Objective To explore the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) on the birth weight and the brain weight of newborn rats with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Methods Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were mated together and the vaginal plug formation after mating was for pregnancy diagnosis.The day when the plug was observed was considered day 1 of gestation.Then,the pregnant rats were divided into IUGR group and sham surgery group.On day 17 of gestation,the uterine arteries of pregnant rats in IUGR group were clamped for 30 min by blood vessel forceps after abdominal cavity with clamping blood uessels was opened.The pegnant rats in sham surgery group only had abdominal cavity opened without clamping blood vessels.Then the pegnant rats in IUGR group received 9 g/L saline(IUGR group) or BDNF 1 ?g injected in the rat through caudal veins for 5 days after surgery(BDNF intervention group).After vaginal birth,the weight of newborn rats and their brain weigh were measured and analyzed.Results Compared with the sham surgery group,the birth weight and brain weight of IUGR group group rats decreased by 24.9% and 17.3%,respectively,the results were significant(Pa

The method of homogeneity evaluation for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) spatial distribution in lyophilized product was investigated for the first time with confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy mapping, using pemetrexed disodium for injection as a model drug. Certain areas of the lyophilized product were scanned to obtain Raman spectra. The classical method ("peak clipping" method) was employed for mapping with characteristic Raman peaks of the API and the excipient. Due to the API being finely dispersed in the excipient in lyophilized products, the classical method cannot discriminate between the two ingredients making the distribution homogeneity difficult to evaluate. The "ratio of characteristic peak intensities" method was then utilized. Using this method, the relative intensity of the characteristic Raman peaks of the API to the excipient was applied for mapping and the relative content of API to excipient was calculated for a homogeneity evaluation of the drug distribution. The validation of this method showed a good linear relationship between the relative intensity and the relative content of API to excipient (r² > 0.99), and the precision and recovery were adequate for homogeneity evaluation of API by Raman spectroscopy mapping. Five products of pemetrexed disodium for injection from different manufacturers were tested through Raman maps applying this method and the histograms of relative Raman intensity were also plotted by frequency to help the homogeneity evaluation of drug distribution. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the drug distribution homogeneity from different products, where a more homogeneous API distribution was found in the brand product. This research provides a reliable method for the homogeneity evaluation of API distribution, which facilitates quality evaluation and process optimization of lyophilized products.

In this study, the psbA-trnH sequence as DNA barcode was used to evaluate the accuracy and stability for identification pteridophyte medicinal material Pyrrosiae Foliumas from adulterants. Genomic DNA from 106 samples were extracted successfully. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and ML tree were calculated using software MEGA 6.0. The intra-specific genetic distances of 3 original plants were lower than inter-specific genetic distances of adulterants. The ML tree indicated that Pyrrosiae Folium can be distinguished from its adulterants obviously. Therefore, the psbA-trnH sequence as a barcode of the pteridophyte, can accurately and stably distinguish Pyrrosiae Folium from its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Ferns ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo explore the better therapy in the treatment of ganglion.

METHODSNinety cases of ganglion were randomized into a two-way quintuple puncture group, a common quintuple puncture group and a fire needling group, 30 cases in each one. In the two-way quintuple puncture group, the "9-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was used. In the common quintuple puncture group, the traditional "5-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was applied. In the fire needling group, the traditional multiple fire needling technique was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 3 treatments made one session and the efficacy was analyzed statistically after 1 session treatment in the three groups.

RESULTSAll of the three therapeutic methods achieved the efficacy on ganglion. The curative rate was 96. 7% (29/30) in the two-way quintuple puncture group, which was better obviously than 66.7% (20/30) in the common quintuple puncture group and 60. 0% (18/30) in the fire needling group (both P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe two-way quintuple puncture technique achieves the remarkably superior efficacy on ganglion as compared with the common quintuple puncture technique and fire needling technique.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the physical growth changes in Chinese children aged from 0 to 7 years old during the past 30 years.

METHODSFour national physical growth surveys of the children under 7 years old were undertaken in the same urban and suburban areas of nine main cities in China from 1975 to 2005. The nine cities were Beijing, Harbin and Xi'an in the northern part; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in the central part; Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in the southern part of China. Random cluster sampling method was used. The children aged from 0 to 7 years old were classified into 22 groups by age. The sample size was ranged from 150 to 200 persons for each sex-age group in each area (urban/rural) of each city. Totally, 158 400, 152 874, 157 362 and 138 775 healthy children were examined in 1975, 1985, 1995 and 2005 respectively. The data of weight, height, chest and head circumference obtained from these surveys were analyzed.

RESULTSAverage weight and height in most of the age groups for both boys and girls from urban and suburban rural areas has been significantly improved during the past 30 years, the average increments of weight were 0.76 kg to 1.14 kg in 12 - 15 months group and 2.58 kg to 3.26 kg in 6 - 7 years group; and the average increments of height were 2.7 cm to 3.8 cm in 12 - 15 months group and 5.0 cm to 7.6 cm in 6 - 7 years group. Chest circumference did not show an increase in infants younger than 4 months and increased slightly after 4 months. The average increments of head circumference were 0.1 cm to 1.0 cm. From 1975 to 2005, the increments of weight and height per 10 years was in an increasing trend, e.g. weight increments of 5 - 6 years old were 0.58 kg, 1.02 kg and 1.67 kg and the height increments were 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.6 cm for every 10 years. The urban-rural difference in height has become smaller, the height difference in 6 - 7 years group for boys was decreased from 4.9 cm in 1975 to 2.6 cm in 2005. The weight has become smaller in children under 3 years old but becoming greater after 3 years, such as the difference increased from 1.14 kg in 1975 to 1.72 kg in 2005 for boys aged 6 - 7 years old. The regional difference also showed a decreasing trend.

CONCLUSIONThe physical growth of Chinese children had been much improved during the past 30 years and the secular trend should be still continuing at an accelerated growth stage. The urban-rural difference and regional difference in weight and height had become smaller.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Urban Population

In order to evaluate the efficiency of ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences used as DNA barcodes to distinguish Plantaginis Semen from its adulterants, we collected 71 samples of Plantaginis Semen and its adulterants. The ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences were aligned through Clustal W, and the genetic distances were calculated by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 5.1. The results indicated that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Plantago asiatica and P. depressa were 199 bp and 200 bp, respectively; the maximum intra-specific K2P distance were lower than the minimum inter-specific K2P distance; the NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Plantaginis Semen and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. The sequence lengths of psbA-trnH of both P. asiatica and P. depressa were 340 bp; the maximum intra-specific K2P distances were lower than the minimum inter-specific K2P distance; the NJ tree based on psbA-trnH sequence showed that Plantaginis Semen can be distinguished clearly from its adulterants except for P. major. Therefore, ITS2 sequences can be used as an ideal DNA barcode to distinguish Plantaginis Semen from its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plantago ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo understand the HBV infection rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from fetuses of HBsAg positive mothers, associated risk factors and to explore the clinical significance of detecting HBV infected PBMCs.

METHODSSixty eight pregnant women who were delivered at the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China from August 1995 to February 1997, and their newborns were studied. They were divided into two groups according to their status of HBV serological markers. The study group included 50 cases who were serum HBsAg positive and 18 cases without any HBV serum markers served as control group. All these cases had no symptoms of hepatitis, high risk premature labor, premature delivery and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Age and gestational age were matched in two groups. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken from the peripheral vein of pregnant women before delivery and from newborns within 24 h after birth, before inoculation of HBV vaccine (HBVac) and injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). PBMCs were isolated. The sera and PBMCs were stored at -80 degrees C. HBV-DNA in serum and PBMCs were detected with nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR). Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers, the outer primer pair for first PCR and inner primer pair for second PCR, designed according to region S of HBV genome were synthesized by Shanghai Cell Biology Institute of Chinese Academy of Science.

RESULTSThe detection rate of HBV-DNA in serum and PBMCs from HBsAg positive pregnant women was 60.0% (30/50) and 40.0% (20/50), respectively. The detection rate of HBV-DNA in serum and PBMCs from newborns of HBsAg positive pregnant women was 46.0% (23/50) and 30.0% (15/50), respectively. Ten newborns were HBV-DNA positive in serum only, 2 were positive in PBMCs only and 13 were positive in both serum and PBMCs. In the control group, HBV-DNA was not detected in PBMC nor in serum. The positive rate of HBV-DNA in PBMCs of newborns was significantly higher in the group of mothers who were HBV-DNA or HBeAg positive in serum (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the positive rate was significantly higher in the group of mothers who were HBV-DNA positive in both serum and PBMC than that in the group of mothers who were serum HBV-DNA positive only (P < 0.01); and it was markedly higher in the group of mothers who were PBMC HBV-DNA positive than that in group of mothers who were HBV-DNA negative in PBMCs (P < 0.01). The positive rate of HBV-DNA in PBMCs of newborns was significantly higher in the group of newborns who were HBV-DNA positive in serum than that in the group of newborns who were HBV-DNA negative in serum (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe positive rate of HBV-DNA in PBMCs from newborns of HBsAg positive pregnant women was 30.0% (15/30). It was related to HBV viremia level and HBV-DNA status in PBMCs of mothers and newborns. Detection of HBV-DNA in PBMCs may be an important supplementary method to determine intrauterine HBV infection, and can predict the response to HBV vaccine.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; administration & dosage ; Infant, Newborn ; blood ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Male ; Mothers ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; blood ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To summarize our experience of simple neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma and discuss its advantages. Methods Forty-two patients with pituitary adenoma diagnosed by CT or MRI detection (diameters of the tumor: <1cm in 11 patients, 1-2cm in 11, 2-3cm in 18, >3cm in 8) were treated by simple neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. During transsphenoidal approach, the nasal mucosa was not incised and the nasal septum and median nasal conchae were not dissected. Under neuroendoscopic assistance, the anterior wall of the sphenoidal sinus and sellae base was opened directly and adenoma resection was performed. Results All the patients were followed up for 1-12 months. By postoperative MRI detection, adenomas were resected completely in 38 patients, subtotally in 4 cases. Rapid improvement of vision was noted postoperatively. The increased hormonal level in 18 of 22 patients was decreased to normal postoperatively and another 4 cases improved clinically in serum hormone levels during follow-up. Postoperative transient CSF leakage occurred in 6 cases and transient diabetes insipidus in 23 cases. Conclusions The simple neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adanoma is safe, time-saving and without severe complications, provides a satisfactory deep illumination and a panoramic operative field. The injury to the patient and postoperative complications are less. The clinical application of the neuroendoscopy for pituitary adenoma is worthy of recommending.

To study the impact of the enterovirus 71(EV71) on the nuclear transport mechanism,The pGFP-NLS vector with nuclear location signal(NLS) was constructed, RD cells transfected by the pGFP-NLS vector were inoculated with the EV71 or cotransfected by EV71-2A vector. The results showed that GFP protein with NLS was expressed in the cytoplasm due to the inhibition of nuclear transport. In order to further study the mechanism of the EV71 to prevent nuclear transport,Nup62 was detected by Western blotting after RD cells were infected with EV71 or transfected by EV71-2A vector. The results showed that decreased expression of Nup62 could be detected after infection with EV71 and transfection by EV71-2A vector. This study demonstrates that the cleavage of Nup62 by EV71 2A protease may be the mechanism of nuclear transport inhibition.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Enterovirus A, Human ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins ; metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo analyze the karyotype stability in hematological malignancies patients before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its prognostic significance of monitoring.

METHODSThe karyotypes and clinical data of 21 patients with hematological malignancies at the initial diagnosis and at relapse after allo-HSCT were retrospectively reviewed. Chromosome analysis was performed by standard 24 h-cultured method and R banding.

RESULTSKaryotypes at the initial diagnosis and at relapse after allo-HSCT were different in 11 patients (52.38%), including chromosome 1, 3, 6, 12, 17, 21. Numberical abnormalities and structural chromosomal abnormalities always occurs together. The median survival time of relapse of the patients with karyotype changes was significantly shorter than that of patients without a karyotype change (79 d vs 522 d, P = 0.027), and that of the patients with trisomy 6 was also significantly shorter than that of the patients without trisomy 6 (9 d vs 275 d, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONKaryotype changes after relapse are associated with the prognosis of allo-HSCT.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; surgery ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult