Objective To investigate the expression of Yes‐associated protein(YAP) in human papillary thyroid cancer and its influence on cell growth .Methods The samples in 57 cases of papillary thyroid cancer treated by operation resection in the gen‐eral surgery department of this hospital and the matched tumor‐adjacent tissues were collected .All the cases were definitely diag‐nosed by the pathology examination .The expression of YAP protein in the cancer tissue and corresponding tumor‐adjacent tissue were determined by the immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining .The relationship between the YAP protein and the clinicopathological data was statistically analyzed .siRNA was used to silence the expression of YAP in B‐CPAP cells ,MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the proliferation and apoptosis changes .Results The expression level of YAP was markedly higher in papillary thyroid cancer tissues than in tumor adjacent tissues (P<0 .05);moreover the expression of YAP protein was positively correlated with the tumor size and TNM stage (P<0 .05) .Silencing YAP gene could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation ability and pro‐mote cell apoptosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion YAP is highly expressed in papillary thyroid cancer tissues and is related with its ad‐verse clinicopathological characteristics ,down‐regulating YAP gene can significantly inhibit the cell growth .

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of CC chemokine ligand 5(CCL5)and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4)protein in breast cancer tissues with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods The expression of CCL5 and S100A4 in 40 cases of normal breast tissues and 120 cases of breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between the degree of expres-sion and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed.Results The expression posi-tive rates of CCL5 and S100A4 in breast cancer tissues were 56.67% and 62.50% respectively,which were not expressed in normal breast tissues,and the differences were statistically significant (χ2CCL5 =39.403,P <0.01;χ2S100A4 =47.062,P <0.01).The expression of CCL5 in breast cancer tissues was statistically correlated with clinical staging(χ2 =10.141,P <0.01 ),pathological type (χ2 =5.769,P =0.017)and lymph node metastasis (χ2 =34.178,P <0.01),but not correlated with patients'age,tumor size,pathological grading(all P >0.05 ).And the expression of S100A4 was statistically correlated with clinical staging(χ2 =44.311,P <0.01)and lymph node metas-tasis(χ2 =14.843,P <0.01 ),but not correlated with patients'age,tumor size,pathological type and pathological grading(all P >0.05).The expression of CCL5 and S100A4 in breast cancer was positively correlated(r =0.301, P <0.01).CCL5 was positively correlated with the recurrence of breast cancer(OR =6.270,P <0.01),and S100A4 was not correlated with the recurrence of breast cancer(OR =1.103,P =0.768).Survival analysis showed that the disease -free survival time of patients with positive CCL5 expression was significantly shorter than the patients with negative CCL5 expression(χ2 =11.851,P <0.01 ),and the disease -free survival time of patients with positive S100A4 expression was significantly shorter than the patients with negative S100A4 expression(χ2 =5.433,P =0.021).The joint detection showed that the disease -free survival time in CCL5(+)+S100A4(+)group was sig-nificantly lower than that of CCL5(+)or S100A4(+)group(χ2 =15.341,P <0.01)and CCL5 (-)+S100A4 (-)group(χ2 =15.341,P <0.01).Conclusion The expression of CCL5 and S100A4 in breast cancer can reflect the metastasis and staging of breast cancer,which can be used to judge the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the association between sleep quality and the increasing risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 771 patients aged 25-70 years living in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province for at least 5 years were enrolled for the survey of risk factor related noninfectious chronic disease in 2013.In this investigation,those who suffered from other types of diabetes,neuropathy,other endocrine disease,cardiovascular,renal and hepatic dysfunction,dyspnea or cancer were excluded.To reduce the influence of confounding factors,another 771 participants were enrolled as controls.Each case was arranged to have a control who was matched in age (difference not more than 3 years),gender,residence and family history.All the participants were interviewed with self-designed questionnaire,and sleep quality was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire.Student's t test,Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results The PSQI score in the T2DM patients vs.the controls were 5.15±2.40 vs.2.71 ± 1.93 (t=21.96,P＜0.01).The scores of sleep-related factors,including subjective poor sleep quality,bedtime resistance,short sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance,use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction,of the T2DM patients were higher than those of the controls.The proportion of sleep related behaviors of the T2DM patients was higher,except for early awakening,cold feeling and nightmare.Poor sleep quality was associated with the increasing risk of T2DM (odds ratio 2.06,95％ CI 1.69-2.52).In multivariate logistic regression,when adjusted for confounding factors,the risk of T2DM was still increased (odds ratio 1.72,95％ CI 1.62-1.83).Sleep-related factors (e.g.subjective poor sleep quality,bedtime resistance,short sleep duration,sleep efficiency and sleep disturbance) were correlated with the risk of T2DM (odds ratio was 3.34,1.63,1.10,1.87 and 3.89,respectively).Conclusion Low quality of sleep may be strongly associated with an increased risk of T2DM.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of 125I interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of local advanced parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and to analyze prognostic factors affecting treatment outcome, in order to provide references for the treatment of local advanced parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods:Patients with histology-confirmed ACC of the parotid who received 125I interstitial brachytherapy in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between Aug 2007 and Jan 2018 were included.Prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control rate (LCR) were analyzed.Meanwhile, distant metastases as well as acute and long-term radiological toxicities were described. Results:A total of 16 patients (11 females, mean age 55.4 years) of stage cT 4bN 0M 0 who received definitive 125I interstitial brachytherapy were included.The median follow-up period was 41.5 months (8-104 months), and the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 86.7%, 72% and 54%, respectively.Five patients suffered from local recurrence, the 1-, 3- and 5-year LCR were 93.7%, 80% and 68.7%, respectively, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS were 74%, 53%, and 18.9%, respectively.Nine cases developed distant metastases.Among them, intracranial and pulmonary metastases took place the most frequently and six patients who had skull base invasion developed multi-organ metastases.An encased carotid artery was an independent prognostic factor for distant metastases (HR=12, P=0.045). Severe radiological toxicities were observed in eight patients (8/16, 50%), including radio-dermatitis, hearing loss, progressive trismus, and eye toxicities. Conclusions:The 5-year LCR in patients treated with definitive 125I interstitial brachytherapy for local advanced ACC of the parotid was 68.7%, and skull base invasion and an encased carotid artery were independent adverse prognostic factors of bad prognosis and multi-organ metastases.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between expression of a3 chain of collagen Ⅸ (COLIXA3)mRNA in the population exposed to fluorine and fluorosis,in order to reveal the role of COLIXA3 gene in the pathogenesis of endemic fluorosis.MethodsTwelve cases of mild drinking water-born skeletal fluorosis were selected as case groups in Regiment 123 and 128 of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seven Division,6cases of healthy people living in fluorosis areas for more than 10 years as a internal control group and 6 heathly cases living in non-fluorosis areas for more than 10 years as a external control group.The expression of COLIXA3mRNA of peripheral blood lymphocyte of skeletal fluorosis patients and control groups were determined by using SYBR Green Ⅰ chimeric fluorescent method for real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThe results of the relative expression of COLIXA3 mRNA of case group,internal control group and external control group were 2.16 ± 0.62,1.06 ± 0.09 and 1.05 ± 0.12,respectively.The COLIXA3 expression in case group was significantly higher than that of the internal control group and the external control group (all P ＜ 0.05),while the difference of COLIXA3expression between the internal control group and the external control group was not significantly different (P ＞0.05).ConclusionsFluorine contributes to the expression of COLIXA3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocyte,and the expression is up to 2 times higher than that of the control groups,meaning potential biomarkers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of the deleted azoospermia (DAZ) gene copy related to gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions in the AZFc region with male spermatogenic impairment.

METHODSThis study included 121 infertile men with different de- grees of spermatogenic impairment and 95 healthy donors from the sperm bank. Using PCR, PCR-RFLP, and Y chromosome specific sequence tagged sites (STS) , we analyzed the association of DAZ gene copy deletions related to gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions in the AZFc region with spermatogenic impairment.

RESULTSThere were 15 cases of gr/gr deletion (12. 40% ) and 6 cases of b2/b3 deletion (4.96%) in the infertility group as compared with 13 cases of gr/gr deletion (13.68%) and 1 case of b2/b3 deletion (1.05%) in the control. Analysis of the DAZ-specific single nucleotide variant (SNV) loci revealed 11 gr/gr-DAZI/DAZ2 deletions (9.09%), 4 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions (3.31%), and 6 b2/b3-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions (4.96%) in the infertile men in comparison with 3 gr/ gr-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions (3.16%), 10 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions (10.53%), and 1 b2/b3- DAZ3/DAZ4 deletion (1.05%) in the control.

CONCLUSIONPartial deletions of gr/gr and b2/b3 exist in both healthy men and male patients with different degrees of spermatogenic impairment and cannot be considered as a risk factor for spermatogenesis impairment. However, deletions of different DAZ duplicons in gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions have different effects on spermatogenesis. DAZ1/DAZ2 instead of DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions might be associated with spermatogenesis impairment.

Deleted in Azoospermia 1 Protein ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; Male ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors as well as a frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. The test of serum markers has dramatically improved the early diagnosis of PCa, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely identified. Long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) is emerging as a new player in the PCa paradigm demonstrating its potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. LncRNA is frequently aberrantly expressed in the majority of PCa cases. This review highlights recent findings of the aberrant expression of lncRNA in PCa and discusses its novel roles in the diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, metastasis, and potential clinical treatment of PCa.
Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Syk on the VEGF-C expression in breast cancer.

METHODSImmunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the protein expression of Syk, NFκB and VEGF-C in breast carcinoma; and the relationship between protein expression of Syk, NFκB, VEGF-C and lymph node metastasis was analysed. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-Syk, and the effect of Syk gene on the VEGF-C and NFκB expression was determined.

RESULTSIn the lymph node metastatic group, a lower expression rate of Syk and higher expression rate of VEGF-C and NFκB were detected as compared to the non-metastatic group. The expression of Syk was negatively associated with NFκB (r = -0.448, P = 0.002) and VEGF-C (r = -0.620, P = 0.000) expression, and VEGF-C was associated with the nuclear expression of NFκB (r = 0.310, P = 0.036). Compared with the non-transfected cells, the pcDNA3.1(-)-Syk transfected MDA-MB-231 cells showed significantly lower transcriptional level of VEGF-C mRNA, expression level of VEGF-C protein and NFκB activity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSyk may play an important role in the lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. It may down-regulate the expression of VEGF-C by inhibiting the activity of NFκB, which thus suppresses lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Syk Kinase ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; metabolism

Animals ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; genetics ; metabolism ; p21-Activated Kinases ; genetics