In order to investigate the genetic basis of morphological variation of tetraploid plantlets of Atractylodes macrocephala, diploid plantlets were taken as experimental material, sterile filtration colchicine was used to soak 0.5-1.0 cm long buds. The difference between morphology and stomatal of diploid and tetraploid of A. macrocephala was compared, and genome polymorphism was explored by AFLP. The results showed that the buds dipped in 0.1% colchicine solution for 36 h was optimal conditions to induce tetraploid of A. macrocephala with induction rate of 32.0%. Morphological indexes such as leaf area index, leaf length and width, the density of stomas and the number of chloroplast of tetraploid were distinctly different from diploid. Four hundred and fifty-one bands ranging with 80-500 bp were amplified with 24 pairs of primers, the rate of polymorphism was 32.59%. These amplification sites of diploid were different from tetraploid of A. macrocephala, and the differences in morphology of them were reflected in the DNA polymorphism.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; methods ; Atractylodes ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tetraploidy

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect in prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI) using antiseptic impregnated central venous catheter. Methods The incidence of catheterrelated bloodstream infection was compared between 420 cases performed with antiseptic impregnated central venous catheter ( experimental group ) and 430 cases performed with general central venous catheter (control).Besides, the categories and characteristics of pathogenic bacteria which resulted in catheter-related bloodstream infection were analyzed. Results There were 66 cases of CRBSI in 850 cases, 25 cases were inserted antiseptic impregnated central venous catheter and 41 cases inserted general central venous catheter. No significant difference in the incidence between the two groups was found during 7 days(χ2 = 0. 06 ,P > 0. 05), however, the incidence of CRBSI was lower in the experimental group than of the control group after 7 days( χ2 = 3.91,4.30 ;P < 0. 05). It is Gram-positive bacteria which contributed chiefly to CRBSI in experimental group. Conclusions Antiseptic impregnated central venous catheter has clinical effect and could reduce CRBSI obviously.

Objective To explore the most suitable scheme of auscultation training for ICU nurses.Methods Eight ICU of municipal hospitals in Xi' an between October 2010 and October 2011 were contacted and the auscultation training on ICU nurses more than one year in 5 ways distinctively at the same time were developed.Results The plan of mentoring for nurse in auscultation training management was optimization,which help the nurse auscultative successfully,continually and steady.It had a high knowledge accuracy,left precious material for department which facilitated to academic communication.The nurses had more learning enthusiasm and high initiative.It was a comprehensive training system for nurses that had equality practice opportunities and understandable. Trainers from the department which reduced the department cost and shortened the training cycle and had no delayed in the training process.Examination content set and regularly took examination.Group discussions were adopted by nurses for checking the leak,and they recorded nursing documents,and the related nursing diagnosis as the reference for doctors.The auscultation training practice guidelines for departments were assembled.Conclusions The method of project training teaching on the nurses for master the auscultation skill is practical,and it also can promote the ability of nurse in finding out the condition changes at an early date during managing patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) on learning and memory of BALB/c mice.

METHODSEighteen female BALB/c mice were randomized divided into 3 groups and gavaged with peanut oil in the control groups and 300, 1500 mg x kg(-1)xd(-1) PBDE-209 in peanut oil daily in two exposed groups respectively for 4 weeks. The learning and memory ability of mice were tested by the Morris water maze and the shuttling box respectively. The body weight and organs index were measured and the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in brain were determined. The liver histopathological examination was performed.

RESULTSThe heart index in high dose PBDE-209 group was higher than that of the low dose PBDE-209 group (P < 0.05). The results of Morris water maze showed that escape latency period was significantly shorter than the control group (F = 3.134, P < 0.05). The swimming time in the second quadrant of low dose PBDE-209 group was (15.78 +/- 10.92) s, significantly shorter compared with the swimming time in the second quadrant of the control group's [(28.80 +/- 8.67) s] (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the times of active avoidance in the shuttling between three groups (F = 3.423, P = 0.06). There were no significant differences in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in brain of PBDE-209 groups compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Histologically liver damages in structure such as adipose degeneration and swelling were observed in PBDE groups.

CONCLUSIONExposure to PBDE-209 slightly impairs the space learning and memory ability of BALB/c mice, and it has some hepatotoxicity.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Toxicity Tests

AIMTo investigate the cardio-protective effect of crocetin on primary culture of cardiac myocyte treated with noradrenaline.

METHODSAfter adding crocetin, the primary culture of cardiac myocyte was injured by 1.0 micromol x L(-1) noradrenaline. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrion succinic dehydrogenase (MSDH) and ATPase were assayed. The mitochondrion membrane potential was detected by Rh123. The percentage of cardiac myocyte apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSCrocetin significantly decreased the activity of LDH in culture supernatant, increased the activity of MSDH, ATPase (Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase) and mitochondrion membrane potential.

CONCLUSIONCrocetin could alleviate the disturbance of energy metabolism and decrease the percentage of apoptosis of cardiac myocyte treated with noradrenaline.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Carotenoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Crocus ; chemistry ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; enzymology ; Norepinephrine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze factors on sleep apnea children's poor responding to adenoid tonsillectomy, and discuss the further treatment.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty three obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) children who had adenoid tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy were reviewed, all cases had follow-up sleep study (polysomnogram, PSG) after surgery.

RESULTSAccording to the results obtained in 3 to 12 months after surgery with PSG, 221 cases (90.9%) were cured (apnea and hypopnea index, AHI, < 5/h), while the remaining 22 cases AHI > 5.0/h. In the latter group, 2 cases who only had adenoidectomy received tonsillectomy afterwards, 7 cases who have nasal congestion were treated with medication, 5 overweight cases and 3 cases with cerebral palsy, pectus excavatum or hyperplastic tori were treated with CPAP.

CONCLUSIONSAdenoid tonsillectomy is effective for OSAHS children. For the poor responding cases, suitable treatment should be selected accordingly.

Adenoidectomy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To assay serum apelin level in obesity and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and investigate the relationship between serum apelin level and body fat parameter,glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index,etc.Methods Sixty-two patients with type 2 DM and 72 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were selected and each group was divided into obese and non-obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m~2 or

Background: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis (CS) possesses a variety of immunoregulatory properties. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of CS in a mice model of multiple sclerosis (MS)?experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 to induce EAE, followed by an instant intragastric feeding with a low dosage of CS (low?CS group, n = 5), high dosage of CS (high?CS group, n = 5), or the same volume of normal saline (control group, n = 5).All the mice were observed for clinical assessment. Over the 30 days of CS treatment, flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of helper T?cell (Th) subsets, Th1 and Th17, and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Meanwhile, pathological changes in brain were determined using both hematoxylin?eosin and luxol fast blue staining. Data were analyzed using the one?way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Over the 15 and 30 days of CS treatment, the clinical assessment for EAE demonstrated that both high?CS group (2.51 ± 0.31 and 2.26 ± 0.39 scores, respectively) and low?CS group (2.99 ± 0.40 and 2.69 ± 0.46, respectively) had lower disease severity scores than those of control group (3.57 ± 0.53 and 3.29 ± 0.53, all P < 0.01, respectively). Meanwhile, after 15 and 30 days, the high?CS group (19.18 ± 1.34 g and 20.41 ± 1.56 g, respectively) and low?CS group (18.07 ± 1.18 g and 19.48 ± 1.69 g, respectively) had a lower body weight, as compared with control group (16.85 ± 1.15 g and 18.22 ± 1.63 g, all P < 0.01, respectively).At 30 days post?CS treatment, there was a lower Th1 frequency in the lymph nodes (2.85 ± 1.54% and 2.77 ± 1.07% vs. 5.35 ± 1.34%, respectively; P < 0.05) and spleens (3.96 ± 1.09% and 3.09 ± 0.84% vs. 5.07 ± 1.50%, respectively; P < 0.05) and less inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the brain of CS?treated mice than that of control group. Conclusions: Our preliminary study demonstrated that CS efficiently alleviated EAE severity and EAE?related pathology damage and decreased the number of Th1s in the periphery, indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of murine EAE. Thus, our findings strongly support the therapeutic potential of this agent as a new traditional Chinese medicine approach in MS treatment.

Objective To compare comfort level and postoperative complication of patients undergone coronary intervention through femoral artery and radial artery. Methods A total of 198 patients were selected and divided into two groups: control group (n = 100) accepted coronary intervention through femoral artery and experimental group ( n = 98 ) through radial artery. Local hematoma at the puncture site, back pain, insomnia and dysuresia were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of insomnia and back pain were significantly lower in experimental group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) than in control group. There was also significant difference in local hematoma at the puncture site and dysuresia between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusions Low incidence of complications and high comfort level can be expected in patients undergone coronary intervention through radial arteries.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinicopathological and bronchoscopic characteristics of CT-occult lung cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 11 patients who were diagnosed with CT-occult lung cancer by bronchoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSSeven out of eleven patients had bloody sputum. The median disease course was 3 months. Nine patients were in stage I or II, among them 5 cases underwent surgery, with a 5-year survival rate of 80.0%. The upper lobes were predilection areas, and all of the 11 patients had direct sign by bronchoscopy. The most common histopathology was squamous cell carcinoma, which had proliferative changes.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with symptoms of persistent bloody sputum should undergo a bronchoscopy to make sure whether there is an occult lung cancer or not, even if the chest CT scan is negative at first visit.

Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed