OBJECTIVE: To study the genotype distribution of cytochrome CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 in Han and Mongolian Chinese population and the allele and genotype frequency are compared between the Han and Mongolian. METHODS: CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 of Han and Mongolian Chinese population were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of CYP3A4 * 5 in Han and Mongolian are 0, the allele frequencies of CYP3A4 * 18 in Han and Mongolian are 0.1838, 0.2025. The allele frequencies of CYP2C9 * 2 in Han and Mongolian are 0.0110, 0.0253; the allele frequencies of CYP2C9 * 13 in Han and Mongolian are 0, 0.003 2.The allele frequencies of CYP2C19 * 2 in Han and Mongolian are 0.386 0, 0.4146, the allele frequencies of CYP2C19 * 3 are 0.0515, 0.0443. The allele frequencies of CYP2D6 * 10 in Han and Mongolian are 0.5735, 0.4652. CONCLUSION: The study shows that there are no significant ethnic differences in the distribution of CYP3A4 * 18, CYP2C19 * 2, CYP2C19 * 3, CYP2D6 * 10 genotypes in Han and Mongolian. The CYP3A4 * 5 genotype is not found in this study and only one CYP2C9 * 1/* 13 genotype is found in Mongolian. For CYP2C9 * 2, the Mongolian is significantly lower than the Han, (P=0.023).

Under the background of resident standardization training pilot in Zhejiang province , this paper put forward the scheme of resident doctors standardization training and teacher training for the first time .This paper an-alyzed the necessity of medical ethics education in teacher training and standardization training and the requirements of teacher training in ethical education and ways for ethical education .Carrying out medical ethics education not only improves teachers'medical ethics knowledge , but also let them master the medical ethics teaching methods and skills.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Liver ; pathology ; Male

Objective:To investigate the correlation between preoperative blood platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and clinico-pathological features, as well as the effect of PLR on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgical resec-tion. Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed for 255 cases with histologically confirmed NSCLC that underwent curative re-section from January 2004 to December 2007. All patients were classified into two groups based on the median value of PLR. The rela-tionship between PLR and clinicopathological features was studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic effect of preoperative PLR. Results:The median value of preoperative PLR was 130 (range:45.45 to 272.66). Based on the cut-off value of 130, all patients were divided into two groups:low PLR (≤130, n=127) and high PLR (>130, n=128). PLR was corre-lated with tumor site, T stage, and clinical stage. Five-year survival rates of low and high PLR patients were 49.6%and 33.6%, respec-tively, which indicated a statistically significant difference (χ2=12.577, P<0.001) between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that smoking status, histological differentiation, clinical stage, T stage, N stage, postoperative adjuvant therapy and PLR were associat-ed with survival (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis identified N stage, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and PLR as independent prog-nostic factors of all the patients. In addition, stratified analysis showed that the five-year survival rate of the low PLR group was higher than that of the high PLR group with or without lymph node metastasis, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.020 and 0.037). Conclusion:An elevated blood preoperative PLR indicates poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Preoperative PLR is an indepen-dent prognostic factor of NSCLC after curative resection.

Objective To determine whether specific angiotensin-conventing enzyme inhibitor with ramipril would affect ventricular arrhythmia generation in rabbits after myocardial infarction and discuss the mechanism of its antiarrhymic efficacy.MethodsTwenty-four New Zealand rabbits (Wuhan Laboratory Animal Research Center) were separated into 3 groups:sham-operated (SHAM) group (n =8 ),myocardial infraction (MI) group ( n =8) and myocardial infraction with ramipril (RAM) group ( n =8).SHAM group received a median sternotomy without left ventricular coronary artery ligation.MI and RAM groups' rabbits received a median sternotomy followed by left coronary artery ligation. The successful anterior MI was confirmed by elevation of the ST segment with more than 0.2 mV in lead Ⅱ and Ⅲ.After MI,RAM group rabbits were fed with ramipril [ 1mg/ ( kg · d) ]by intragastric administration for 12 weeks.Before and after MI 12 weeks in three groups.Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation episodes and the monophasic actionpotential duration in epicardium,mid-myocardium and endocardium cadiocytes were recorded.The statistical technique was t-test and ANOVA.Results Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation episodes were markedly decreased in RAM group than that in MI group after 12 weeks [ (2.6 ± 0.8) vs.(12.4 ± 2.9),P ＜0.05 ].After MI 12 weeks,the action potential duration of repolarization 90％ (APD90) of three-tier ventricular myocytes in MI group was prolonged than that before MI [ (258.2 ±21.1 ) vs.(230.1 ±23.2),( 278.0±23.8 ) vs.(245.8±25.4),(242.6±22.7) vs.(227.0±21.7),P＜0.05]; however,it was not significant difference between before and after MI 12w in RAM group (P ＞ 0.05 ).Moreover,the transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) was markedly increased after MI 12w in MI group than in SHAM and RAM group [ (36.2 ± 10.2 ) vs.( 18.7 ± 6.2 ),(24.9 ± 8.7 ),P ＜ 0.05 ]; but the TDR was not significant difference between RAM and SHAM group ( 18.7 ± 6.2 ) vs.( 24.9 ± 8.7 ),P ＞ 0.05].ConclusionsRamipril significantly reduced the malignant arrhythmia incidence in rabbits after MI.Mended the abnormal TDR was the mechanism for ramipril to therapy.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction under arthroscopy and repair of the injured posteromedial complex structure of the knee joint in the treatment of posterolateral knee dislocation with multiple ligament injuries.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to August 2012,22 patients (16 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 20 to 53 years old, with an average of 30.5 years old) with posterolateral dislocation of the knee were treated with primary reconstruction of ACL and PCL, combined with the repair of injuries in the posteromedial complex and soft-tissue. Eight patients had injuries caused by sports,5 patients road accidents and 9 patients falling down. The ACL was reconstructed using the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons. The PCL was reconstructed using LARS artificial ligaments (14 cases), or gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (8 cases). Suture repair was performed in 17 patients with posteromedial ligament injuries,and self-semitendinosus strengthening operations were performed in 5 patients. Continuouspassive montion (CPM) and active exercises were executed after operation at early stage. The IKDC and Lysholm system were used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were regularly followed up, and the duration ranged from 11 to 56 months (averaged, 39 months). According to the IKDC scale,9 patients got a grade A result, 10 got a grade B result, and 3 got a grade C result. The IKDC subject score was 89.6±3.1 and the Lysholm scores was 90.7±1.8 at the latest follow-up, which were both better than those before operation.

CONCLUSIONReconstructing the ACL and PCL and repairing injured posteromedial complex of the knee followed by an active rehabilitation is an effective method to treat posterolateral knee dislocation.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Dislocation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Chlorine ; Computer Simulation ; Computers, Analog ; Diffusion ; Software

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Gingko Biloba extract (GBE) on acute lung hemorrhage induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in newborn rats. Methods 1. Acute lung hemorrhage models were reproduced by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (5 mg/kg). 2. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,GBE groups (4 mg/kg,8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg) and LPS group 5 mg/kg. Results In group LPS, extensive lung hemorrhage was observed after 4 hours of injection . TNF - ? iung content was obvious in LPS group. The expression of lung nuclear factor(NF-kB )immunohistochemistry wasobvious. While the parameters were obviously attenuated by GBE before LPS. Conclusion GBE may be useful in the treatment of acute pulmonary inflammatory disease.

Objective To establish mouse model of dementia by intracranial injection of A?25-35 and small amount of ibotenic acid(IBO) and to explore whether the effects of catalpol can affect the brain M receptor density and the short term memory. Methods The mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group,model group,treat group which were given orally for 2 months with 50 mg?kg-1?d-1 of catalpol.Dementia model was developed by single unilateral injection of 0.3 ?L of a solution of A?(1?L normal saline containing 4 ?g of A?25-35 and 1 ?g of ibotenic acid) into right basal ganglion region according the atlas of mouse brain with the aid of a stereotaxic equipment.The track of injection was observed by HE staining.The learning/memory ability was measured by Y-maze perfor-mance.The brain muscarinic receptor density was analyzed with single-site binding assay using 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilae(QNB).Results Two months after model development,the learning ability as well as the density of muscarinic receptor in brain were significantly decreased in model mice compared with those in control mice.Parallel models treated with daily oral administration of Catalpol for two months improved the learning ability and increased the brain muscarinic receptor density when compared with model mice.The correlation coefficient between total M receptor densities and the learning/memory ability was significant when examined with linear regresion.Conclusion A dementia model was established in mice.Dementia model was developed by single unilateral injection of 0.3 ?L of a solution of A?(1 ?L normal saline containing 4 ?g of A?25-35 and 1 ?g of ibotenic acid) into right basal ganglion region was established in mice.Catalpol can significantly improve the learning and increase the brain muscarinic receptor density of the model.

Objective To produce a hybridoma secreting stable monoclonal antibodies against Aβ22-35 and to develop a detection method for the assay of Aβ. Methods Spleen cells from Balb/cmice immunized with Aβ22-35-KLH were fused with mouse myeloma cells SP2/0. The techniques of immunoprecipitation and western blotting plus ECL were used to investigate the levels of Aβ in the rat brain. Results Two strains of hybridomas (3A8 and 3B2) secreting stable monoclonal antibodies raised against Aβ22-35 were obtained. The subtypes of Aβ22-35 were IgG3. The levels of Aβ in young and older rat brain were 9.8±2.8 and 13.36±2.65 (pmol/12mg brain tissues, x±s), respectively. Conclusion The Aβ22-35 mAb obtained had high titres and specificity. The levels of Aβ in the older rat brain were significantly increased as compared with the young one (P＜0.05).