Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Water

OBJECTIVETo determine the molecular mechanisms involved in atrial fibrosis which occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to investigate their effects on the initiation and maintenance of AF.

METHODSThe right atrial tissue samples were taken from 73 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent heart valve replacement surgery. 34 patients had no history of AF (sinus rhythm group), 9 patients had paroxysmal AF and 30 patients had persistent AF. The mRNA content of collagen type I, collagen type III, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to beta-actin or GAPDH.

RESULTSCompared to sinus rhythm group, the mRNA of collagen type I and MMP-2 increased significantly in the persistent AF group (all, P < 0.01), followed by the paroxysmal AF group (all, P < 0.05). The mRNA of collagen type III was slightly higher in both AF groups than in the sinus rhythm group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mRNA of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 was down-regulated in the persistent AF group (all, P < 0.01, respectively), however, the trends of reduction did not reach statistical significance in the paroxysmal AF group (P > 0.05). The mRNA of TIMP-4 remained compatible in each group. The mRNA of collagen type I was significantly correlated with left atrial dimension (r = 0.336, P = 0.004) and AF duration (r = 0.339, P = 0.003). The mRNA of MMP-2 was significantly correlated with the mRNA of TIMP-2 (r = -0.326, P = 0.006), the mRNA of collagen type I (r = 0.322, P = 0.006), left atrial dimension (r = 0.300, P = 0.011) and AF duration (r = 0.300, P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONThe increased level of collagen type I associated with selective downregulation of TIMP-2 and upregulation of MMP-2 gene expression in atrium could be one of the molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis during atrial fibrillation, which correlates with the initiation and maintenance of AF.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Atrial Fibrillation ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore type 2 diabetes prevalence and its risk factors among migrants and nonmigrants aged 35 years and older in Three Gorge Dam area in Yichang City of Hubei province, China.

METHODSA sample of 9865 rural residents (including 1949 Three Gorge Dam migrants and 7916 nonmigrants) aged 35 years old and over was selected from September to December in 2007 by the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling in Yiling district, Yichang City of Hubei province. The study subjects were assessed by interview, examination, and blood samples. Information on demographics, migrant information, lifestyle, history of diabetes and hypertension was obtained by a questionnaire interview. An overnight fasting blood specimen was collected to measure serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out for those whose fasting glucose was equal to or exceeded 6.1 mmol/L. The standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes was calculated based on national census in the year of 2000. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential risk factors of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTSThe crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes among nonmigrants was 3.93% (310/7885) (male: 3.90% (129/3304), female: 3.95% (181/4581)), and that of migrants was 6.55% (127/1939) (male: 6.85% (52/759), female: 6.36% (75/1180)). The crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes among migrants was higher than that of nonmigrants (χ² = 25.10, P < 0.01 (male: χ² = 12.59, P < 0.01; female: χ² = 12.78, P < 0.01)). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among nonmigrants was 3.87% in males and 4.15% in females. The standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes among migrants was 6.92% in males and 6.33% in females. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (taking 35 - 44 years old as reference, 45 - 54 years old: OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.07 - 1.95; 55 - 64 years old: OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.84; 65 years old and over: OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.25 - 2.75), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.70 - 4.72), overweight or obesity (overweight: OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.05 - 1.78; obesity: OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.47 - 3.01), central obesity (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.39 - 2.44), abnormal triglyceride (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.21 - 1.97), abnormal total cholesterol (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.11 - 1.77) and abnormal LDL-C (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.19 - 2.79) increased the risk of type 2 diabetes, and regular physical activity (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.45 - 0.72) was the protective factor of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Three Gorge Dam migrants was higher than that of nonmigrants. Increasing age, regular physical activity, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, central obesity, abnormal triglyceride, abnormal total cholesterol and abnormal LDL-C were related to type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Transients and Migrants

Objective To investigate the expression and variation of MIP 1β,MIP-2,and IL-12p70 in mice with bloodstream infection caused by 4 kinds of bacteria.Methods CD-1 (ICR) mouse models of bloodstream infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus),Enterococcus f aecalis (E.f aecalis),Escherichia coli (E.coli),and K lebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) were established.After mice in each trial group and PBS control group were infected by bacteria for 0.5h,1h,3h,6h,12h,24h,and 48h,concentrations of MIP-1β,MIP-2,and IL-12p70 were detected by Luminex liquid suspension chip system.Results Concentrations of MIP-1β increased significantly 1h after bacteria was in blood,S.aureus,E.faecalis,E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and control groups were (134.5 ± 18.3),(61.5 ± 15.4),(3 354.0 ±809.0),(6 888.4 ± 1 100.2),and (28.9 ± 4.6) pg/mL respectively;the peak values of IL-12p70 were (389.3 ± 118.1),(127.6 ± 10.0),(42.2 ± 3.5),(62.8 ± 8.4),and (4.8 ± 0.3) pg/mL respectively.Concentrations of MIP-1β and MIP-2 in E.coli and K.pneumoniae groups were significantly higher than other trial groups and control group (all P＜0.01),while concentrations of IL-12p70 in S.aureus and E.faecalis groups were both significantly higher than E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and control groups (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Concentrations of MIP-1β and MIP-2 in E.coli and K.pneumoniae groups were both significantly higher than those in S.aureus and E.faecalis groups,while concentrations of IL-12p70 in S.aureus and E.faecalis groups were both significantly higher than those in E.coli and K.pneumoniae groups.The combination detection of multiple cytokines or chemokines are valuable in predicting gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial infection,and can provide basis for treatment of early infection.

