OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of antacids on the efficacy and safety of sucralfate. METHODS: The appearance of sucralfate suspension gel was observed under different pHs in vitro to learn the appropriate pH for sucralfate to work. The adverse effects of sucralfate was evaluated by determining the aluminum ion concentration in the supernatant using emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). RESULTS: At pH 0.1, sucralfate was partly dissolved; at pH 1.0 and 2.0, it formed white soft gel with strong adhesion and good extension; along with the storage time, the gel gradually precipitated; at pH≥3, sucralfate was unable to form gel; at pH >4.0, it formed a hard white precipitate without obvious adhesion and spreadability. In the pH range of 0.1-7.0, the concentration of free aluminum ion reduced gradually with the increase of pH. CONCLUSION: Combination use of antacids with sucralfate does not increase the aluminum ion absorption, but whether there is a synergistic effec is worth of further exploration.

To obtain high-yield avilamycin-producing strains,low energy N~+ ion implantation technology and screening of streptomycin-re- sistant mutants are used in the study on breeding mutation.The results show that,“saddle”region,which range is from 3?10~(15) to 5?10~(15) ions/cm~2,has got better induced mutation action.It also means that the strain's resistant mutation and yield mutation closely correlate to each other,and the method of streptomycin resistant screening is feasible.We have isolated a high-yield strain SVT-45 which the productivi- ty is 195% higher than the original strain's in the rotation-flask experiments.These results showed that the ion implantation was an effective method for microbe mutagensis.

To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Myrica rubra, fourteen compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical properties and spectroscopic data, as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol (1), myricanol (2), myricanone (3), myricanol 11-sulfate (4), myricitrin (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (7), tamarixol (8), uvaol (9), ursolic acid (10), taraxerol (11), myricadiol (12), β-sitosterol (13) and β-daucosterol (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, named as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol, compounds 8, 9 were isolated from the genus Myrica for the first time.
Diarylheptanoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Myrica ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Bark ; chemistry

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the initiator of RNA interference and inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation of specific messenger RNA. siRNA-mediated gene regulation has high efficiency and specificity and exhibits great significance in the treatment of diseases. However, the naked or unmodified siRNA has poor stability, easy to degrade by nuclease, short half-life, and low intracellular delivery. As an emerging non-viral nucleic acid delivery system, ionizable lipid nanoparticles play an important role in improving the druggability of siRNA. At present, one siRNA drug based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles has been approved for the treatment of rare disease. This review introduces the research progress in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, focusing on the effect of each component of lipid nanoparticles on the efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which provides new references for the studies on ionizable lipid nanocarriers for siRNA delivery.

OBJECTIVETo predict part of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine components and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces by using the traditional Chinese medicinal property data prediction platform, in order to establish the relationship between properties of traditional Chinese medicine components and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.

METHODThe properties of traditional Chinese medicine components were predicted by using the medicinal property data prediction platform based on the pharmacological effects of the components.

RESULTThe total sum of identical or similar results of the prediction for the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces accounted for over 75%.

CONCLUSIONThe self-similarity exists between properties of traditional Chinese medicine components and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, which reflects the inheritance, additivity and emergence among different properties of traditional Chinese medicines.

Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective: To explore the influence factors of processing Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by microwave-drying, so as to lay a foundation for its industrial development. Methods: The drying process of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was investigated by water ratio, drying rate and energy consumption analysis. The aconite morphology, contents of diester alkaloids, monoester alkaloids and alkanolamine alkaloids were used as indexes to study the effects of slice thickness, water content, microwave power and processing time on aconite processing. Results : The thickness, rehydration rate, microwave power and processing time had influence on the processing process and alkaloid content of aconite. When the thickness was 5 mm, the drying process had shorter drying time, faster drying rate and lower the energy consumption, but it had a higher content of diester alkaloids and lower content of the total alkaloids. When the rehydration rate of raw aconite slices was 60%, the drying time was the shortest. The order of average drying rate was 100% rehydration rate > 60% rehydration rate > 80% rehydration rate > 40% rehydration rate. The order of content of diester alkaloids was 60% rehydration rate > 100% rehydration rate > 80% rehydration rate > 40% rehydration rate. The order of total alkaloids content was 60% rehydration rate > 80% rehydration rate = 100% rehydration rate > 40% rehydration rate. The influence of rehydration rate on energy consumption was not obvious. When the processing time was the same, the drying process under the microwave power of 550 W had the shortest drying time, the fastest drying rate, the lowest content of diester aconitine and the highest content of total alkaloid. However, with the increase of processing time, the aconite was easier to be burnt under a high microwave power. Conclusion: The appropriate thickness, moisture content, microwave power and processing time in aconite processing process are helpful to reduce the toxicity of aconite and improve the quality of aconite. Therefore, the thickness of the slices should choose 3 mm, the moisture content should be 60%-80%, and the processing time should be reduced according to the increase of microwave power.

