Objective:To observe the image characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. Thirty-two eyes of 19 patients diagnosed with PVRL by vitreous pathology in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2016 to October 2019 were included in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females. The median age was 56 years. The mean time from symptom onset to final diagnosis was 6.1±3.8 months. The first diagnosis was uveitis in 12 cases (63.1%, 12/19), retinal vein occlusion in 2 cases (10.5%, 2/19), central retinal artery occlusion in 1 case (5.3%, 1/19), and suspected PVRL of camouflage syndrome in 4 cases (21.1%, 4/19). Routine ophthalmic examination and frequency-domain OCT examination were performed in all the patients, and typical images were stored for analysis. According to the examination results, PVRL OCT signs were divided into vitreous cells, inner retinal infiltration, outer retinal infiltration, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) infiltration, sub-RPE infiltration, and subretinal fluid.Results:Vitreous cells were found in all eyes (100.0%, 32/32). RPE infiltrated were observed in 19 eyes (59.4%, 19/32), RPE infiltration in 16 eyes (50.0%, 16/32), outer retinal infiltration in 8 eyes (25.0%, 8/32), inner retinal infiltration in 16 eyes (50.0%, 16/32), and subretinal fluid in 4 eyes (12.5%, 4/32).Conclusions:PVRL OCT signs can involve vitreous and retinal anatomical levels, including vitreous cells, inner retinal infiltration, outer retinal infiltration, RPE infiltration, sub-RPE infiltration and subretinal fluid. The same patient can show multiple signs at the same time.

Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Diet, High-Fat ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDPulmonary embolism (PE) is rare and seldom considered in adolescent patients; however it occurs with a greater frequency than is generally recognized, and it is a potentially fatal condition. The aim of the current study was to understand its epidemiology, clinical features and the cause of delay of its diagnosis in adolescents.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of nine adolescents with acute PE admitted to the Peking University Third Hospital over the past 16-year period was performed. The epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors of the adolescents were described and compared with those of adults and elderly patients. The time to diagnosis and misdiagnosed diseases were analyzed. Pretest probability of PE was assessed retrospectively by the Wells score and revised Geneva score.

RESULTSThe incidence of PE was 43.6 per 100 000 hospitalized adolescents in our hospital. The incidence of PE in adolescents was much lower than that in adults and PE is diagnosed in about 1/50 of elderly people. The clinical features in adolescents were similar to those in adults. But fever and chest pain were more common in adolescents (P < 0.05). The major risk factors included surgery, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thrombocytopenia, long-term oral glucocorticoids and trauma. The mean diagnostic time was (7.8 ± 8.4) days. Six cases had a delayed diagnosis. The mean delay time from symptom onset to diagnosis was (11.0 ± 8.8) days. The time of presentation to diagnosis in patients initially admitted to the emergency department was less than one day, and was much shorter than the time in outpatients, (9.4 ± 7.5) days. Most of the patients were initially misdiagnosed with a respiratory tract infection. Most patients' values of Wells score or revised Geneva score were in the moderate or high clinical probability categories; 88% by Well score vs. 100% by revised Geneva score.

CONCLUSIONSPE was seldom considered in the adolescent patients by physicians, especially outpatient physicians, so the diagnosis was often delayed. If adolescent patients complain of dyspnea or chest pain or syncope with/without fever, and they had risk factors such as surgery, thrombocytopenia and trauma, PE should be considered and included in the differential diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Probability ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of the extracts from Decoction for resuscitation (DRE) and its component herbs on prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia.

METHODAfter treatment with the extracts from DRE and its component herbs, the contents of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as nitrite (NO), which were degradation products of PGI2, TXA2 and NO respectively, in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia were measured with radioimmunoassay and Griess Reaction.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the results indicated that DRE, prepared licorice root extract (LE), dried ginger extract (GE), aconite root extract (AE), extracts of aconite root and prepared licorice root (ALE), extracts of aconite root and dried ginger (AGE) increased significantly the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2, but had no effect on the content of TXB2 in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. The content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in the DRE group was higher than that in the groups of LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE. Compared with the control group, DRE, LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE increased significantly the content of NO2- in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. Moreover, the content of NO2- in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that DRE increased significantly the content of PGI2 and the ratio of PGI2/TXA2 as well as the content of NO. The effect of DRE on the parameters in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia was better than that of the extracts from its component herbs.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; cytology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo assess the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS-A).

METHODSBSHS-A was translated into Chinese and revised. Eighty-two former burn patients discharged from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, and now in rehabilitation stage, were surveyed with the Chinese version of BSHS-A according to the simple random sampling. The psychometric properties of the scale, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity and discriminant validity, were analyzed.

RESULTSOne hundred and sixty-seven scales were sent to 82 participants and all of them were completed and returned. The rate of eligible questionnaire was 98.2% after eliminating 3 ineligible questionnaires. The Crobach's alpha coefficient of total score of questionnaire was 0.97, and in all domains and sub-domains ranged from 0.83 to 0.96. The test-retest coefficients from 20 participants retested within one week were between 0.74 and 0.98 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Forty-eight participants surveyed within 6 months after burn were divided into mild/moderate burn group and severe burn group. The total scores of questionnaire, scores in all domains and sub-domains of patients in the latter group were lower than those in the former group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe Chinese version of BSHS-A shows satisfactory reliability and validity, and it can be used to investigate quality of life of Chinese burn patients in rehabilitation stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin ( CUR) combined with cytarabine( Ara-C) on the pro-liferation and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leuke-mia cell line KG1a and its relationship with autophagy. Methods The optimal combination concentration of curcumin and cytarabine was screened by MTT method and the combined effects were detected. The effects of CUR and Ara-C on the proliferation, autophagy, apop-tosis and cycle of KG1a cells were analyzed. Results Both CUR and Ara-C significantly inhibited the prolif-eration of KG1a cells ( P<0.05) , and showed a dose-and time-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of cells treated with 40 μmol·L-1CUR and 0.5 μmol· L-1 Ara-C was significantly higher than that of the other doses alone. The survival rate of cells pretreated with 3-MA was significantly decreased ( P <0.05 ) . Auto-phagic vacuoles was observed in cells with Acridine or-ange staining methods, the expression rate of the com-bination group was higher than the single group, and can be inhibited by 3-MA. The apoptosis rate of the combined group was higher than that of the single group. The apoptosis rate of the 3-MA pretreatment group was higher than that of the single group ( P <0.05). Cell numbers of the G0/G1 phase were signifi-cantly more than the S phase. The expression of caspase-3, LC3 and Beclin-1 were up-regulated while the Bcl-2 was down-regulated(P<0.05). The protein level of caspase-3 and Beclin-1 of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the single group ( P <0.05 ) , and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰwas increased. The Beclin-1 expression and caspase-3 expression in 3-MA pretreatment group decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Curcumin can induce autoph-agy and apoptosis of KG1a cells and increase the sensi-tivity of leukemic cells to cytarabine. Autophagy inhib-itor 3-MA can not only inhibit the autophagy but also promote apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility and efficiency of eliciting leukemia-specific T cell responses in acute myeloid leukemia patients in complete remission (AML-CR) in vitro by dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with the leukemia cells total RNA.

METHODSThe immature DCs were generated from the adherent bone marrow mononuclear cell in vitro in the presence of combined cytokines (GM-CSF 100 ng/ml, IL-4 500 U/ml), and pulsed with total RNA isolated from autologous leukemic cells by cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethyl ammonium propane (DOTAP) at day 5 of culture. Then the cells were incubated for another 24 h in a medium containing 10 ng/ml of TNF-alpha for maturation of DC. After the total 7 days culture, the cells were harvested as the mRNA-DC and the expression of mature DC markers were determined by FACS. The proliferative capacity of T cell activated by mRNA-DC was determined by MTT assay. Meanwhile, the mRNA-DC was co-cultured with T lymphocytes at a ratio of 1:3 for 7 days. The activated T lymphocytes were harvested, the secretion of IFN-gamma was determined by ELISPOT assay, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed in vitro by LDH release assay.

RESULTSAfter culture, the BMMNC from 14 AML-CR patients developed morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of mature DC. At a stimulator/reactor ratio of 1:16, auto-T lymphocytes primed with mRNA-DC exhibited significant proliferative activity compared with T lymphocyte primed with non-pulsed DC [(36.84 +/- 5.68)% vs (12.20 +/- 3.16)%, (P < 0.05)]. An expansion of mRNA reacted T cell secreting IFN-gamma could be observed on ELISPOT assay. At an effector/target ratio of 20:1, the auto-T lymphocytes primed with mRNA-DC exhibited significant killing activity to auto-AML cells (45.46 +/- 6.34 )% as compared with that stimulated by IL-2 alone (13.26 +/- 2.28)% or primed by non-pulsed DC (12.32 +/- 1.32)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONImmunization with DC-leukemia cell RNA vaccines may be a simple, rapid and potent approach to elicitation of T cell-mediated anti-leukemia immunity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Communication ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA ; pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of different altitudes on telomere length of rat peripheral blood leukocyte and possible mechanism. Sixty male rats were randomly divided into three groups, lower altitude control group (10 m), moderate altitude group (2 260 m) and very high altitude group (simulated 5 000 m). The moderate altitude group and very high altitude group rats were transported to Xining and hypobaric chamber in Qinghai University, respectively. The peripheral blood specimens were extracted 30 d after the transportation. By means of real-time PCR, automatic blood cell analyzer, ELISA, TBA and WST-1 methods, the telomere lengths of blood leukocyte, the hemoglobin (Hb) contents, the plasma levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the plasma content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, respectively. The results showed that the telomere lengths of peripheral blood leukocyte in moderate altitude group were longer than those in control group and very high altitude group. The changes of TERT were compatible with the telomere length of peripheral blood leukocyte under different altitudes. The levels of HIF-1α in moderate altitude group and very high altitude group were higher than that of control group. The very high altitude group showed decreased SOD activities and increased level of MDA, compared with the other two groups. These results suggest that the telomere lengths of rat peripheral blood leukocyte in moderate altitude are elongated, and that the telomere-elongating effect is lost under very high altitude. The changes of HIF-1α, TERT and oxidative stress damage are the main mechanisms of telomere length changes. Moderate altitude living might be beneficial to increasing the life span in mammals.
Altitude ; Animals ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; blood ; Leukocytes ; physiology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; blood ; Telomere ; physiology

AIM: To observe the anti-oxidative activity and adverse laxative effect of raw, traditional processed and fermented products of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), and furthermore, to evaluate the fermentation method used in the processing procedure of PMR. METHODS: In vitro ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was carried out to evaluate the anti-oxidative activity. Modulation of normal defecation and effect on gastrointestinal motility in mice were carried out to investigate their adverse laxative effect. RESULTS: Fermented PMR induced less severe laxative adverse effect than Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP). PMR fermented with Rhizopus sp. (FB) could modulate the defecation significantly. The gastrointestinal motility was inhibited by PMRP and PMR fermented with Rhizopus oryzae (FA). FA and FB showed better antioxidant activity than PMRP in 50% and 95% ethanol group. Contents of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) were reduced significantly after traditional processing but maintained after fermentation. Emodin and physcion were increased after traditional processing and fermented with Rhizopus oryzae. CONCLUSION All processing procedure, including fermentation, might reduce its anti-oxidative activity. However, most of the processed products could lessen the adverse effect on gastrointestinal tract compared to PMR. Fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae was considered as a promising processing method of PMR.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Defecation ; drug effects ; Emodin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fermentation ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; Laxatives ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Rhizopus

Objective To clarify the responsibilities and influencing factors of infection control liaison nurses(ICLNs)in general hospitals.Methods Relevant databases were systematically retrieved with scoping review method from establishment to March 18,2023,and the included literatures were reported standardizedly.Results A total of 36 literatures were included in the analysis.Responsibilities of ICLNs included admittance criteria,selec-tion methods,and job responsibilities.Influencing factors of ICLNs included training,empowerment,performance evaluation,continuous improvement measures,and personnel allocation.After the establishment of ICLNs,inci-dence of healthcare-associated infection and detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms were reduced,compli-ance rate of health care workers'hand hygiene and monitoring rate of hospital environment were improved,and the cleaning and disinfection of hospital environment was standardized.Conclusion ICLNs play a role in preventing and controlling the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection.The management and application should be further standardized and improved,the effectiveness of ICLNs needs to be thoroughly studied,so as to promote the deve-lopment of ICLNs,and improve the quality of healthcare-associated infection management.