Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; etiology ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Epigenetic changes, including abnormal DNA methylation, have been identified to play significant roles in tumor initiation and progression. Recently, mutations of DNMT3A were identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which possibly caused changes in DNA methylation, and indicated a poor prognosis. Sequencing analysis showed that most of the mutations were single nucleotide variations, including a hotspot Arg882. DNMT3A mutations were detected in about 20% AML patients, and closely associated with the age over 60, the M(4), M(5) subtypes and intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Others showed that these alterations also present in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) prior to development of the obvious leukemia, indicating that these mutations might contribute to leukemogenesis. However, its prognostic value of minimal residual disease and role of therapeutic targets are still unclear, focusing on a large cohort of AML patients will solve these issues. In this review, the achievement in studying DNMT3A gene mutation are summarized, and the latest research progress is briefly discussed.
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Mutation

The status of marine bioresources and the marine eco-environment issues were summarized and discussed, and the strategies for the development of Chinese marine bioresources in the future were proposed. The degradation of marine eco-environment and unreasonable exploitation of the resources resulted in acute decline of Chinese marine bioresources. The feasible stratagies for the sustainable use of marine bioresources should be to intensify the basic research on marine bioresources science, to strengthen the protection of the marine environment and conservation of marine living resources, and to exploit and utilize marine bioresources scientifically and reasonably by using high-technology including marine biotechnology.

Objective To observe toxic effect of deoxynivalenol(DON)on articular cartilage and synovium of New Zealand rabbits's knee ioints.Methods Fifteen male rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups:control, high-dosage,and low-dosage group.In high-dosage and low-dosage group,saline solution of DON was injected with a dose of 0.10 and 0.05 ms/kg every 48 h into ear vein of rabbits.Specimen of articular cartilage and synovium were through pathologY methods,and IL-1β,TNF-α,NO levels were assayed in joint liquid,after 20 days. Results Morphological changes were observed, such as synovium inflammative infiltration, chondrocytes deformation and necrosis under light microscope.The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO had statistical significance in comDarison between 3 grouPs(F=19.396,18.195,22.136,P＜0.05).The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO were significantly higher(all P＜0.05),high-dosage[(0.451±0.091),(0.575±0.122)μg/L;(70.27±11.53)μmol/L] and low-dosage group[(0.295±0.107),(0.387±0.131)μg/L;(45.32±12.24)μmol/L]compared with control ((0.1 13±0.049),(0.138±0.087)μg/L;(23.56±9.35)μmoL/L],and high-dosage compared with low-dosage group Conclusions DON results in articular and synovial impairment,which has the symptom similar to osteoarthritis. DON probably causes osteoarthritis.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Depressive Disorder ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Eleutherococcus ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of a single ceftriaxone injection with 10-day oral amoxicillin in the treatment for children's acute otitis media.

METHODSThis study was a prospective, comparative, open randomized, multicenter trial. In the ceftriaxone group, a single dose sodium ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg, total dose < 1 g) was injected. In the amoxicillin group, the oral amoxicillin [40 mg/(kg.d), tid] was used for 10 days. Totally 236 cases aged from 0.5 to 12 years were enrolled and 212 cases completed the study. These patients were followed up twice and clinical signs and symptoms were recorded, otoscopy, peripheral blood WBC count, hearing test (pure tone test) and tympanography were performed.

RESULTSIn the ceftriaxone group, 103/106 cases were cured or improved (97.17%), while in the amoxicillin group 96/106 cases were cured or improved (90.57%) (P < 0.05). Ceftriaxone was significantly better than amoxicillin in the treatment. Totally 4 cases had side effects such as papular skin rash, urticaria around mouth, skin pigmentation, two cases in the ceftriaxone group and other two cases in the amoxicillin group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in side effects.

CONCLUSIONCeftriaxone injection was significantly better than ten-day oral amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media in children. The single dose regimen with ceftriaxone seems to be a good choice for children, particularly for.

