Astrocytoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chromosome Deletion ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ependymoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; SMARCB1 Protein ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To identify the arteriosclerosis (AS)changes in peripheral artery and abdominal aorta of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) during follow-up.Methods Seventeen patients of 6 FH [5 male and 12 female with average age of (16.12?6.65) years old],along with 17 subjects of matching sexes and ages with normal blood cholesterol as healthy control group,underwent examination by color doppler ultrasound,and changes of intima-media thickness (IMT) in peripheral artery and abdominal aorta,severity of stenosis,morphology,and function were observed.Results For 17 patients of FH,the total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in serum were higher significantly and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower significantly than those in healthy control group(Pa0.05).The IMT of carotid aorta,subclavicular aorta,common abdominal artery,and common femoral artery in 13 patients were showing various degrees of increase,yielding an average of 2.9 mm.As patients aged,this phenomenon was reported to be more profound in common abdominal aorta and femoral artery.Conclusions Patients of FH show AS lesion in early stage and it worsened as they aged,from carotid arteries to common abdominal aorta and femoral artery.Color doppler ultrasound can be a non-invasive examination for monitoring the progress of AS in blood vessels in patients of diagnosed FH.

Objective To identify mutations site and clinical characteristics of a familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) proband diagnosed clinically through DNA sequencing and family analysis in the proband and his family members of 3 generations.Methods Blood samples and clinical data of the kindred of total 29 from 3 generations members were collected.Proband had a physical examination electrocar-diogrom and vascular ultrasound.The proband and his family members took routine clinical exams,and genomic DNA was isolated.The promoter region and the 18 exons of low density liporotein receptor(LDLR) gene were screened by Touch down polymerase chain reaction -single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing.The result of sequencing were matched gene sequence published in the BLAST database.Results 1.Increased intima-media thickness and plaque were detected in the common carotid artery,right subclavian artery of the proband.Aortic valve regurgitation was found by echocardiography.2.No mutation R3500Q of ApoB100 was observed.3.Two heterozygous mutations in exon 10 and 13 of LDLR gene (W462X and A606T) were identified.The proband and 5 members of paternal relatives showed W462X heterozygosis mutation in exon 10 of LDLR gene which introduced the change from tryptophone to a new stop codon.The proband's mother and grandmother harboured A606T heterozygous mutation in exon 13 of LDLR gene due to a single base pair substitution of G for A in the codon for residue 1 879.Conclusions Disease causing mutations of proband are W462X and A606T compound heterozygosis mutation in exon 10 and 13 of LDLR gene inherited from mother and father.Proband shows homozyous phenotype though the genotype analysis indicates heterozygous mutations.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System ; metabolism ; pathology ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Demyelinating Diseases ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of delineating subvolume target in radiotherapy for brain tumors using Gd-based contrast clearance difference.Methods:Twenty-six patients with malignant brain tumors were scanned with MRI. The first and second acquisitions of standard T 2-weighted images (T 2WI) and T 1-weighted images (T 1WI) were performed at 5 min and 60 min after injection of contrast agent. Delayed contrast extravasation (DCEM) MRI computed by Brainlab comprised regions of contrast agent clearance representing active tumors and regions of contrast accumulation representing non-tumor tissues. Based on T 2WI images, 14 patients with liquefaction necrosis were divided into group A, and 12 patients without liquefaction necrosis into group B, respectively. Then, gross target volume (GTV) was delineated on T 1WI images. Based on the GTV, active tumor (GTV tumor) and non-tumor regions (GTV non-tumor) were delineated on T 1WI-DCEM fusion images, while liquefaction necrosis (GTV liquefaction) and non-liquefaction (GTV non-liquefaction) were delineated on T 1-T 2WI fusion images. Finally, the differences between different subvolumes were compared by paired t-test. Results:In group A, the GTV non-liquefaction and GTV liquefaction were (13.65±18.15) cm 3 and (6.30±7.57) cm 3. The GTV tumor was (10.40±13.52) cm 3 and the GTV non-tumor was (9.55±14.57) cm 3. The GTV non-liquefaction was significantly increased by 16.3% on average compared with the GTV tumor ( P<0.05). The GTV non-tumor was significantly increased by 16.3% on average compared with the GTV liquefaction ( P<0.05). In group B, The GTV non-tumor was significantly reduced by 68.8% on average compared with the GTV tumor ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with T 2WI, DCEM has advantages in identifying the liquefaction area and can clearly differentiate the subvolume of active tumors from non-liquefaction necrosis. DCEM provides evidence for guiding the delineation of subvolume in primary and metastatic brain tumors.

Objective To explore the molecular basis of familial hypercholesteraemia(FH)by analyzing the phenotype and genotype relationship through identify the low density liporotein receptor(LDL-r)gene mutation in a FH kindred.Methods A male patient of 15 years old was selected to examine the electrocardiogram,lipid.Color Doppler was used to examine heart and great vessels.The promoter region and the 18 exons of the LDL-r gene were screened by touch-down polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and DNA sequencing.Results The caro-tid intima-media thickness(IMT)was increased to 0.23 cm,while coronary flow velocity reserve(CFVR)was decreased to 1.57,and mode-rate mitral regurgitation was found in the proband.The genetic alteration G→A change at 1 448 of exon 10 causing premature stop codon(W462X).The same heterozygous nonsense mutation was also found in his father.The mutation had been reported in other Chinese patients.In vitro experiments showed that W462X mutation leads to low LDL binding and internalization ability.Conclusions The homozygous mutation(W462X)in exon 10 of the LDL-r gene were identified in the clinically heterozygous FH proband.The W462X mutation is the underl-ying cause of hypercholesterolaemia and clinical AS manifestations.W462X is recurrent mutation among Chinese FH patients.It might be a hot spot mutation in LDL-r in Chinese FH.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):18-20

To study the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Baeckea Frutescens L., a new flavonol glycoside, named 6, 8-dimethylkaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (1), together with seven known compounds: quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic acid (7) and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methoxylpropionyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (8) were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and recrytallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 8 was first isolated from plant.
Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Toluene ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The syndrome differentiation standardization of Chinese medicine and treatment technologies is the premise of Chinese medicine's entry into the world. But its individualized diagnosis and therapeutic features are contrary to the specification of standardization. The achievement and existent problems in syndrome differentiation standardization of Chinese medicine and treatment technologies were summarized in this paper. The thinking ways and recommendations to solve were proposed as well.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards

· AIM:To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with vitamin A palmitate ophthalmic gel on levels of tear film stability and inflammatory cytokines in patients with dry eye.· METHODS:A total of 100 patients with dry eye treated in our hospital from January 2015 to February 2017 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,50 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops.Patients in the observation group were given vitamin A palmitate ophthalmic gel on the basis of the control group,and then the clinical efficacy,tear film stability and the level of inflammatory cytokines were detected in the two groups.· RESULTS:After treatment,the levels of BUT and S I t in both groups increased significantly compared with that before treatment,and FL was significantly lower than that before treatment.The levels of BUT and S I t in the observation group after treatment were 11.24±0.22s and I1.4 ± 0.17mm/5min respectively,which was high than that of control groups(P＜0.05).FL level was 1.78±0.10 points,which was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment (P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of IL-1β and TNF-αsignificantly decreased in both groups.The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the observation group were 34.38± 5.58ng/L and 134.47 ± 12.14ng/L,significantly lower than those of the control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of observation group after treatment was 91.7％,significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).· CONCLUSION:Sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with vitamin A palmitate ophthalmic gel can relieve the symptoms of patients with dry eye effectively,increase the stability of tear film,and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in tears,which is reliable in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the allelic frequency distribution and genetic parameters of nine non-CODIS DNA index systems of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D2S1772, D6S1043, D7S3048, D8S1132, D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, and GATA198B05). METHODS: A total of 353 blood samples were collected, extracted, amplified, and analyzed from unrelated healthy individuals of Han nationality in Hunan Province, China. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen alleles were observed in the population with corresponding allelic frequencies ranged from 0.001 0 to 0.323 0. For all the nine non-CODIS STR loci, the observed genotypic data showed no significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Ho, He, PIC, DP, and PE of the studied non-CODIS STR loci ranged from 0.1080 to 0.1950, 0.8050 to 0.8920, 0.7700 to 0.8600, 0.9250 to 0.9660 and 0.6070 to 0.7800, respectively. CONCLUSION Nine non-CODIS STR loci have high degrees of polymorphisms, which may be useful in individual forensic identification and parentage testing in forensic practice.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic