AIM: To explore the factors and analyze the occurrence of neovascular glaucoma(NVG)after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS:Retrospective analysis on the clinical materials from January 2013 to December 2017, including 233 PDR patients(237 eyes)treated with vitrectomy in which 20 patients(20 eyes)occurred NVG after vitrectomy surgeries. The factors might lead to NVG were investigated.

RESULTS: Totally 20 patients(20 eyes)developed NVG, in which there were 12 eyes combined with cataract surgeries, of the 12 eyes, 6 eyes had posterior lens capsule deficiency; 14 eyes complicated with hypertensions; 16 eyes complicated with hyperlipoidemia; 6 eyes had reoperations of vitrectomy surgeries; 2 eyes were silicone oil-filled eyes or silicone oil-removed eyes. There were correlations between the combinations of the cataract surgeries, posterior lens capsule deficiency, and vitrectomy with the occurrences of NVG after PDR surgeries; vitreous silicone oil filling might inhibit the occurrence of NVG to a certain extent. There was no statistical significance in hypertensions, high plasma lipids and reoperations of vitrectomy surgery for occurrence of NVG after PDR surgery.

CONCLUSION: There is positive significance in correctly grasping the timing of lens surgery, and properly selecting the vitreous cavity filler.

· AIM:To evaluate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of dry eye effect in the past five years by using meta analysis method.· METHODS:According to the Cochrane evaluation system method,we searched Medline (January 2013 to October 2017),EMbase (2013-2017),Cochrane Library (2017),Wanfang database (2013-2017),VIP (2013-2017),and CNKI(2013-2017) for studies published.We included randomized controlled trials conducted the TCM in the treatment of dry eye.RevMan 5.0 statistical software data extraction and Meta analysis were conducted.· RESULTS:A total of 10 studies were identified,nine were from Chinese literature and one was from English literature,of which including 1 229 eyes.Nine of these studies performed BUT measurements at the end of the course of treatment.The results showed a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.00001).Nine studies performed tear flow measurements at the end of the course of treatment and the results showed a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.0001).Two studies performed FL measurements after the end of the course of treatment;the results showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.25).Three studies performed dry eye symptoms after the end of the course of treatment;the results showed that the differences were statistically significant (P=0.0003);the overall efficacy comparison,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.00001).· CONCLUSION:TCM treatment can significantly prolong BUT and increase tear flow,and has more advantages in the treatment of dry eye.

Objective To observe the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the unstable plaque of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS),and the impact of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on the EMMPRIN expression in macrophages.Methods The EMMPRIN expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 11 unstable plaques from patients with ACS.Protein expression of EMMPRIN was evaluated by Western blot on macrophages differentiated from THP-1 which were stimulated with LTB4 in the absence or presence of LTB4 antagonist U75302.There are 8 study groups:1-THP-1,2 -8-the macrophages derived from THP-1,2 - 6- macrophages were stimulated by LTB4 (0,10-10,10-9,10-8 and 10-7mol/L) for 24 h,7 -8-the macrophages were pretreated by 10-6 mol/L or 10-7 mol/L U75302 2 h before the LTB4 ( 10-7 mol/L) stimulation.Results Abundant EMMPRIN expression was detected in macrophages and smooth muscle cells of unstable plaques from ACS patients.As to the THP-1 derived macrophages,EMMPRIN expression was significantly upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in LTB4 stimulated groups,which was significantly higher in group 3 -6 than in the THP-1 group ( group 1 ) and macrophages group ( group 2 ) ( all P ＜ 0.05 ) and pretreatment with U75302 significantly reduced the LTB4 induced upregulation of EMMPRIN in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EMMPRIN expression is enhanced in macrophages and smooth muscle cells on unstable coronary artery plaques from ACS patients.LTB4 could stimulate EMMPRIN expression on THP-1 derived macrophages suggesting that LTB4 and EMMPRIN might be both involved in the formation and progression of unstable plaques,future studies are warranted to explore if LTB4 and EMMPRIN antagonists are effective or not for treating patients with ACS.

To explore the biofilm inhibitory efficacy of perifosine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginos) and its mechanisms. Twenty-fourwell plate was used to form biofilms at the bottom and crystal violet staining was used to determine the biofilm inhibitory effects of perifosine against P. aeruginosa, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Glass tubes combined with crystal violet staining was used to detect the gas-liqud interface related bioiflm inhibitory effects of perifosine, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Time-growth curved was used to detect the effects of perifosine on the bacteial planktonic cells growth of P. aeruginosa, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. The interaction model between perifosine and PqsE was assessed by molecular docking assay. The inhibitory effects of perifosine on the catalytic activity of PqsE was determined by detection the production of thiols, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Binding affinity between perifosine and PqsE was detected by plasma surface resonance. The biofims at the bottom of the microplates and air-liquid interface were effectively inhibited by perifosine at the concentration of 4-8 μg/ml. There was no influence of perifosine on the cells growth of P. aeruginosa. The resuts of molecular docking assay indicates that perifosine could interacted with PqsE with the docking score of -10.67 kcal/mol. Perifosine could inhibit the catalytic activity of PqsE in a dose-dependent manner. The binding affinity between perifosine and PqsE was comfirmed by plasma surface resonance with KD of 6.65×10^-5mol/L. Perifosine could inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa by interacting with PqsE.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism* ; Biofilms ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphorylcholine/analogs & derivatives* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism* ; Quorum Sensing

Mycoplasma infection is the most prevalent contamination in cell culture. Analysis of cell culture in laboratories from different countries shows that mycoplasma contamination ranges from 15% to 80% and, in some cases, even reaches 100% (Chernov et al., 2014). Whilst mycoplasma infection is not visible to the naked eye in cell culture, the consequences of mycoplasma contamination have been shown to induce a number of cellular changes, for example, increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, any results obtained from tissue culture studies, in the presence of mycoplasma contamination, potentially render the data invalid (Kim et al., 2015; Gedye et al., 2016). As such, mycoplasmas are not harmless bystanders and cannot be ignored in in vitro studies.
Arginine/pharmacology* ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mycoplasma/isolation & purification* ; Plasmids ; Transfection

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of glucose metabolism disorders on the short-term prognosis in neonates with asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the neonates with asphyxia who were admitted to 52 hospitals in Hubei Province of China from January to December, 2018 and had blood glucose data within 12 hours after birth. Their blood glucose data at 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after birth (with an allowable time error of 0.5 hour) were recorded. According to the presence or absence of brain injury and/or death during hospitalization, the neonates were divided into a poor prognosis group with 693 neonates and a good prognosis group with 779 neonates. The two groups were compared in the incidence of glucose metabolism disorders within 12 hours after birth and short-term prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly higher proportion of neonates from secondary hospitals (48.5% vs 42.6%, CONCLUSIONS Recurrent hyperglycemia in neonates with asphyxia may suggest poor short-term prognosis, and it is necessary to strengthen the early monitoring and management of the nervous system in such neonates.
Asphyxia ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Human carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 and 2(hOCTN1 and hOCTN2) mediate transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The present study aimed to establish cell models with stable expression of hOCTN1 or hOCTN2 to study interactions with compounds and transporters. MDCK cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid vector containing hOCTN1 or hOCTN2(pcDNA3.1(+)-hOCTN1/2), several stable transfected clones were obtained after G418 screening. hOCTN1 and hOCTN2 clones were screened with ergothioneine and mildronate respectively as substrates to identify the best candidates. We explored interactions of endogenous substances, alkaloids, flavonoids and ACEIs with hOCTN1/2. As a result, the cellular accumulation of ergothioneine in MDCK-hOCTN1 or mildronate in MDCK-hOCTN2 was 122 and 108 folds of the control cells, respectively. The kinetic parameters, K_m and V_max of ergothioneine, mediated by MDCK-hOCTN1, were 8.19±0.61 μmol·L^-1 and 1427±49 pmol·mg^-1(protein)·min^-1; while K_m and V_max of mildronate by MDCKhOCTN2 were 52.3±4.3 μmol·L^-1 and 2454±64 pmol·mg^-1(protein)·min^-1. Dopamine, glutamine, piperine, berberine, nuciferine, lisinopril and fosinopril could inhibit ergothioneine or mildronate uptake by MDCKhOCTN1/2. In conclusion, cell models with good stable hOCTN1 and hOCTN2 functions have been established successfully, which can be applied to the study of interactions between compounds and transporters of hOCTN1 and hOCTN2.