Acute Disease ; Administration, Oral ; Amoxicillin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Otitis Media ; drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of thymosin alpha 1 on cellular immune function in the elderly patients with malignant tumor.

METHODSThirty patients with malignant tumor were injected with thymosin alpha 1 subcutaneously at the dose of 1.6 mg q.d. for the first month and q.o.d. for the following month. The number of T cell subgroups and the activity of NK cell in peripheral blood were detected and the quality of life of the patients were evaluated before treatment and at the end of treatment.

RESULTTreatment of thymosin alpha 1 increased the number of CD4 cells and improved the NK activity, and also improved the quality of life of the elderly patients with malignant tumor. There were no side effects found.

CONCLUSIONThymosin alpha 1 can enhance the cellular immune function of the elderly patients with malignant tumor.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; psychology ; Quality of Life ; Thymosin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Total RNA was extracted from infected papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves in Hainan Province, and the full-length sequences of papaya ringspot virus were amplified by RT-PCR and RACE, and its complete genomic sequence was assembled, named Hainan-P isolate. The RNA genome sequence of Hainan-P isolate was 10323 nucleotides (nts)in length,excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. And it was composed of a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3343 amino acids.. The result of homology analysis with twelve GenBank PRSV isolates showed that the polyprotein identity of Hainan-P ranged from 89. 8% to 93.2%, that was higher than the complete nt homology of 82.3% to 89.1%. The P1 amino acid was the least conserved (sharing homology only between 65.4% and 80.1%), whereas HC-Pro, CI and CP were the most conserved. Phylogenetic tree were constructed by the Neighbor-joining method in MEGA 3.1, which showed that PRSV isolates were obviously relevant to geographical origin, and it was impossible to delineate host-specific (P type and W type)evolution.
Carica ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Phylogeny ; Potyvirus ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic significance of various clinicopathologic parameters in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and to study the frequency of c-kit exon 11 mutations in this tumor.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-six cases of gastric or small intestinal GIST were retrieved from the archival files of the Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital. The clinical features, site of occurrence, tumor diameter, mitotic index, coagulative tumor necrosis, and risk grade were studied and analyzed statistically. Tumor DNA was extracted and c-kit exon 11 was amplified. Upon detection by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, the amplified exon 11 was sequenced.

RESULTSFor the 83 cases of gastric GIST studied, the mean age of patients was 55.4 years. Follow-up information was available in 62 cases, with 17 cases having local recurrence or distant metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was 66.5% +/- 17.1%. For the 73 cases of small intestinal GIST studied, the mean age of patients was 50.6 years. Follow-up information was available in 43 cases, with 22 cases having local recurrence or distant metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was 61.8% +/- 18.3%. In general, for gastric GIST, age younger than 50 years (P = 0.046), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.0001), large tumor size (P = 0.0001), high mitotic index (P = 0.0001), presence of coagulative tumor necrosis (P = 0.0001), and high risk grade (P = 0.004) were associated with lower survival rate. COX hazard proportional model revealed that advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001), large tumor size (P = 0.001), high mitotic index (P = 0.002) and high risk grade (P = 0.018) indicated worse prognosi. For small intestinal GIST, advanced clinical stage (P = 0.010) and presence of coagulative tumor necrosis (P = 0.036) were associated with lower survival rate. Advanced clinical stage was an independent prognostic factor. A total of 25 cases harbored c-kit mutations. The frequency of c-kit mutations was 32% and 22.5% for gastric and small intestinal GIST respectively. For gastric GIST, c-kit mutations occurred mainly in patients older than 50 years. In contrast, c-kit mutations in small intestinal GIST occurred in the age group of 40 to 49 years.

CONCLUSIONSFor gastric GIST, advanced clinical stage, tumor diameter, mitotic index and risk grade are the main prognostic indicators. For small intestinal GIST, advanced clinical stage and presence of coagulative tumor necrosis indicate poor prognosis. In general, small intestinal GIST is more frequently associated with metastasis and tumor relapse than gastric GIST. The occurrence of c-kit mutations also correlates with age of patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Disease-Free Survival ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult