Escherichia coli ; classification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Germany ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics

A mixed bacteria culture F6 isolated from oil field wastewater can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons efficiently. The bacteria were suitable to treat oil-polluted wastewater of oil field. Simulated result treating oil-polluted wastewater in laboratory showed that after "XingyiLian" wastewater of Liaohe Oil Field was treated by fluidized-bed bioreactor system with the vehicle of activated carbon , the amount of oil and CODcr of the flow out water were decreased from 45mg/L to 4. 1mg/L and 470mg/L to 42mg/L separately , according with first class standards of Chinese Wastewater Discharge Regulation.

Objective To establish a method for detecting HBV cccDNA in hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis B patients.Method 21 liver biopsies from the hepatic operation patients in the hospital of jiangsu province,concluding 19 HBV chronic infected patients (10 HBeAg positive patients and 9 HBeAg negative patients) and 4 uninfected patients,HBV DNA(+) serum of hepatitis B patients was thought as rcDNA.To use proteinase K to release HBV cccDNA and genomic DNA,then divide the cell lysis solution into two parts,one for detecting HBV cccDNA,the other for detecting the number of ?-Globin as internal control. Nucleic acid for detecting HBV cccDNA extracted by phenol-chloroform was digested by plasmid-safe ATP dependent DNase which was applied to digest the single strand DNA in rcDNA and ssDNA,then was quantitated by the primers spanning across the nick and SYBR Green Ⅰ dye.The specifity of PCR production was confirmed by the sequence analysis and rcDNA comparison.The significance of the difference of HBV cccDNA level between HBeAg(+) and HBeAg(-) group was analyzed by two group t test.Results The agarose gelelectrophoresis showed the molecular weight of the PCR production was about 350bp.The coincidence rate of PCR production and goal fragement was nearly 99% by sequence analysis.The result of PCR detection of rcDNA group was negative.The positive rate of HBV cccDNA of liver biopsies of HBeAg (+) patients detected by this method was 100%,the level of HBV cccDNA in the liver biopsies of HBeAg (+) patients was higher than HBeAb(+) patients.Conclusions The specificity of the method is proved by agarose electrophoresis,gene sequencing of the PCR product and rcDNA comparison.The quantitative method that use SYBR Green Ⅰ dye and ?-Globin as internal control is more specific,sensitive and economical,and more suitable for clinical purpose.

Communicable diseases are the major threats to the health and security of all the people living in Liberia, including UN peacekeepers from China. The most prevalent communicable diseases in Liberia include malaria, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infection, sexual transmitted disease, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, tuberculosis, cholera, pertussis, hepatitis, meningococcal disease, typhoid fever, Lassa fever and yellow fever. An insight into the profiles and epidemiology of the above epidemics in Liberia would greatly help peacekeepers with disease diagnosis and epidemic prevention. According to the profiles of epidemics in Liberia and the authors' experience in epidemic prevention in Liberia, the authors recommend that peacekeepers strengthen their epidemic prevention as follows. Firstly, a combined vector control strategy is suggested for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Secondly, water safety should be highlighted by water disinfection and regular water quality testing. Thirdly, vaccines, diagnostic reagents and medications should be accordingly outfitted. Then, the awareness of epidemic prevention and individual hygiene should be improved by education and strict management. Finally, the daily life management for peacekeepers is also very important. The epidemic overviews and strategies for epidemic prevention described in this paper are also useful for all the other peacekeepers deployed in Africa.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the relationship between HBV core promoter mutation and clinical features as well as its effects on serum e system and viral replication.

METHODSSemi-nested mutation specific PCR (msPCR) was employed for detecting core promoter mutation at nt 1 762-1 764 in 97 patients with HBV infection.

RESULTSThe msPCR method was demonstrated to be specific and reliable for the mutation detection by sequencing the PCR products. The detection ratio of the mutation in patients with acute hepatitis, mild, moderate and severe chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was 2/5, 7/43, 10/31, 1/3 and 7/15, respectively. The detection rate of the mutation in liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that in light chronic hepatitis (P < 0.025). In 92 patients with chronic HBV infection, HBeAg positive rate in wild (25/92), mutant (42/92) and mixed (25/92) strain infection was 80.0%, 56.0% and 64.3%, HBV DNA level was (4.4 +/- 8.5) x 10(8), (1.1 +/- 1.6) x 10(9) and (1.4 +/- 1.8) x 10(9) copies/ml, the rate of abnormal ALT was 44.0%, 52.0% and 42.6%; ALT level was (58.6 +/- 79.0), (57.1 +/- 75.2) and (62.6 +/- 90.3) IU/L, respectively (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe msPCR method for detecting core promoter mutation at nt 1 762-1 764 is specific and reliable. Core promoter mutation is associated with the severity of liver disease, but neither related to the status of e system in serum nor to the virus replication.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; blood ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Virus Replication ; Young Adult

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Langerhans Cell Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Talus ; Vimentin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of meatoplasty with the pedicle flap in the treatment of meatal stenosis secondary to chronic balanitis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of meatal stenosis secondary to chronic balanitis treated by meato- plasty with the pedicle flap. All the patients had a history of chronic balanitis and had received meatal dilatation or simple ventral mea- totomy without significant effect. Their mean maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was (4.3 ± 2.4) ml/s. During the operation, A "/\"-shaped incision was made in the healthy epidermis and a flap was harvested from the frenulum. After complete removal of the scar, the flap was placed into the urethral wall, followed by reconstruction of the external urethral orifice.

RESULTSThe patients were fol- lowed up for 6 to 30 months, which revealed smooth urination in all the patients with Qmax of (26.7 ± 4.5) ml/s and normal erectile function and uresiesthesis.

CONCLUSIONWith little invasiveness and few complications, meatoplasty with the pedicle flap is an ideal surgical method for the treatment of meatal stenosis secondary to chronic balanitis. However, there might be some change in the normal appearance of the balanus postoperatively, and its long-term effect needs further observation.

Balanitis ; complications ; Constriction, Pathologic ; etiology ; surgery ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; etiology ; surgery ; Urination

As one of the primary prevention measures to reduce birth defects , the premarital healthcare service has played an important role in the prevention of communicable diseases , maintaining the harmonious and happy mar-riage, health and other aspects of protection of the next generation .Different countries and regions also design and implement the premarital medical examination system based on their actual situations .This article summarized the practices, characteristics and experiences of premarital healthcare services in some foreign countries and regions through several aspects including model , set projects content , financing and other aspects of the application of the premarital results.Finally, this paper put forwards suggestions on the premarital healthcare services in our country to help healthy the carrying out of the premarital work .

To introduce the application of vignettes in the survey on health condition,we took the Hangzhou health survey as an example. We tried to find the respondents' health judgment standard by using vignettes first and discovered the population' s demographic characteristics as sex,age, years of schooling and income etc. could influence the self-reported health condition on the response category cut-points. Then the cut-points were corrected through hierarchical ordered probit model in order to reflect the respondents' self-reported health condition based on the same standard,making the result suitable for comparison. Data from our research discovered that the level of health condition of females was lower than that of males among the residents living in Hangzhou and the higher income they received, the better health condition they had. Thus, the health vignettes seemed very essential in the survey on health condition.