the association between mutation(s) in preS region of HBV and hepatitis B disease progress in Chinese patients with genotype C chronic HBV infection.

METHODSNinety-three patients with chronic genotype C HBV infection, including 24 asymptomatic carriers (ASC), 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 22 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 21 HCC patients were investigated. Levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate transaminase (AST) were measured. HBV preS region was analyzed by PCR direct sequencing.

RESULTSThe prevalence of preS T3098C and T53C mutations of genotype C HBV was significantly higher in LC and HCC patients than ASC and CHB patients. The rate of T3098C mutation in ASC, CHB, LC, and HCC patients were 0.00% (0/24), 3.85% (1/26), 9.09% (2/22), and 30.77% (8/22), respectively (P=0.0015), while the rate of T53C mutation was 12.50% (3/24), 3.85% (1/26), 40.91% (9/22), and 42.31% (11/26), respectively (P=0.0012).

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of genotype C HBV preS T3098C and T53C mutations is associated with hepatitis B infection progression

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; physiology ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Young Adult

Objective:To assess the value of critical care ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the etiology of hyoxemia after cardiac surgery .Methods:Sixty-eight patients with hypoxemia who underwent cardiac surgery from August 2015 to January 2016 in Zhongshan Hospital , Fudan University were included in the study . Then , after the primary clinical assessment ,point-of-care ultrasonography of the heart and lungs was done by ICU doctors with experience in critical care ultrasonography (critical care ultrasonography group) .The final diagnosis results were matched ,and the performance of critical care ultrasonography was compared and analyzed .Results:In the final diagnosis of 68 cases ,there were 6 cases of pneumothorax ,24 cases of pulmonary edema ,12 cases of pulmonary consolidation and 14 cases of pleural effusion . The sensitivity and specificity of routine examination and critical care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax were 50 .0% vs 85 .7% and 98 .4% vs 98 .4% ;pulmonary edema 75 .0% vs 83 .3% and 79 .5% vs 86 .4% ;pulmonary consolidation 50 .0% vs 83 .3% and 91 .1% vs 96 .4% ;pleural effusion 57 .1% vs 100% and 88 .9% vs 100% .Conclusions:This study suggested that critical care ultrasonography has relatively higher sensitivity and specificity for pneumothorax , pulmonary edema ,consolidation and pleural effusion compared with routine clinical examination .The use of critical care ultrasonography appears to be an attractive complementary diagnostic tool to clarify the cause of hypoxemia and seems able to contribute to an early therapeutic decision .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic HBV infection among 11 cities of China.

METHODSA total of 1214 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV infection were collected in 11 cities of China, including Beijing, Qingyuan, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Hanchuan, Nanjing, Changchun, Liaocheng, Jinan, Ningbo and Wenzhou. Genotypes of the 1214 HBV strains were identified by PCR method with type specific primers. Parts of the results were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis of PCR products.

RESULTSAmong the 1214 patients with chronic HBV infection, 0.7% (9/1214)were genotype A, 28.4% (345/1214)genotype B, 58.4% (709/1214) genotype C, and 12.4% (151/1214) genotype B and genotype C mixed infection. No other genotypes were found. Genotype C was predominant in the northern part of China, such as Changchun, Beijing, Shijiazhuang,while genotype B was more commonly seen in south of China. 71.4% (20/28) for patients from Qingyuan and 63.6% (70/110) from Shenzhen were infected with genotype B.

CONCLUSIONHBV genotypes had distinct geographic distribution. Genotype B and C the predominant strains in patients with chronic HBV infection in China. Genotype C was predominantly identified in the northern part of China versus genotype B the south.

China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Geography ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background:The Food and Drug Administration recently announced that the use of morcellation may cause fibroids or pelvic dissemination and metastasis of uterine sarcoma;therefore,the use of morcellation is limited in the USA.A large sample study is necessary to assess the proportion of uterine malignant tumors found in patients with laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods:A national multicenter study was performed in China.From 2002 to 2014,33,723 cases were retrospectively selected.We calculated the prevalence and recorded the clinical characteristics of the patients with malignancy after morcellation application.A total of 62 cases were finally pathologically confirmed as malignant postoperatively.Additionally,the medical records of the 62 patients were analyzed in details.Results:The proportion of postoperative malignancy after morcellation application was 0.18％ (62/33,723) for patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy.Nearly 62.9％ (39/62) of patients had demonstrated blood flow signals in the uterine fibroids before surgery.And,23 (37.1％) patients showed rapid growth at the final preoperative ultrasound.With respect to the pathological types,38 (61.3％) patients had detectable endometrial stromal sarcoma,13 (21.0％) had detectable uterine leiomyosarcoma,only 3 (3.2％) had detectable carcinosarcoma,and 5 (8.1％) patients with leiomyoma had an undetermined malignant potential.Conclusions:The proportion of malignancy is low after using morcellation in patients who undergo laparoscopic myomectomy.Patients with fast-growing uterine fibroids and abnormal ultrasonic tumor blood flow should be considered for malignant potential,and morcellation should be avoided.