Objective To study the modulation effect of adrenomedullin (ADM) on hypoxia pulmonary hypertension in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ( n =8), hypoxic group ( n =8), hypoxic with ADM group ( n =8). ADM was subcutaneously administered into rats of hypoxic with ADM group by mini-osmotic pump (300 ng/h). After two weeks hypoxic challenge, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were evaluated by a right cardiac catheterization procedure. Mean systemic artery pressure (mSAP) was measured. The ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricular plus septal mass [RV/(LV+S)] was detected.Results sPAP, mPAP and RV/(LV+S) significantly increased in hypoxic rats compared with controls ( P

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of adrenomedullin (ADM) on the pulmonary vascular collagen metabolism in hypoxic rats in order to study the effect of ADM on chronic hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling and its possible mechanism.

METHODSNineteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (n=6), hypoxia (n=7) and ADM-treated hypoxia (n=6). ADM was subcutaneously administered into rats of the ADM-treated hypoxia group by mini-osmotic pump (300 ng/h) for two weeks. After two weeks of hypoxic challenge, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was evaluated using a right cardiac catheterization procedure. The ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricular plus septal mass[RV/ (LV+S)] was measured. The changes of pulmonary vascular microstructure were observed. Meanwhile, the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in pulmonary arteries were detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSmPAP and RV/(LV+S) increased significantly in the hypoxia group compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The muscularization of small pulmonary vessels and the relative medial thickness of pulmonary arteries increased obviously in the hypoxia group compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β of pulmonary arteries in the hypoxia group increased markedly compared with those in the normal control group. However, mPAP and RV/(LV+S) were significantly reduced in the ADM-treated hypoxia group compared with those in the hypoxia group (P<0.01). ADM ameliorated pulmonary vascular structural remodeling of hypoxic rats, with a decrease in the expression of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β of pulmonary arteries.

CONCLUSIONSADM might play a regulatory role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling, through inhibiting the expression of TGF-β and alleviating the collagen accumulation of pulmonary arteries.

Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; physiology

Objective To investigate the changes of hydrogen sulfide (H_2S) level in plasma in order to explore the role of H_2S in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods There were 9 CHD patients and 9 normal children in this study. The plasma concentration of H_2S and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of each child were measured. Meanwhile, the relationship between H_2S level and PAP was analyzed.Results The plasma level of H_2S in the group of CHD significantly decreased compared with control group (32.13?2.25) ?mol/L vs [(43.69?2.05)?mol/L, P

OBJECTIVEThe mechanism of high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20-peptide (PAMP) on pulmonary hypertension, through examining the alterations of pulmonary PAMP expression and plasma PAMP concentration in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.

METHODSSixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (n=8) and shunt groups (n=8). Aortocaval shunting was produced in the shunt group. After 11 weeks of shunting, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (dPAP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were evaluated by using a right cardiac catheterization procedure. The ultrastructural changes in intra-acinar pulmonary arteries were observed. The concentration of plasma PAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression of PAMP in pulmonary arteries was detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSsPAP, dPAP and mPAP were significantly increased in shunt rats compared with controls (P < 0.01). Ultrastructural changes, such as hyperplasia and swelling of endothelial cells, irregularity of internal elastic laminar, and hypertrophy and increased number of synthetic phenotype of smooth muscle cells, were found in intra-acinar pulmonary muscularized arteries in the shunt group. Plasma PAMP concentration (616 +/- 195 pg /mL vs 427 +/- 90 pg /mL) and PAMP expression in endothelial cells (0.62 +/- 0.09 vs 0.38 +/- 0.12) and in smooth muscle cells (0.24 +/- 0.07 vs 0.14 +/- 0.05) of pulmonary arteries increased significantly in the shut group compared with controls.

CONCLUSIONSThe up-regulation of pulmonary and plasm PAMP expression might be involved in the development of high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Adrenomedullin ; blood ; genetics ; Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; ultrastructure ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDHypertension is a common disease of the cardiovascular system. So far, the pathogenesis of primary hypertension remains unclear. The elaboration of its pathogenesis is an important topic in the field which calls for urgent resolution. The aim of this study was to probe into the metabolic imbalance of homocysteine (Hcy) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in children with essential hypertension, and its significance in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

METHODSTwenty-five children with essential hypertension and 30 healthy children with normal blood pressure were enrolled in the study. The medical history was investigated and a physical examination was conducted on the subjects. Plasma Hcy content was examined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The plasma H(2)S level was detected by a modified method with a sulfide electrode. Data were presented as mean +/- standard deviation. The t test was applied to the mean values of both groups. Pearson linear correlation analysis was applied to the plasma Hcy and H(2)S as well as to the systolic pressure against the plasma H(2)S/Hcy ratio.

RESULTSPlasma Hcy, an intermittent metabolite of the endogenous methionine pathway, was markedly increased but plasma H(2)S, a final product of this pathway was significantly decreased in hypertensive cases when compared with normal subjects ((Hcy: (12.68 +/- 9.69) micromol/L vs (6.62 +/- 4.79) micromol/L (t = 2.996, P < 0.01); H(2)S: (51.93 +/- 6.01) micromol/L vs (65.70 +/- 5.50) micromol/L) (t = -8.670, P < 0.01)). The ratio of plasma H(2)S/Hcy in children with hypertension was 5.83 +/- 2.91, while that of the control group was 11.60 +/- 3.30, and the difference is significant with a t = -6.610 and P < 0.01. A negative correlation existed between plasma Hcy and H(2)S concentrations, r = -0.379, P < 0.05. And a negative correlation was found between systolic blood pressure and the plasma H(2)S/Hcy ratio, r = -0.687, P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONThere was a metabolic imbalance of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide in essential hypertensive children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Homocysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Hypertension ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Systole

OBJECTIVETo explore a new access for internal rigid fixation of mandibular mid-and-low condylar fracture.

METHODS16 patients of unilateral mid-and-low condylar fractures were treated with a 2cm mini-retromandibular approach. The subcutaneous tissues superficial to the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) were dissected forward that parallel to the masseter muscle fiber bundles, aiming to the fracture. After exposing the fracture, the fracture segments were reduced and fixed under sufficient exposure.

RESULTSCorrect anatomic reduction and occlusion were achieved in all cases. Additionally, all patients showed normal articular function and the surgical scars were barely visible.

CONCLUSIONThe transmasseter approach by retromandibular access is one of the feasible methods for curing mid-and-low condylar fracture, which minimizeing the risk of facial nerve injury and reducing the visible scars.

Adult ; Dental Occlusion ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mandibular Fractures ; Masseter Muscle ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes of acute respiratory distress (ARDS) after thoracotomy and to find out the measures to prevent ARDS.

METHODSThe characteristics of incidence, pathogenicity and treatment of ARDS after thoracotomy in 31 patients were analysed.

RESULTSThe patients who had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, long history of smoking, hypertension were prone to ARDS. Injury to lung in operation, shock and pulmonary infection probably caused ARDS. Clearing away respiratory tract secretion, preserving of a clear airway, controlling pulmonary infection, alleviating pneumonedema by diuresis, early executing tracheotomy or mechanic assistant ventilation by tracheointubation were keys to rescuing patients successfully.

CONCLUSIONSIt is suggested that multi factors were related to ARDS after thoracotomy. Shock, injury to lung in operation, pulmonary infection, are important factors that lead to post-operative ARDS after thoracotomy. Early treatment can reduce mortality of ARDS.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Thoracotomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo measure the range of plasma hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in children.

METHODSTotally 200 healthy children were classified into 4 groups based on age and sex: 7-14 years old group (n = 75, 43 boys and 32 girls), 15-19 years old group (n = 125, 64 boys and 61 girls). Plasma H2S level was detected by a modified sulfide electrode-based method.

RESULTSPlasma H2 S levels were (52.2181 +/- 17.9400) micromol/L in 7-14 years old boys, (51.9441 +/- 16.5448) micromol/L in 7-14 years old girls, (52.8771 +/- 14.1444) micromol/L in 15-19 years old boys, and (53.6551 +/- 14.5563) micromol/L in 15-19 years old girls (P > 0.05). In summary, the range of plasma H2S in children was about (52.8234 +/- 15.4339) micromol/L.

CONCLUSIONThe range of plasma H2S in children is about (52.8234 +/- 15.4339) micromol/L.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Blood Gas Analysis ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; blood ; Male ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo review the 2461 cases of maxillofacial fractures.

METHODSFrom 2003 to 2009, 2461 maxillofacial fracture cases were treated in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Data regarding sex, age, cause of injury, occupation, geographic distribution, blood type, fracture site, multiple associated injuries, injury severity, the patient's first admitted department, treatment results were reviewed.

RESULTSThe male and female ratio was 4.28:1, 1424(57.86 %) patients were between 20 and 40 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accident (938 cases, 40.98%). People in tertiary industry (900 cases, 78.53%) were most vulnerable to injuries. The zygomatic complex (22.08%), nasal bone (20.67%) and mandible (16.35%) were the most frequent fracture sites, which were often associated with skull (21.74%), brain (38.36%) and soft tissue contusion injury (48.84%). 85.98% (2116/2461 cases), of patients' AIS score was less than 2. Orthopaedics (939/2461 cases, 38.16%) was the first admitted department.

CONCLUSIONSThe traffic accidents are the main cause of the maxillofacial fractures. Most injuries are found in the young and middle-aged people.

Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mandibular Fractures ; epidemiology ; etiology ; surgery ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Bone ; injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Skull Fractures ; epidemiology ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult ; Zygomatic Fractures ; epidemiology ; etiology ; surgery