Objective To analyze the correlations of the expressions of miR-4500 and nerve growth factor(NGF)in breast cancer patients with preoperative magnetic resonance(MR)signs.Methods A total of 105 patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital were selected,the mRNA expression levels of miR-4500 and NGF in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients were detected by qRT-PCR,and the positive expression rates of NGF in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry method.The correlations of the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF in breast cancer tissues with clinicopathological features and MR signs of patients were analyzed.The targeting relationship between miR-4500 and NGF was predicted by the bioinformatics website,and the correla-tion between the expressions of the two was analyzed.Results Compared with the adjacent tissues,the expression level of miR-4500 in breast cancer tissue decreased(P<0.05),while the level of NGF mRNA and the positive expression rate of NGF increased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in age,pathological type,tumor classification,parenchymal background,apparent diffusion coefficient or enhancement curve among different expressions of miR-4500 and NGF(P>0.05).The histological grade,lymph node metastasis,tumor diameter,tumor morphology,ring-like enhancement,and peritu-moral brain edema were related to the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF(P<0.05).The bioinformatics website prediction showed that miR-4500 and NGF had binding sites,and the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF mRNA in breast cancer tissues were negatively correlated(r=-0.576,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of miR-4500 in breast cancer tissue is low,and the expression of NGF is high,which are correlated with the preoperative MR signs in patients,providing a molecu-lar basis for MR signs.

Objective To evaluate the effects of water body environments on the microbial community of Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshlands of the eastern Dongting Lake where natural extinction of O. hupensis snails are found, so as to explore the correlation between the natural extinction of O. hupensis snails and the microbial community in snails. Methods Snails were caged water bodies in the Qianliang Lake marshland (Qianliang Lake regions) where natural extinction of snails was found and in the Junshan Park marshland (Junshan Park regions) in the eastern Dongting Lake for 30 days, and then all snails were collected and identified for survival or death. DNA sequencing of the fungi and bacteria was performed in snails before and after immersion in waters, and the biodiversity and abundance were analyzed. Results The survival rates of O. hupensis snails were 28.0% (70/250) and 64.8% (162/250) in Qianliang Lake regions and Junshan Park regions 30 days after immersion in waters, respectively (χ² = 81.365, P < 0.01). The number of the fungal community and the biodiversity of the bacterial community were both greater in snails caged in Qianliang Lake regions post-immersion than pre-immersion, and there was a significant difference in the structure of the fungal and bacterial communities. The microbial community with a significant difference included Flavobacteriaceae,which was harmful to O. hupensis snails. Conclusion The water body environment affects the composition of the microbial community in O. hupensis snails in marshlands with natural snail distinction around the eastern Dongting Lake; however, further studies are required to investigate whether the natural distinction of snails is caused by water body environments-induced changes of the microbial spectrum in O. hupensis snails.

Objective To investigate the reasons of natural extinction of Oncomelania hupensis snails by comparing the difference of the water chemical properties between the snail-breeding marshland and non-snail marshland in Eastern Dongting Lake areas. Methods Three adjoining marshlands in Eastern Dongting Lake areas were selected, one was a snail-breeding marshland, the second was a non-snail marshland, and the third was a boundary zone between them. During the periods of water-rising season, wet season and water-falling season, the water samples from the bottom of 0.5 m were collected by the systematic random sampling method (200 m × 200 m grid method). In addition, the water samples below the surface of 0.5 m were also collected in the wet season. The physicochemical indexes of the sampling water were detected. Results According to the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838–2002), the water quality indicators which were less than the detection limit were Cr, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, S－ and CN－ during the three sampling seasons. The pollutants which were slightly higher than Grade III but lower than Grade IV (Hg ≤ 1 μg/L, TP ≤ 0.1 mg/L) were Hg and TP. The pollutants below the Grade III included As and F－. The temperature and pH values were within the Grade III. The oxygen consumption indicators covering DO, COD and BOD in the water-rising season and wet season were within the Grade III, while the value of BOD was beyond the scope of Grade III but was between Grade Ⅳ (≤ 6 mg/L) and Grade V (≤ 10 mg/L) in the water-falling season. The differences of the water pollution indexes between the snail-breeding marshland and non-snail marshland were statistically significant, and these indexes included F－, As and pH in the water-rising season (P < 0.05); pH, BOD and Fat the surface layer in the wet season (P < 0.05); F－ at the bottom in the wet season (P < 0.05); TP and F－ in the water-falling season. Moreover, the above-mentioned indexes in the non-snail marshland of Qianliang Lake were higher than those in the snail-breeding marshland of Junshan Park. Thus, F－ was the only index which had statistical differences in every sampling season, and the concentration of F－ at the non-snail marshland was also higher than that at the snail-breeding marshland. In the water-rising season, the pH value at the non-snail marshland exceeded the suitable range for the growth of snails (6.8 to 7.8). Conclusion In the Eastern Dongting Lake area, the high concentration of F－ and pH of water may be responsible for the natural extinction of O. hupensis snails.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tongsaimai (TSM) tablets in treating foot trauma of diabetic foot (DF) model rats, and discuss its potential mechanism.

METHODMale SD rats were selected to duplicate the diabetic foot ulcer model and randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the metformin treatment group, and TSM 12.44, 6.22, 3.11 g x kg(-1) groups (n = 10). The healing of ulcer wounds were observed on day 1, 4, 8, 13 and 18. After 18 days, a histopathologic examination was conducted for ulcer tissues. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by hydroxylamine and TBA methods. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined with the radioimmunoassay. The immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ulcer tissues and the number of capillary vessels.

RESULTTSM could alleviate the pathological changes of diabetic foot rats, accelerate the ulcer healing on 4, 8, 13, 18 d, reduce MDA, IL-6, TNF-alpha, VEGF content in rat serum at 18 d (after the rehabilitation period), and enhance the SOD content. Specifically, the TSM 12.44 g x kg(-1) group showed significant differences compared with the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). At 18 d after the treatment (the late rehabilitation period), the VEGF expression of TSM 12.44, 6.22 g x kg(-1) groups and the number of blood capillaries of the TSM 12.44 g x kg(-1) group were significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTSM could promote the foot wound healing of DF model rats, reduce MDA, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in serum, increase the SOD content and decrease the VEGF expression and the number of blood capillaries in the late rehabilitation period. Its action mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress injury and the inflammatory cell infiltration.

Animals ; Diabetic Foot ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Objective To explore the methods of improving emergency treatment skills of new nurses.Methods Totals of 40 new nurses adopted individual assessment of traditional aid skills in 2010 as control group,and 56 new nurses in 2011 adopted the training model of individual assessment of traditional aid skills combined with specialist first aid melodrama competition as experimental group.The effect was compared between the two groups.Results Independent induction time of new nurses was (12.00 ± 0.43) weeks in the control group,and (11.00 ± 0.87) weeks in the experimental group,and the difference was statistically significant(t =6.70,P ＜0.01).The satisfaction of the medical staff to new nurses was 88.34％ in the control group,and 96.60％ in the experimental group,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =137.33,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The training model of individual assessment of traditional aid skills combined with specialist first aid melodrama competition is effective way to improve emergency treatment skills of new nurses.

Objective To explore the application of the ‘whole course ’ teaching model in the training of Nursing Students on the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse .Methods Fourty-five nursing students from the Class of 2011 were selected as control group , with the conventional clinical teaching methods; and fourty-eight ‘order-type’ nursing students from the Class of 2012 were selected as experimental group , with the‘whole course ’ teaching model based on the training of the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse by analyzing the present situation of nursing licensing examination , relying on the support from the Dean Fund Project and carrying out the teaching reform .The pass rate in the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse and the induction time taken to work independently were compared between the two groups .Results The pass rate in the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse was 91.11% in the control group of nursing students , and 100 .00% in the experimental group of nursing students , the differences was statistically significant (χ2 =37.23, P<0.01).The induction time taken to work independently was (11.00 ±0.87) weeks in the control group of nursing students after being hired , which was ( 10.00 ±0.56 ) weeks in the research group , the differences was statistically significant (t =6.63, P <0.01).Conclusions In consideration of the new situation under which nursing students can take part in the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse in the year of graduating , the ‘whole course ’ teaching model during internship based on the combination of the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurse and clinical practice , can adapt the needs of high -quality nurses in the medical work , which reflecting a ‘win-win’ situation of teaching work .

Acupuncture Points ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Health Planning Guidelines ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To improve the pass rate of national nurse practitioner examination of nursing students.Methods Through the network assessment system for the three basic skills,nursing students were trained to conduct simulated practice for the examination.Results The pass rate was 98.38％ in 2011 through network training,higher than the rate of 91.66％ in 2010 through general training ( x2 =47.52,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The exercise of network training links finely to the nurse practitioner examination,which is convenience,concise and satisfactory.

Objective To find out the situation,level and obstacles of the scientific research of appointment system staff from different majors.Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 304 staff of appointment system.Questionnaire was evaluated by 5 specialists in nursing management and medical statistics.The validity coefficient was 0.85 and the Cronbach' s α was 0.83 tested from preliminary examination.The development of the scientific research (2 items),related behaviors (3 items),ability to apply scientific research tools (5 items ) and main obstacles (5 items ) were included in this questionnaire.Results 302 questionnaires were called back with the effective rate of 99.34％.The rate of medical staff who conducted scientific research was higher than that of other majors,and the differences were statistically significant (t =63.48,5.17,252.73,respectively; x2 =54.62,61.83,respectively; P＜0.01).The rate of medical,nursing and medical technology staff who applied research design and statistics were all lower than 40％,and the differences were not statistically significant ( x2 =4.44,5.73,respectively; P ＞ 0.05 ).Medical,nursing and medical technology staff's ability to select topics was respectively 90.62％,32.08％ and 69.23％,in which nursing staff was the worst,and the differences were statistically significant ( x2 =19.61,P ＜ 0.01 ).The main obstacles for nursing and medical technology staff were no pace-setters and leaders' indifference,which was statistically different from that of the medical staff (x2 =74.34,10.01,respectively;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hospitals should balance the scientific research activities between staff from different majors and train them with research design methods and statistic skills,in order to improve the scientific research environment for appointment system staff.

Objective To explore methods to improve new nurses' venipuncture skills.Methods Training plans were formulated by the training center.61 new nurses were trained by means of the combination of demonstration classroom centralized training and 2131 integrated training methods which contained 200 venous infusion,100 venous blood drawing,30 venous indwelling needles and 10 PICC maintenance.Results Success rate of new nurses' venipuncture was 88.52％ before training and 98.36％ after training,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 ＝ 51.07,P ＜ 0.01).Time of each patient completed the intravenous infusion was (5.52 ± 1.39) min before training and (4.48 ± 1.06) min after training,and the difference was statistically significant (t ＝ 4.65,P ＜ 0.01).Inpatients' satisfaction of new nurses' venipuncture skills was 85.93％ before training and 93.98％ after training,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 ＝176.34,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions 2131 integrated training is an effective way to improve new nurses'venipuncture skills rapidly in a short time.