OBJECTIVE: To study the genotype distribution of cytochrome CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 in Han and Mongolian Chinese population and the allele and genotype frequency are compared between the Han and Mongolian. METHODS: CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 of Han and Mongolian Chinese population were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of CYP3A4 * 5 in Han and Mongolian are 0, the allele frequencies of CYP3A4 * 18 in Han and Mongolian are 0.1838, 0.2025. The allele frequencies of CYP2C9 * 2 in Han and Mongolian are 0.0110, 0.0253; the allele frequencies of CYP2C9 * 13 in Han and Mongolian are 0, 0.003 2.The allele frequencies of CYP2C19 * 2 in Han and Mongolian are 0.386 0, 0.4146, the allele frequencies of CYP2C19 * 3 are 0.0515, 0.0443. The allele frequencies of CYP2D6 * 10 in Han and Mongolian are 0.5735, 0.4652. CONCLUSION: The study shows that there are no significant ethnic differences in the distribution of CYP3A4 * 18, CYP2C19 * 2, CYP2C19 * 3, CYP2D6 * 10 genotypes in Han and Mongolian. The CYP3A4 * 5 genotype is not found in this study and only one CYP2C9 * 1/* 13 genotype is found in Mongolian. For CYP2C9 * 2, the Mongolian is significantly lower than the Han, (P=0.023).

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Liver ; pathology ; Male

Under the background of resident standardization training pilot in Zhejiang province , this paper put forward the scheme of resident doctors standardization training and teacher training for the first time .This paper an-alyzed the necessity of medical ethics education in teacher training and standardization training and the requirements of teacher training in ethical education and ways for ethical education .Carrying out medical ethics education not only improves teachers'medical ethics knowledge , but also let them master the medical ethics teaching methods and skills.

Adult ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Thrombophilia ; genetics ; Thrombosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction under arthroscopy and repair of the injured posteromedial complex structure of the knee joint in the treatment of posterolateral knee dislocation with multiple ligament injuries.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to August 2012,22 patients (16 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 20 to 53 years old, with an average of 30.5 years old) with posterolateral dislocation of the knee were treated with primary reconstruction of ACL and PCL, combined with the repair of injuries in the posteromedial complex and soft-tissue. Eight patients had injuries caused by sports,5 patients road accidents and 9 patients falling down. The ACL was reconstructed using the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons. The PCL was reconstructed using LARS artificial ligaments (14 cases), or gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (8 cases). Suture repair was performed in 17 patients with posteromedial ligament injuries,and self-semitendinosus strengthening operations were performed in 5 patients. Continuouspassive montion (CPM) and active exercises were executed after operation at early stage. The IKDC and Lysholm system were used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were regularly followed up, and the duration ranged from 11 to 56 months (averaged, 39 months). According to the IKDC scale,9 patients got a grade A result, 10 got a grade B result, and 3 got a grade C result. The IKDC subject score was 89.6±3.1 and the Lysholm scores was 90.7±1.8 at the latest follow-up, which were both better than those before operation.

CONCLUSIONReconstructing the ACL and PCL and repairing injured posteromedial complex of the knee followed by an active rehabilitation is an effective method to treat posterolateral knee dislocation.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Dislocation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Guanidines ; analysis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Threshold Limit Values ; Workplace

Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; standards ; Threshold Limit Values

Chlorine ; Computer Simulation ; Computers, Analog ; Diffusion ; Software

Aged ; Atrophic Vaginitis ; drug therapy ; Capsules ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Suppositories ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary shunt were studied during gen- eral anesthesia and postoperative period.Twenty cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into experiment group (group P) and control group (group Z). PEEP and ZEEP were used separately after induction. Artery blood and mixed blood from the right ventricle were taken for blood gas analysis and determine the amount of pulmonary shunting before anesthesia. half and hour, one and half an hour and two and half an hour after anesthesia and one hour after the operation.The results showed that shunt in group P decreased gradually during general anesthesia and returned to the level of preoperation at an hour after operation. Shunt in group Z was increased continually and the level was significantly higher than preoperation an hour after operation. Shunt between two groups was significant difference (P