95%).Strains of PNSP were significantly more common than those PSSP(72.56% vs 22.72%),and strains of Sp resistant to erythromycin were significantly more common than susceptible to erythromycin too(94.42% vs 0.88%).Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of Sp from children with lower respiratory tract infection in Wenzhou area has became a severe problem.Multi-drug resistance of Sp has been observed to chlorodeoxylincomycin,erythromycin,tetracycline and so on.The results will provide some important information for the therapy and the choice of antibiotics of Sp infection.

Background Many studies showed that attenuation of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)in early glaucoma is one of the important signs.How to accurately and quantitatively measure RNFL thickness is very important for the early diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.0bjective This study was to evaluate the clinical value of Optovue RTVue OCT and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Ⅲ(HRT-Ⅲ)confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in glaucomatous eyes. Methods This cross-sectional study included 40 eyes of 26 patients with suspected open-angle glaucoma(SOAG),48 eyes of 29 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 48 eyes of 27 healthy subjects.Optical nerve head(ONH) parameters and peripapillary RNFL thickness were measured in all the subjects with Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲ,meanwhile all the eyes received perimetry with Humphrey 750-I.Glaucoma variables obtained from Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲ were analyzed among the groups.Topographic Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲ parameters,including disc area(DA),cup area(CA),rim area(RA),rim volume(RV),cup volume(CV),cup/disc area ratio(C/DAR)as well as superior,temporal,inferior and nasal average RNFL thickness,were analyzed.The relationship of ONH parameters and RNFL thickness was analyzed using a linear correlation.The correlation between the mean defect(MD)of the visual field and the tomography parameters in glaucomatous eyes was described by bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients.Resuits The ONH parameters and RNFL thickness obtained by HRT-Ⅲ and OCT showed significant difference(P<0.05).ONH parameters such as RA,C/DAR,CA and RV were statistically changed in SOAG and the POAG patients compared with the normal subjects(q=6.47,q=7.67,P<0.05).The superior and inferior RNFL thickness parameters in three groups were positively correlated between HRT-Ⅲand OCT(r=0.362,r=0.441,r=0.395,P<0.05),Topographic Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲ parameters including CV,CA,RA and C/DAR fitted Pearson analysis(all P<0.05).In POAG group。The RA,RV,CV,C/DAR from Optovue RTVue OCT were correlated with MD with the significant coefficient 0.284,0.286,0.340,0.371 respectively(P<0.05),and evidently correlations also were found between RA,RV,C/DAR with MD respectively with the coefficient 0.339,0.859,0.422(P<0.05)by HRT-Ⅲ. Conclusion Both Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲ can difierentiate ONH analysis with a similar outcome in glaucomatous eye.The C/D value.RA,superior and inferior RNFL thickness based on Optovue RTVue OCT and HRT-Ⅲare distinguishing indexes in the diagnosis of early glaucomatous damage.

Objective: To screen for the genes associated with metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by studying the specimens of HNSCC. Methods: Eighty HNSCC specimens, including 17 involving the tongue, 13 involving mouth, 14 involving oropharynx, and 36 involving hypopharynx, were subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis. The thirty-nine patients with distant metastasis during follow-up were taken as experimental group and the 41 without distant metastasis were taken as controls. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on distant metastasis of HNSCC. Results: The results of SNP demonstrated a distinct peak of frequent genomic gain at 11q13. Cox analysis of the array data showed the following results: a relative risk of T allele of rs965l738 as the SNP probe of SHANK2 gene was 3.61(P = 0.003), relative risk of T allele of rs4980690 as the SNP probe of FGF4 gene was 3.63(P = 0.006), relative risk of T allele of rs7929885 as the SNP probe of ANO1 gene was 4.35(P = 0.008), relative risk of T allele of rs687660 as the SNP probe of PPFIA1 gene was 4.24(P=0.011), relative risk of T allele of rs660665l as the SNP probe of ORAOV1 gene was 3.04(P = 0.013), and relative risk of T allele of rs592412 as the SNP probe of CCND1 gene was 4.07(P = 0.013). Conclusion: It is indicated that the following genes at 11q13 can increase the risk of metastasis of HNSCC, including T allele of rs965l738 in SHANK2, T allele of rs4980690 in FGF4, T allele of rs7929885 in ANO1, T allele of rs687660 in PPFIA1, T allele of rs6606651 in ORAOV1, and T allele of rs592412 in CCND1.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Shock, Septic ; etiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; complications ; pathology

0.05).3.IL-8-251A and 781C were lingkaged(D′=0.348?0.019,r2=0.114 P

Objective To explore the high risk factors of brain injury in preterm infants,and to reduce its morbidity and improve the developmental outcome.Methods One hundred and thirty preterm infants,who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)between Aug.2005 and Aug.2007,were scanned by echo in 1,3,4,7,15 days,and 1,3 and 6 months after birth,respectively.Those who had intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)of grade Ⅰor Ⅱ were regarded as mild brain injury,whereas those who had IVH of grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ or periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)were regarded as severe brain injury.Logistic regression was adopted to analyze 17 factors:gestational age,birth weight,hypertension syndrome during pregnancy,premature rupture of membranes,modalities of delivery,fetal distress,asphy-xiate,resuscitation,surfactant,apnea,seizures,hypoxia,hypercarbia,hypocarbia,acidosis,use of oxygen,nasal constant positive airway pressure or mechanical ventilation.Results Among 130 preterm infants,88 cases(66.7%)were detected with brain injury,which included 29 cases(33%)with mild brain injury(5 cases with IVH of grade Ⅰ,24 cases with IVH of grade Ⅱ)and 59 cases(67%)with severe brain injury(53 cases with IVH of grade Ⅲ,1 case with IVH of grade Ⅳ and 5 cases with PVL).Gestational age and birth weight were the fundamental factors of brain injury in premature infants.The smaller the gestational age and the lower the birth weight,the highter the brain injury rate.Resuscitation,hypoxia,the use of auxiliary ventilation were also important high risk factors of brain injury in preterm infants.All these high risk factors could influence the autoregulation of cerebral blood and trigger or aggravate brain injury of preterm infants.Conclusions Smaller gestational age,lower birth weight,resuscitation,hypoxia,the use of auxiliary ventilation were all the high risk factors of brain injury in premature infants,which could influence the parameters of cerebral blood dynamics by influencing cerebral blood autoregulation of preterm infants and lead to the occurrence of brain injury in premature.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning on thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : sham operation group (group S) , I/R group, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Spr), sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo)and combination of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning group (group Spr + po). Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spr received 15 min inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane and 15 min wash-out 30 min before ischemia. Group Spo received 5 min inhalation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , cardiac troponin I (cTnI), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1α) and platelet maximum aggregation rate. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio was calculated. The myocardial tissues were taken for microscopic examination. Mitochondria] injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology (Specific surface, δ and Numerical density on area, NA) .Results Compared with group S, the levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, TXE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly increased, while δ and NA were significantly decreased in group I/R (P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and Flameng score were significantly lower, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, δand NA were significantly higher in Spr and Spo groups than in group I/R ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CKMB, LDH, cTnI and TXB2 , TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly lower and 6-keto-PGF1α level,δ and NA were significantly higher in group Spr + po than in Spr and Spo groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting the release of thromboxane A2 and promoting the release of prostaglandin I2 in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

The early histological myocardial ischemic changes in both experimental rabbitsand forensic caseworks of sudden death were demonstrated by the hematoxylin basicfuchsin-picric acid staining method.After the ligation of the coronary artery,therewere discrete patchy fuchsin-stained fibers which in contrast with the normal fibersof light-brown color.The number of fuchsin-stained fibers increased with the pro-longation of the intervals after ischemia.The results were not affected by the post-mortem autolysis.We consider that this method can be used as a routine test ofearly myocardial ischemia in both clinico-pathology and forensic pathology.