Objective To dynamically observe the changes of cytokines of splenocytes in mice immunized with recombinant bifidobacteria bifidum (Bb)- Eg95-EgA31 vaccine of Echinococcus grauulosus (Eg). Methods Balb/c mice were vaccinated by 5× 108 colony forming unit(CFU) orally and 5 × 105 CFU intranasally, respectively.Mice were killed on week 0,2,4,6,8,10, 12,14,16, 18 and 20 after immunization, respectively, and spleens were separated for cell culture with the stimulation of EgAg, concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The splenocyte supernatants were collected to determine the levels of interferonγ(IFN-γ), interleukin(IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-o) and IL-l0 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with MRS as control. Results In the oral immunization group, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 showed a significant increase from week 2 to week 8, week 2 to week 8, week 4 and week 6 to week 10 after vaccination, respectively, and reached the highest level on week 4, week 2, week 4 and week 6 after vaccination, respectively;in EgAg stimulation group, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 were (700.0 ± 115.5), (45.0 ± 5.8), (350.0 ± 57.7), (112.5 ± 14.4)ng/L, respectively, compared with week 0[(35.0 ± 5.8), (12.5 ± 2.9), (190.0 ± 11.6), (25.0 ± 5.8)ng/L, P ＜0.05 or ＜ 0.01] and MRS control group[(37.5 ± 5.0),(13.8 ± 2.5), (195.0 ± 5.8), (27.5 ± 2.9)ng/L, P＜ 0.05or ＜ 0.01]. In the intranasal immunization group, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 showed an obvious increase from week 2 to week 8, week 2 to week 8, week 2 to week 6 and week 6 to week 16 after vaccination,respectively, and reached the highest level on week 2, week 2, week 4 and week 8 after vaccination, respectively;in EgAg stimulation group, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 were (700.0 ± 115.5), (55.0 ± 5.8),(275.0 ± 28.9), (140.0 ± 11.6)ng/L, compared with week 0[(35.0 ± 5.8), (12.5 ± 2.9), (190.0 ± 11.6), (25.0 ±5.8)ng/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01] and MRS control group[(37.5 ± 5.0), (13.8 ± 2.5), (195.0 ± 5.8), (27.5 ± 2.9)ng/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01]. The cytokine levels in the groups with EgAg, ConA or LPS stimulus were significantly higher than those in the corresponding splenocytes suspension groups(P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01) , and the cytokine levels in the groups with ConA or LPS stimulus were obviously higher than those in the corresponding groups with EgAg stimulation(P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). Conclusion The mixed Th1 and Th2 type response can be induced in mice immunized with the recombinant Bb-Eg95-EgA31 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus in the early stage of immunization(2 to 6weeks).

Objective To construct and identify recombinant Bifutobacteria (rBb)-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). Methods The total RNA was extracted from hydatid cyst protoscoleces shattered by ultrasound, Eg95 antigen encoding gene was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) from the template of total RNA using the primer designed according to the DNA sequence of Eg95, the gene was cloned into Escherichia coli-Bifutobacteria(E.coli-Bb) shuttle plasmid pGEX-1λT and transformed into E.coli BL2 (DE3) competent cell to construct recombinant plasmid pGEX-Eg95 using BamH Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ, the recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction endonuclease digestion, then was electroporated into Bb to construct rBb-Eg95 vaccine, the vaccine was identified by PCR. Results Four hundred and seventy-one bp Eg95 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, the products of restriction endonuclease digestion were the same as expected(471 bp Eg95 gene and 4947 bp pGEX-1λT), 471 bp Eg95 gene fragment was amplified by PCR from the template of pGEX-Eg95 extracted from rBb vaccine. Conclusion rBb-Eg95 vaccine of Eg is successfully constructed, which lays the theoretical foundation for exploitation and utilization of this vaccine.

Child ; Child Welfare ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; education

Objective To explore the effect of action observation therapy (AOT) on upper limb function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy,and the better program. Methods From March to November,2017,45 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to control group and AOT group.The control group was further divided into group A(n=11)and group B(n=11), and received conventional rehabilitation treatment and scenic-observation therapy, 20 minutes every time for group A,and 30 minutes every time for group B.AOT group was further divided into group C(n=10)and group D (n=11), and received AOT in addition, 20 minutes every time for group C, and 30 minutes every time for group D,five times each week for twelve weeks for all the groups.Before treatment,eight and twelve weeks af-ter treatment, they were assessed with hand grip strength, Upper Extremities Functions Test (UEFT), and Wee Functional Independence Measure(WeeFIM). Results After treatment,the hand grip strength and the score of UEFT were better in group D than in groups B and C(P<0.05),and were better at twelve weeks than at eight weeks(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the score of WeeFIM among groups after treatment(P>0.05). Conclusion AOT could improve upper limp function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy,and it's more ef-fective after more training.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Depressive Disorder ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Eleutherococcus ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological

0.05).In addition,in different medication intervals and the same total dosage(200 mg),there was no difference in the number of patients who reached ASAS20,ASAS50 anti BASDAI50 in both groups.The changes of other parameters were not observed.Conclusion Two dosages and different medication interval of rhTNFR-Fc have similiar efficacy onset time and maintenee period.Mean- while,at the same total dosage,there is no signifieant difference in therapeutic effect in the two dosage groups. However,50 mg(1/7 d)regimen has better compliance than 25 mg(1/3 d).

Objective To investigate the role of CD4~+CD25~+ Treg cells on the pathogenesis of ankylos- ing spondylitis(AS), and to study the machanism of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?blocker on the treatment of AS by detecting the number of CD4~+D25~+ Treg cells before and after the treatment. Methods The diagno- sis of 10 AS patients was made based on the 1984 modified New York criteria. The patients received subcuta- neou injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein(rhTNFR-Fc)(etaner- cept)50 mg weekly for 8 weeks and 10 heathy subjects were enrolled for control. The mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood in beth patients and controls. The number of CD4~+CD25~+ T cells and CD4~+ CD25~(high)T cells and the expression of CTLA-4. were detected by flow cytometry. Results The proportion of CD4~+CD25~+ T cells(24?19)% in total CD4~+ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood and CD4~+CD25~(high)T/CD4~+ T (6?6)% from AS patients before treated with rhTNFR-Fc was higher than that in healthy volunteers and AS patients after treatment(P

Objective To explore the relationship between the long-term presence of hypoxic tissue and astrocyte activation after cerebral infarction in rats. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in rats to induce permanent brain ischemia (PI group) or transient isehemia for 1.5 h followed by reperfusion (1.5 h IR group). Double immunofluorescence staining with EF5 and gliai fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies was used to observe the hypoxic tissue and status of astrocyte activation, respectively. On days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after the operation, GFAP fluorescence intensity and the presence of hypoxic tissue in the ischemic cortex were observed. Results The hypoxic tissues were present from day 3 to day 14 after the operation in 1.5 h IR group, but disappeared after day 3 in PI group. GFAP fluorescence intensity in the hypoxic tissue was significantly higher than that in the surrounding tissues at all the observation time points (P<0.05). GFAP fluorescence intensity increased progressive in both groups with the lapse of time (P<0.05), reaching the peak level on day 7 followed then by gradual declination. On each of the time points for observation, GFAP fluorescence intensity in 1.5 h IR group was significantly higher than that in PI group (P<0.05). Conclusion Astrocyte activation is especially obvious in the hypoxic brain tissues after cerebral infarction, which is closely associated with the long-term existence of hypoxic tissues.

Compound Wuzhigan capsules is a compound preparation composed of Wuzhigan, Shidagonglao, Gangmei, Shanzhima. A Randomized, double-blind, multi-center, positive parallel control designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Wuzhigan capsules on anemopyretic cold. One hundred and twenty anemopyretic cold patients were given compound Wuzhigan capsules (test group), 2 capsules one time, three times a day, 119 patients were given compound Wuzhigan tablets (control group) ,4 tablets one time, three times a day; three days of treatment The study showed, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 63. 3% and 80% of the test group. For the control group, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 72. 5% and 80. 7%. The difference was not statistically significant. Compound Wuzhigan capsules can reduce the dosage, and get better patient compliance.
Adult ; Capsules ; Common Cold ; complications ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Safety ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants.

METHODSAccording to the requirements of Cochrane systematic review, a thorough literature search was performed among PubMed (1977-2008), Embase (1989-2008), OVID, Cochrane (2008), Chinese Digital Hospital Library (www.chkd.cnki.net) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Disk Database (CBMdisc). Quality assessments of clinical trials were carried out. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with NIPPV and RDS were enrolled, and Revman 4.2 software was used for meta-analysis. The trials were analyzed using relative risk (RR) for dichotomous data, weighted mean difference (WMD) were used for continuous data, both kind of data were expressed by 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). For homogenous data (P> or =0.10), fixed effects model was calculated, for heterogeneity data (P<0.10), random effects model was calculated.

RESULTSFive RCTs involving 284 premature infants diagnosed as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were included. Three studies comparing NIPPV with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in the postextubation period, the extubation failure rate was 8.34% vs 40.79% in NIPPV group and NCPAP group, the NIPPV group had significantly lower extubation failure rates [RR 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10-0.45; P<0.001)]. Two of the above-mentioned three studies analyzed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rates, the incidence of BPD was 39.34% vs 54.39% in NIPPV group and NCPAP group, the NIPPV group had a trend towards lower BPD rates, but this did not reach statistical significance [RR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.49-1.07; P=0.11)]. NIPPV was used as primary mode in two studies, one compared with conventional ventilation (CV), which detected that the NIPPV group had significantly lower BPD rates (10% vs. 33.33%, P=0.04); the other compared with NCPAP, which also showed that NIPPV group had significantly lower BPD rates (2.33% vs. 17.07%, P=0.03).

CONCLUSIONThe primary mode NIPPV was found to be feasible as a method of ventilation in preterm infants with RDS, and was associated with a decreased incidence of BPD. In the postextubation period, NIPPV is more effective in preventing failure of extubation than NCPAP.