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.
Excipients ; chemistry ; Gels ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyvinyls ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR), a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis, and to investigate the possible mechanism of SQR in regulating intestinal dynamics.

METHODSSixty rats were randomly divided into normal control, model 1, model 2, mesalazine, and high-dose, and low-dose SQR groups with 10 rats in each group. TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol was instilled into the lumen of the rat colon of the latter five groups to induce colitis. On the 4th day after administration of TNBS, each treatment group was administered one of the following formulations by enteroclysis gavage once a day for 7 days: 600 mg•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ mesalazine, 2.4 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ SQR, and 1.2 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ SQR. Model 2 rats received normal saline solution. After 7 days colonic samples were collected. While the colonic samples of model 1 group were collected on the 3rd day after TNBS administered. Ultrastructure of ICC in the damaged colonic tissues was observed with transmission electron microscope. Expression of c-kit protein in colonic tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.

RESULTSThe ultrastructure of colonic ICC in the rat model of TNBS-induced colitis showed a severe injury, and administration of SQR or mesalazine reduced the severity of injury. Similarly, the expression of c-kit protein of TNBS-induced colitis rat model was significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05). Treatment with SQR or mesalazine significantly increased the expression of c-kit protein compared with the administration of control formulations (P < 0.05), especially the high-dose SQR group.

CONCLUSIONSQR could alleviate and repair the injured ICC, and improve its quantity, which might be involved in regulating intestinal motility.

Animals ; Colitis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Colon ; cytology ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mesalamine ; therapeutic use ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of laparoscopy-assisted and open distal gastrectomies on the perioperative levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and visceral proteins in patients with gastric cancer.

METHODST Fifty-three patients with gastric cancer were randomized into two groups to receive laparoscopic surgery (n=26) or open surgery (n=27). The CRP levels were measured preoperatively and at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after the operation. The levels of the visceral proteins including albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PRE), transferrin (TRF) and retinal-binding protein (RbP) were assayed before and at 3 and 7 days after the operation.

RESULTSCompared with the preoperative levels, the CRP levels in both groups were significantly increased on days 1, 2, and 3 after the operation (P<0.05), with the highest level occurred on day 2 postoperatively. The postoperative CRP levels were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group than in the open surgery group (P<0.01). The levels of ALB, PRE, TRF, and RbP were significantly decreased after operation in both groups (P<0.01) without significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with open surgeries, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer causes minimal surgical trauma and mild inflammatory responses to allow the recovery of the levels of the visceral proteins.

Adult ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the differences in peritoneal microstructure injury between laparoscopic and open radical resection for colorectal cancer.

METHODSA total of 50 patients with colorectal cancer were consecutively assigned into laparoscopic group (LO, n=27) and conventional laparotomy group (CO, n=23). Prospectively comparative analyses of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node harvest, positive rate of lymph nodes, length of specimen and resection margin involvement were performed. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to detect postoperative peritoneal injury between patients who received laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.

RESULTSCompared with the CO group, operative time [(150.6+/-39.5) min vs (183.0+/-39.2) min, P<0.05] and intraoperative blood loss [(80.0+/-75.2) ml vs (234.5+/-235.3) ml, P<0.01] were significantly less in the LO group. No significant differences were found between two groups in length specimen, number of lymph nodes harvest, positive rate of lymph nodes, and all resection margins were negative (P>0.05). Optical microscope indicated less serosal injury in the LO group as compared to the CO group with regard to serosal integrity, continuity of covering adipocyte and mesothelial cell, and the aggregation level of erythrocytes and inflammatory cells (P<0.01). Scanning electronic microscopy showed more severe injury to colorectal serosa, mesothelium and basement membrane in the CO group as compared to the LO group.

CONCLUSIONWith equal degree of radical resection, laparoscopic technique for colorectal cancer causes less peritoneal structural injury as compared with open surgery.

Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Laparotomy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneum ; injuries ; pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Single-Blind Method