OBJECTIVETo study the effect of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in treating hemorrhagic apoplexy at super-early stage in rats.

METHODSRat model of hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage was induced by collagenase method. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operated group, model group, PNS high, middle, and low dose group, 12 in each; 4 h after modeling, PNS or normal saline was intraperitoneally injected into the rats every 12 h, the total is 5 times. Contents of water, sodium and potassium ion in brain, and the diameter of hematoma in rats of different groups were measured 24 h and 72 h after modeling.

RESULTSCompared with the model rats, nerve defect symptoms aggravated, the contents of water and sodium ion in ipsilateral cortex and basal ganglia were significantly higher, the content of potassium ion was lower and the hematoma diameter was obviously less in the PNS-treated rats (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPNS may worsen the brain edema and increase the nerve defect score when it was applied at the early stage of cerebral hemorrhage, but could promote the absorption of hematoma, indicating PNS should be used cautiously in treating patients with large amount of cerebral hemorrhage at super-early stage.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Gingko Biloba extract (GBE) on acute lung hemorrhage induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in newborn rats. Methods 1. Acute lung hemorrhage models were reproduced by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (5 mg/kg). 2. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,GBE groups (4 mg/kg,8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg) and LPS group 5 mg/kg. Results In group LPS, extensive lung hemorrhage was observed after 4 hours of injection . TNF - ? iung content was obvious in LPS group. The expression of lung nuclear factor(NF-kB )immunohistochemistry wasobvious. While the parameters were obviously attenuated by GBE before LPS. Conclusion GBE may be useful in the treatment of acute pulmonary inflammatory disease.

Objective To analyze the change of serum levels of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and C reactive protein (CRP) and their early diagnostic value in hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) complicating encephalitis .Methods One hundred and twenty cases of HFMD and 50 healthy children(healthy control group) served as the research subjects and the HFMD cases were divided into the common HFMD group (n=70) and HFMD complicating encephalitis group (n=50) according to the clinical manifesta‐tions .The enterovirus 71 (EV71) in throat swab was detected by quantitative PCR .The NSE and CRP levels were detected by en‐zyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,and white blood cell (WBC) count was measured by hematology analyzer .The NSE and CRP levels were compared and their diagnostic values were analyzed .Results The serum NSE and CRP levels in the HFMD complicating encephalitis group were higher than those in the HFMD common group and control group ,the differences were statis‐tically significant (P< 0 .05) ,and which in the EV71 positive group were significantly higher than those in the EV71 negative group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,but WBC count had no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) . The serum NSE level was positively correlated with the CRP level (r=0 .43 ,P<0 .01) .The area under ROC curves (AUC) and 95% CI of NSE and CRP were 0 .893(95% CI:0 .833 -0 .952) and 0 .867(95% CI:0 .799 -0 .934) ,the optimal operating points (OOP) were 11 .6 ng/mL and 14 .15 mg/L respectively ,the sensitivity and specificity of NSE and CRP for diagnosing HFMD com‐plicating encephalitis were 80 .0% ,86 .00% and 81 .4% ,78 .6% respectively ,while which of their combined detection were 88 .0%and 85 .7% ,AUC and 95% CI was 0 .927(95% CI:0 .845-0 .969) .Conclusion The NSE and CRP levels in children patients with early HFMD complicating encephalitis are significantly increased ,especially which in the patients with EV71 positive is more signif‐icant .The combined detection of serum NSE and CRP levels can be used as the early sensitive indicators for diagnosing HFMD complicating encephalitis .

Background:Gastric xanthelasma is a benign and uncommon lesion with unknown etiology. It has been noted thatatrophic gastritis is frequently seen in patients with gastric xanthelasma. Aims:To investigate the relationship betweengastric xanthelasma and atrophic gastritis and its clinical significance. Methods:A total of 10645 consecutive patients whohad undergone gastroscopy from Apr. 2015 to Mar. 2016 at the Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled andanalyzed retrospectively with respect to their demographic,clinical,endoscopic and histological features. Results:Theprevalence of gastric xanthelasma in patients recruited in this study was 2. 9％ . The mean age and prevalence of atrophicgastritis (47. 9％ vs. 16. 6％ )were significantly higher and the gastric atrophy was more severe in patients with gastricxanthelasma than those without (P all < 0. 001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥50 years(adjusted OR =1. 349,95％ CI:1. 042 ～ 1. 747,P = 0. 023)and atrophic gastritis (adjusted OR = 3. 892,95％ CI:3. 076 ～4. 924,P <0. 001)were independently related to the presence of gastric xanthelasma. Likewise,the prevalence ofgastric xanthelasma in patients with atrophic gastritis was significantly higher than those without (7. 9％ vs. 1. 8％ ,P <0. 001). Age- and sex-matched control analysis proved the correlation between gastric xanthelasma and atrophic gastritis(P <0. 001). In addition,multiple xanthelasma was more prevalent in gastric xanthelasma patients with atrophic gastritisthan those without (32. 0％ vs. 13. 8％ ,P <0. 001). Conclusions:Gastric xanthelasma is correlated with age and presenceand severity of atrophic gastritis. Atrophic gastritis might be one of the etiological factors of gastric xanthelasma,and gastricxanthelasma might be an atypical mucosal lesion caused by gastric atrophy.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study is to explore the effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity and diformability of rat red blood cells.

METHODSRats were divided into three group (n = 10): sedentary control (C), exhaustive running exercise (ERE) and moderate running exercise (MRE) groups. Animals in the ERE group started treadmill running at a speed of 20 m/min speed with a 5% gradient, and reached a speed of 25 m/min with gradient 15% in 20 min. Running was continued until exhaustion. MRE group rats running at a speed of 20 m/min with a 5% gradient for 40 min. The levels of free thiol in erythrocyte membrane protein, lipidperoxidation levels and membrane protein components were analyzed. The red blood cell deformability of different groups was also observed.

RESULTSThe results showed that red blood cells were damaged by severe oxidative stress and the anti-oxidative capacity decreased significantly under exhaustive exercise conditions. Besides, lipid peroxidation and protein sulfhydryl cross-link based clustering of membrane were found after exhaustive exercise, and polymers high molecular weight (HMW) was formed. The elongation index (EI) was found to decline significantly in the ERE group compared with the C and MRE groups under shear stress (control group, 0.41 +/- 0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571 +/- 0.008 at 30 Pa; ERE group, 0.314 +/- 0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534 +/- 0.009 at 30 Pa; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThese exercise-induced oxidative injure result in a significant decrease in deformability of rat erythrocytes, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the microcirculatory.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of chronic stress on the spatial learning-memory and the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) in different age mice.

METHODSThe chronic stress model mice in 21 days with multiple chronic unpredictable stressors were applied. The spontaneous behavior and spatial learning-memory ability of mice were tested, using Open field and Morris water maze task, and the expression of GDNF in HP and PFC were detected by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with young mice, the spontaneous behaviors were significantly decreased and the spatial learning-memory function were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in aged mice. The GDNF expression in the CA3, DG of HP and PFC were significantly reduced in aged mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After chronic stress, the spontaneous behaviors were remarkably decreased and the ability of spatial learning-memory of the stress group mice were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with those of the control group mice. The expression of GDNF in HP and PFC were remarkably reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in stress group mice. The aged stress mice had more serious changes after chronic stress.

CONCLUSIONThe brain aging and chronic stress in mice causes behavioral changes and the damage of spatial learning-memory function, and which may be nearly related to the expression of GDNF in HP and PFC.

Aging ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Cognition Disorders ; metabolism ; Female ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Stress, Physiological

C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Agmatine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Analgesia ; methods ; Animals ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects

AIM:To study the feasibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV)as a vector to transfer the green fluorescent protein(GFP)gene as a target gene into rabbit retina.METHODS:Intravitreal injection of rAAV-gfp was performed in either eye for each rabbit with the other eye taken as control.At the 3rd,7th,and 14th day after injection,the eyeballs were removed,and the retinas were flat-mounted on glass slides to inspect the retinal fluorescence,respectively.RESULTS:After intravitreal injection of rAAV-gfp,the presence of fluorescent spots in the cytoplasm of retinal cells indicated that GFP gene was efficiently transferred and expressed in the rabbit retina.CONCLUSION:Recombinant adeno-associated virus is a reliable and simple vector for transferring target gene,e.g.,GFP gene,to the retina.

Objective To transplant the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UCMSCs) derived from human umbilical cord into cisterna magna of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) rat model,and to observe their survival,proliferation and differentiation in the rat brain.Methods UCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord of babies delivered after full-term normal cesarean section,and labeled by bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU).Pregnant rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=6) and control group(n=1).HIE models were built by ligating both sides of the uterine arteries of full-pregnant rats(21 days) in experimental group rats for 15 minutes.The neonatal rats in experimental group were divided into stem cells group(n=24) and PBS group(n=19) at random.The labeled UCMSCs were injected into cisterna magna of the rats in stem cells group,while PBS was injected into the rats of PBS group.In 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after transplantation,the brain tissue section slides were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against BrdU,Nestin,neuron specific enolase(NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and thionin.Control group with normal delivery was tested as concurrent control.Results At 1 week after transplantation,BrdU,Nestin,NSE and GFAP positive cells were found in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rats in stem cells group rats.The number of BrdU-positive and Nestin-positive cells increased(Pa0.05).The NSE-positive and GFAP-positive cells gradually increased from 1-4 weeks post transplantation and comparisons between groups had statistical significance(Pa