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g (SAMPg) mice models with Alzheimer disease (AD),and to explore the possible protective mechanism of acupuncture on mitochondria.Methods:Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an acupuncture at acupoint group,an acupuncture at non-acupoint group and a model group,20 mice in each group.The 20 male senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1 (SAMR1) mice of the same age were used as a normal control group.Shenshu (BL 23),Baihui (GV 20),Xuehai (SP 10) and Geshu (BL 17) were selected for acupuncture intervention in acupuncture at acupoint group.After an 8-week intervention,mitochondrial tissues were extracted from the hippocampus.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by subcellular organelle proteomics.Western blot was used to verify the expressions of some related proteins in hippocampal mitochondria.Results:Compared with the model group,there were 13 differentially expressed protein spots in the acupuncture at acupoint group,of which,9 were up-regulated,including neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL),actin (cytoplasmic 1,database ID:ACTB),tubulin beta-2A chain (TBB2A),tropomodulin-2 (TMOD2),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (PDHE1-β),NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (database ID:NDUS1),heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC71),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHE1-α) and ATP synthase beta subunit (ATP-β);4 were down-regulated,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1),mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha (MMP-α) and adenosine kinase (ADK).According to the information provided in the protein database,most of the differentially expressed proteins involve the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure.The expression levels of NFL and TBB2A in the normal control group and the acupuncture at acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05).ATP-β and NDUS1 expression levels were significantly higher in the acupuncture at acupoint group than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference between the acupuncture at non-acupoint group and the model group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may achieve the potential therapeutic effect on AD by regulating the structure and functional proteins of hippocampal mitochondria.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods SHRs (male, 12 weeks old; weighing 300±20 g) were randomly assigned to normal, ICH, vehicle-treatment ICH (control), OLM-treatment ICH (OLM) groups. ICH was induced via stereotaxic right basal ganglia administration of collagenase type Ⅶ. One hour after ICH, the rats in OLM group were given a single oral dose of OLM (10 or 3 mg/kg solved in 1 mL sodium carboxymethylcellulose) via nasogastric feeding, and those in the control group received an equal volume of sodium carboxymethylcellulose only. Six hours after ICH induction, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured using the non-invasive method of tail-cuff plethysmography in conscious rats. Twenty-four hours after ICH induction, neurobehavior was detected by the modified limb placing test (MLPT); brain water content was measured by dry-wet method; the mRNA expression levels of receptor and target genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results MAP in the ICH group ([121.4±3.5] mm Hg) did not significantly differ from baseline pressure in the normal group ([120.2±3.8] mm Hg)(P>0.05); MAP in the OLM group with 10 mg/kg ([105.6±3.1] mm Hg) was significantly lower than that in the ICH group (P<0.05); the OLM group with 3 mg/kg ([120.8±3.1] mm Hg) and control group ([118.6±3.9] mm Hg) did not induce blood pressure reduction, and did not show significant difference as compared with the ICH group (P>0.05). In the hemorrhagic hemisphere, brain water content in the OLM group with 3 mg/kg (80.02%±0.32%) had significant difference from that in the ICH group (80.90%±0.36%, P< 0.05); brain water content of the control group (80.81%±0.32%) was slightly lower than that of the ICH group, without significant differences (P>0.05). The OLM group with 3 mg/kg (5.03±0.71) was showed significantly lower score of MLPT as compared with that in the ICH group (6.62±0.55, P<0.05). The score of MLPT in the control group (6.41 ±0.55) did not differ from that in the ICH group (P>0.05). In the hemorrhagic hemisphere, the mRNA expressions of AT1R and target genes, such as HO-1, COX-2, IL-6 and VCAM-1, in the OLM group with 3 mg/kg were significantly lower than those in the ICH group (P<0.05), but the difference between the control and ICH groups did not show statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Treatment with low doses of OLM in the experimental ICH of SHRs may promote its neurological recovery and induce its neuroprotective effects, including reduction of edema, inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of neuroblastoma (NB) and the factors influencing survival rate. METHODS: A total of 44 children with NB who were admitted from April 2016 to February 2020 were enrolled as research subjects. A retrospective analysis was performed on their medical data and follow-up data. RESULTS: The common clinical symptoms of these 44 children were fever (10/44, 23%), mass (9/44, 20%), abdominal pain (8/44, 18%), cough (7/44, 16%), pale complexion (3/44, 7%), claudication (2/44, 5%), and abnormal activity (2/44, 5%). According to the INSS stage, 2 children (4%) had stage I NB, 5 children (11%) had stage II NB, 5 children (11%) had stage III NB, and 32 children (73%) had stage IV NB. The mean follow-up time was (15.3±1.5) months, with a recurrence rate of 20% and an overall survival rate of 82%. Among the 44 children, 29 (66%) achieved event-free survival and 7 (16%) had survival with tumor. The univariate analysis showed that a pathological type of NB and an increase in serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) decreased the overall survival rate of children with NB (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical symptoms of children with NB are not specific at the first visit. Fever, abdominal pain, and mass are common symptoms, and there is a high proportion of children in the advanced stage. The pathological type of NB and an increase in serum NSE may be associated with a reduction in the overall survival rate of children with NB.
Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the difference in expression of TOPK/PBK in lymph nodes between children with malignant lymphoma and those with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

METHODSEighty children with malignant lymphoma and twenty children with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were enrolled as subjects. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of TOPK/PBK in all the subjects. The expression of TOPK/PBK was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe TOPK/PBK-positivity rate was significantly higher in children with malignant lymphoma than in those with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the TOPK/PBK-positivity rate between the children with Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). There were significant differences in the TOPK/PBK-positivity rate among children with different pathological types of NHL (P<0.05): the children with lymphoblastic lymphoma showed the highest TOPK/PBK-positivity rate and those with mature B-cell lymphoma and mature T/NK-cell lymphoma had a similar TOPK/PBK-positivity rate.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of TOPK/PBK is up-regulated in the lymph nodes of children with malignant lymphoma. The expression level of TOPK/PBK may be related to the pathological type of NHL.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymph Nodes ; enzymology ; Lymphoma ; enzymology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; analysis ; Pseudolymphoma ; enzymology

This study analyzed the clinical features of 5 children with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and the characteristics of ANK1 and SPTB gene mutations. All 5 children were confirmed with HS by peripheral blood genetic detection. Anemia, jaundice and splenomegaly were observed in all 5 children. Three children had an increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility. All 5 children had negative results of the Coombs test, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase test, sucrose hemolysis test, acidified-serum hemolysis test and thalassemia gene test. Peripheral blood smear showed an increase in spherocyte count in one child. High-throughput sequencing revealed ANK1 gene mutations in patients 1 to 3, namely c.3398(exon29)delA, c.4306C>T and c.957(exon9)_c.961(exon9)delAATCT, among which c.3398(exon29)delA had not been reported before. Patient 4 had c.318delGExon3 mutation in the SPTB gene. Patient 5 had mutations in the SPTB and SLC4A1 genes, among which c.3484delC in the SPTB gene was a spontaneous mutation; the mutation site of the SLCA4A1 gene was inherited from the father and was a non-pathogenic gene. This study suggests that anemia, jaundice and splenomegaly are major clinical manifestations of HS children. Most children with HS do not have the typical spherocytic changes. Genetic detection may help with the accurate diagnosis of HS.
Ankyrins ; genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Spectrin ; genetics ; Spherocytosis, Hereditary ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of hepatotoxicity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients on combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) containing nevirapine (NVP) and to assess the risk factors and its impact on cART.

METHODS330 AIDS patients from March 2003 to June 2008 at local county were enrolled and a retrospective study using Kaplan-meier survival and Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted.

RESULTS267 out of 330 patients received NVP based cART and 63 cases received EFV-based cART. The deference of prevalences of hepatotoxicity between the two groups is statistically significant (Chi2 = 6.691, P = 0.01). 133 out of 267 (49.8%) patients on NVP based cART had at least one episode of ALT elevation during a median 21 months (interquartile ranges, IQR 6, 37) follow-up time, amounts for 28.5 cases per 100 person-years. Baseline ALT elevation (OR = 14.368, P = 0.017)and HCV co-infection (OR = 3.009, P = 0.000) were risk factors for cART related hepatotoxicity, while greatly increased CD4+ T(CD4) cell count was protective against hepatotoxicity development (OR = 0.996, P = 0.000). Patients co-infected with HCV received NVP-based cART had the higher probability of hepatotoxicity than those without HCV co-infection (Log rank: Chi2 = 16.764, P = 0.000). 23 out of the 133 subjects (17.3%) with NVP related hepatotoxicity discontinued cART temporarily or shifted NVP to efavirenz.

CONCLUSIONNVP related hepatotoxicity was common among ARV naive HIV infected subjects in our cohort. Baseline ALT elevation and HCV co-infection were associated statistically with the development of hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity led to discontinuing cART temporarily or switching to other regimens in some subjects. It suggested that NVP should be used with caution in patients co-infected with HCV among whom anti-HCV therapy before cART initiation may contribute to minimizing the probability of NVP associated hepatotoxicity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; adverse effects ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevirapine ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult