OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.

METHODThe model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTJDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.

CONCLUSIONJiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Evans Blue ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Permeability ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect and profitability of using the quantitative trait loci (QTL)-linked direct marker (DR marker) in gene-assisted selection (GAS).

METHODSThree populations (100, 200, or 300 sows plus 10 boars within each group) with segregating QTL were simulated stochastically. Five economic traits were investigated, including number of born alive (NBA), average daily gain to 100 kg body weight (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), back fat at 100 kg body weight (BF) and intramuscular fat (IMF). Selection was based on the estimated breeding value (EBV) of each trait. The starting frequencies of the QTL's favorable allele were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. The economic return was calculated by gene flow method.

RESULTSThe selection efficiency was higher than 100% when DR markers were used in GAS for 5 traits. The selection efficiency for NBA was the highest, and the lowest was for ADG whose QTL had the lowest variance. The mixed model applied DR markers and obtained higher extra genetic gain and extra economic returns. We also found that the lower the frequency of the favorable allele of the QTL, the higher the extra return obtained.

CONCLUSIONGAS is an effective selection scheme to increase the genetic gain and the economic returns in pig breeding.

Animals ; Breeding ; economics ; methods ; Genetic Markers ; Models, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Selection, Genetic ; Swine

Objective An analysis was conducted to investigate the iodine nutrition level of children aged 8 - 10 in low-coverage area of iodized salt of Yushu Qinghai province for providing a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures. Methods Yushu, Chengduo, Nangqian and Zaduo counties with higher non-iodized salt coverage rate in Yushu Qinghai province were chosen as survey counties in 2009. Three townships were selected in each county, and 2 primary schools were selected in each township and 40 urine samples of children aged 8-10 were collected randomly in each primary school. The content of urinary iodine was analyzed by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometery. Results Median urinary iodine of children aged 8 - 10 in Nangqian and Zaduo was < 100 μg/L. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L in Yushu was over 20%. Median urinary iodine of children aged 10 in Zaduo was 81.5 μg/L, the percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of children aged 9 and 10 was over 20%. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L in children aged 9 and 10 of Yushu was over 20%. Median urinary iodine of girls in Zaduo was 87.1 μg/L, the percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of boys in Zaduo was over 20%. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of girls in Yushu was over 20%. Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of children aged 8 - 10 in Nangqian, Zaduo and Yushu counties were very low due to the impact of non-iodized salt. We propose salt market in the region to strengthen management and improve the coverage and consumption rates of iodized salt to improve the level of iodine nutrition for effective prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.

To study the dynamic change law of bioactive constituents from Polygonum multiflorum, and to explore the optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum. Determination of stilhene glucoside, anthraquinones and catechin from P. multiflorum in different harvest times by MEKC-DAD, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensive evaluation for bioactive constituents. There are obvious differences among the contents of active ingredients in various collecting periods samples, the content of stilbene glucoside was the highest in November, the total content of combined anthraquinone was the highest in November and December, the content of catechin was the highest in September. The comprehensive evaluation index obtained with principal component analysis showed that the sample collected in November is significantly higher than those with other samples. The optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum is November.
Electrophoresis ; Fallopia multiflora ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Time Factors

BACKGROUNDInside out transobturator vaginal tape (TVT-O) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) are predominant surgical treatments for female stress urinary incontinence. This meta-analysis evaluated the complications and cure rates of TVT-O versus TVT.

METHODSA comprehensive literature search was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify randomized controlled clinical trials with no language restriction. Two authors independently assessed papers for eligibility and methodological quality. Estimates were measured by relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. Outcome measures were objective cure, subjective cure and complications. Quality rating for each outcome of the meta-analysis and recommendations were performed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

RESULTSTwenty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, and a pooled estimate of effectiveness and complications was made. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for pooled effects under the fixed effects model were: 0.20 (0.09 - 0.45), for bladder injury, 0.37 (0.16 - 0.86) for hematoma, and 2.35 (1.57 - 3.51) for postoperative pain, suggesting an 80% risk reduction of bladder injury, 63% risk reduction of hematoma, and a 1.35% risk elevation for postoperative pain with TVT-O. There was no significant difference between complications of urinary tract infection 1.14 (0.78 - 1.65), lower urinary tract symptoms 1.60 (0.67 - 3.79), recatheterization 0.93 (0.59 - 1.44), and tape erosion 0.90 (0.48 - 1.67), total objective cure rate 1.06 (0.39 - 2.84) and for the subjective cure rate 0.98 (0.93 - 1.04). The quality rating for each outcome and recommendations was high for objective cure, bladder injury, hematoma, lower urinary tract symptoms, and tape erosion and moderate for subjective cure, pain, and urinary tract infection.

CONCLUSIONSTVT-O is associated with a reduced risk of bladder injury and hematoma and an elevated risk of postoperative pain. Other complications, including tape erosion, urinary tract infection, lower urinary tract symptoms, and recatheterization, are similar to those of TVT.

Female ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Suburethral Slings ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; surgery ; Vagina ; surgery

Objective To analyze the factors of errors in the pulse recognition; To improve the speed of processing massive data; To explore the method of reducing the subjective errors in pulse recognition. Methods BP algorithm based on distributed MapReduce in Hadoop environment was optimized. Optimized BP algorithm was used to self-learn pulse-sequence data to reduce fitting errors. The pulse-counting data collected by TCM electronic pulse diagnosis instrument were used as input layer of neural network. Momentum-learning rate adaptive fast BP algorithm was adopted to train neural network. Results In the training set (75%) of 768 M, a total of 35 890 data were collected, and 29 150 items were correctly predicted in stand-alone mode, with the correct rate of 81.22%. MapRedece parallel improved BP algorithm model correctly predicted 35 841 items, with the correct rate of 99.86%. Conclusion Compared with traditional BP algorithm, BP algorithm based on distributed MapReduce in Hadoop environment has smaller fitting errors, with higher accuracy.

The establishment of high specificity and sensitivity method of small molecule monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay has a great importance in the study of small molecule compounds in Chinese medicine, wherein synthesis of small molecule artificial antigen is a critical step in the preparation of small molecule antibodies. Oxidation method using sodium iodide was used to synthesize immunogenic antigen (FRn-BSA) and coating antigen (FRn-OVA) of forsythin. UV spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography showed that forsythin was successfully conjugated with BSA and OVA. After immuned FRn-BSA, the mice could specifically produce anti-forsythin antibodies with titer up to 1:8 000, and the linear range was from 1 mg x L(-1) to 100 mg x L(-1). In this paper, the artificial antigen of forsythin was successfully synthesized, which can be applied for preparation of monoclonal antibodies and establishment of appropriate immune method.
Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Antigens ; chemistry ; immunology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of parecoxib sodium in patients with posterior spinal surgery.

METHODSEighty patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into parecoxib sodium group and placebo group (n=40). All the patients received a single dose of m ml morphine (1.0 mg/ml) as the background analgesia immediately after the operation. The patients in parecoxib sodium group were given 40 mg parecoxib sodium intravenously, and those in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of saline instead, and at 24 and 48 h after the operation, the same dose was repeated. The visual analog pain score, patient satisfaction and adverse reactions were recorded after the administrations.

RESULTSCompared with the placebo group, the patients in parecoxib sodium group had significantly lowered VAS score at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the operation (P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in the patient satisfaction and adverse reactions between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONPostoperative short-term use of parecoxib sodium can can provide good postoperative analgesic effect in patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; therapeutic use ; Anesthesia, General ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isoxazoles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; Spinal Diseases ; surgery

In recent years, for improving the ability of early detection on infectious disease outbreak, many researchers study the disease outbreak detection algorithms, based on many disease surveillance data, expecting to detect the abnormal increasing and cluster of disease and symptom at an early stage by adopting appropriate algorithm. This paper introduces a cumulative sum control chart method, one of statistical process control algorithms widely used in foreign countries and describes its basic principle and characteristic, key points of design, typical examples in application of disease outbreak detection of cumulative sum method, with expect to provide reference for its application in studies of disease outbreak early warning in China.

Objective To compare the performance of aberration detection algorithm for infectious disease outbreaks, based on two different types of baseline data. Methods Cases and outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) reported by six provinces of China in 2009 were used as the source of data. Two types of baseline data on algorithms of C1 ,C2 and C3 were tested, by distinguishing the baseline data of weekdays and weekends. Time to detection (TTD) and false alarm rate (FAR) were adopted as two evaluation indices to compare the performance of 3 algorithms based on these two types of baseline data. Results A total of 405 460 cases of HFMD were reported by 6 provinces in 2009. On average,each county reported 1.78 cases per day during the weekdays and 1.29 cases per day during weekends, with significant difference (P<0.01) between them. When using the baseline data without distinguish weekdays and weekends, the optimal thresholds for C1, C2 and C3 was 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 respectively while the TTD of C1,C2 and C3 was all 1 day and the FARs were 5.33% ,4.88% and 4.50% respectively. On the contrast, when using the baseline data to distinguish the weekdays and weekends, the optimal thresholds for C1, C2 and C3 became 0.4,0.6 and 1.0 while the TTD of Cl,C2 and C3 also appeared equally as 1 day.However, the FARs became 4.81%,4.75% and 4.16% respectively, which were lower than the baseline data from the first type. Conclusion The number of HFMD cases reported in weekdays and weekends were significantly different, suggesting that when using the baseline data to distinguish weekdays and weekends, the FAR of C1, C2 and C3 algorithm could effectively reduce so as to improve the accuracy of outbreak detection.