Objective To evaluate the efficacy of jaw thrust device in the upper airway obstruction. Methods Thirty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-64 yr with body mass index < 30 kg/m~2 undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were included in this study. The anesthesia face mask was placed and held tightly by 4 straps of JTD and connected to the anesthesia machine. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propefol, fentanyl and atracurium. When muscle relaxation was achieved, tracheal intubation was not performed. The airway obstruction was assessed by airway peak pressure and stridor score (breathing sounds detected by auscultation over the trachea). And then tracheal intubation was performed, and the patients were mechanically ventilated. Results There was no significant difference in airway pressure and stridor scores between JTD and jaw thrust maneuver. Conclusion JTD can effectively lift the jaw and improve the upper airway obstruction.

In this paper,the teaching in medical microbiology experiment to the first group of foreign students in our college is analyzed and summarized,which will give us many experiences for later teachering.

The method of homogeneity evaluation for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) spatial distribution in lyophilized product was investigated for the first time with confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy mapping, using pemetrexed disodium for injection as a model drug. Certain areas of the lyophilized product were scanned to obtain Raman spectra. The classical method ("peak clipping" method) was employed for mapping with characteristic Raman peaks of the API and the excipient. Due to the API being finely dispersed in the excipient in lyophilized products, the classical method cannot discriminate between the two ingredients making the distribution homogeneity difficult to evaluate. The "ratio of characteristic peak intensities" method was then utilized. Using this method, the relative intensity of the characteristic Raman peaks of the API to the excipient was applied for mapping and the relative content of API to excipient was calculated for a homogeneity evaluation of the drug distribution. The validation of this method showed a good linear relationship between the relative intensity and the relative content of API to excipient (r² > 0.99), and the precision and recovery were adequate for homogeneity evaluation of API by Raman spectroscopy mapping. Five products of pemetrexed disodium for injection from different manufacturers were tested through Raman maps applying this method and the histograms of relative Raman intensity were also plotted by frequency to help the homogeneity evaluation of drug distribution. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the drug distribution homogeneity from different products, where a more homogeneous API distribution was found in the brand product. This research provides a reliable method for the homogeneity evaluation of API distribution, which facilitates quality evaluation and process optimization of lyophilized products.

Chloroplast genetic engineering, offers several advantages over nuclear transformation, including high level of gene expression, increased biosafety, remedying some limitations associated with nuclear genetic transformation, such as gene silencing and the stability of transformed genes. It is now regarded as an attractive new transgenic technique and further development of biotechnology in agriculture. In this article we reviewed the characteristics, applications of chloroplast genetic engineering and its promising prospects were discussed.
Biotechnology ; methods ; Chloroplasts ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Transformation, Genetic

Compartment Syndromes ; etiology ; Crush Syndrome ; complications ; Fascia ; Hand Injuries ; complications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

Objective To observe toxic effect of deoxynivalenol(DON)on articular cartilage and synovium of New Zealand rabbits's knee ioints.Methods Fifteen male rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups:control, high-dosage,and low-dosage group.In high-dosage and low-dosage group,saline solution of DON was injected with a dose of 0.10 and 0.05 ms/kg every 48 h into ear vein of rabbits.Specimen of articular cartilage and synovium were through pathologY methods,and IL-1β,TNF-α,NO levels were assayed in joint liquid,after 20 days. Results Morphological changes were observed, such as synovium inflammative infiltration, chondrocytes deformation and necrosis under light microscope.The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO had statistical significance in comDarison between 3 grouPs(F=19.396,18.195,22.136,P＜0.05).The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO were significantly higher(all P＜0.05),high-dosage[(0.451±0.091),(0.575±0.122)μg/L;(70.27±11.53)μmol/L] and low-dosage group[(0.295±0.107),(0.387±0.131)μg/L;(45.32±12.24)μmol/L]compared with control ((0.1 13±0.049),(0.138±0.087)μg/L;(23.56±9.35)μmoL/L],and high-dosage compared with low-dosage group Conclusions DON results in articular and synovial impairment,which has the symptom similar to osteoarthritis. DON probably causes osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of vinorelbine on apoptosis ,telomerase ac-tivity and expression of human telomerase-reverse transcriptase gene ( hTERT ) in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells SKOV3.Methods Ovarian cancer cells SKOV 3 were treated with vinorelbine under different concentrations . The cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8) assay , and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The telomerase activity of SKOV3 cells was determined by TRAP-PAGE-silver staining;The mRNA expression of hTERT was performed by RT-PCR assay .Results Vinorelbine could significantly inhibited the prolifer-ation of SKOV3 cells,induce cell apoptosis (P<0.01),reduce the telomerase activity and expression of hTERT mRNA (P<0.01), in dependent of a concentration-time manner.Conclusions The detection of telomerase activity and the mRNA expression of hTERT might be vital for predicting the prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for refractory heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

METHODSPCI and CRT were performed in 7 ICM patients confirmed by angiography with NYHA class IV, QRS duration >/= 130 ms in 6 of them, III degrees AVB in 1 patient, fast ventricular heart rate Af in 1 patient, ventricular fibrillation history in 2 patient. All of them had their LVEDD >/= 55 mm, and LVEF

RESULTSThe procedures of PCI and CRT were performed successfully in all patients. Five patients received right atrial and biventricular pacing, one patient with Af received biventricular pacing and atrial-ventricular node radiofrequency ablation at the same procedure, and the another one patient received CRTD. One out of seven patients died of re-AMI 4 months after the combination therapy, and the other 6 patients had been alive 5 - 41 (23.2 +/- 13.8) months during the follow-up period. The heart function of the 7 patients had further improved after PCI and CRT combined therapy compared to that of PCI or CRT only. Their NYHA class decreased from IV to II, 6-minute walking distance increased steadily, and mitral regurgitation reduced and QRS duration shortened significantly. The LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased significantly in 2 patients without ventricular aneurysm, and slight improvement or no change were in the other 5 patients.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with refractory heart failure secondary to ICM, the combination of PCI and CRT could obviously improve their heart function, quality of life and prognosis, which also very safe in perforation.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; complications ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo observe expression regularity of SMalpha-actin, SM22alpha, myocardin and SMMHC during early embryonic vascular development, and to initially investigate the differentiation effect of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during that period.

METHODSMurine embryonic stem cell line expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the transcriptional control of the smooth-muscle-specific SM22alpha promoter was used to make embryoid bodies,and to analyze the expression regularity of SMalpha-actin, SM22alpha, myocardin and SMMHC by immunofluorescence stainings, RT-PCR and Western blot. Then AG1296 (PDGF receptor inhibitor) 0 micro-mol/L(control group), 10 micromol/L and 50 micromol/L were used to treat EBs respectively in order to analyze the differences of SMa-actin, SM22alpha, myocardin and SMMHC at gene and protein levels among the three groups.

RESULTSSMalpha-actin, myocardin, SM22alpha and SMMHC expression in EBs were found to begin at day 0 (ESCs), 8, 11, 13 respectively during early embryonic vascular development. There were no clear differences in SMa-actin, SM22alpha, myocardin and SMMHC protein expression and SM22alpha, myocardin and SMMHC mRNA level among the three groups of different concentrations of AG1296.

CONCLUSIONA spontaneous VSMCs differentiation occurs during EBs development, SMalpha-actin is the first to be detected,the following are myocardin, SM22a and SMMHC. PDGF-BB may not be indispensable for the regulation of expression of VSMCs markers during early EBs differentiation.

Actins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Muscle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate the role of MAPK in the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells(HCASMC ) into three-dimensional fibrin gels.

METHODSHCASMC were primarily cultured. HCASMC migration was measured with a phase-contrast microscope in the presence or absence of PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125, the inhibitors of ERK, p38, and JNK, respectively. Phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK were analyzed by Western blotting in the presence or absence of PD98059, SB203580 or SP600125.

RESULTSHCASMC that migrated into the three-dimensional fibrin gel exhibited a characteristic elongated spindle-shaped appearance and formed vessel-like structure. The number of migrated HCASMC increased with incubation time and concentration of fibrinogen in the range between 0.8 g/L and 6.4 g/L. Western blot showed that fibrin induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK time dependently and PD98059, SB203580 and SP600125 could inhibit their activation, respectively. Migration of HCASMC into the fibrin gels was inhibited by SP600125 20 micromol/L and SB203580 10 micromol/L, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of SP600125 20 micromol/L had a more profound effect. PD98059 50 ,mol/L, however, failed to influence migration of HCASMC. Hence, migration of HCASMC into the fibrin gels is JNK- and p38-dependent, but not ERK-dependent.

CONCLUSIONFibrin gel induces HCASMC migration into itself by activation of JNK and p38, but not ERK, which may play an important role in pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and restenosis.

Anthracenes ; pharmacology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Coronary Vessels ; cytology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Fibrin ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism