OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of cefotetan disodium for injection in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 males and 5 females in each group. The volunteers in each group were administered a single dose of cefotetan disodium of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g, respectively. Those who got dose of 1.0 g were administered twice daily for 7 d. The concentrations of cefotetan disodium in plasma were determined by HPLC while the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotetan disodium after single-dose intravenous administration were as follows: ρmax(68.03 ± 15.95), (110.77 ± 17.67), (225.34 ± 19.63) mg · L-1; AUC0-15(242.88 ± 56.60), (415.22 ± 54.24), (856.18 ± 82.72) mg · h · L-1; t1/2(3.67 ± 0.48), (3.69 ± 0.40), (3.53 ± 0.26) h, respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotetan disodium after multiple-dose administration were as follows: ρmax(123.60 ± 15.74) mg · L-1; AUC0-15 (444.38 ± 62.78) mg · h · L-1; AUCSS(426.87 ± 59.36) mg · h · L-1; t1/2(3.29 ± 0.36) h; ρav(35.57 ± 4.95) mg · L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cefotetan disodium for injection displays linear pharmacokinetics in the dose range of 0.5 to 2.0 g after single intravenous dosing. There is no significant accumulation after repeated dosing. There is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between female and male subjects. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; therapy ; Humans ; Walking

Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection (UTI)so as to provide evidence for appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. Methods From January 2001 to December 2008 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital,4683 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from urine samples were detected by ATB system;drug susceptibility test was performed with disk diffusion method and pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance was analyzed with WHO NET 5.3 software. Results Among 4683 strains of pathogenic bacteria,most was gramnegative bacilli,accounting for about 77.8%,of which predominant strain was Escherichia coli (68.7%,3217/4683).The predominant strain of gram-positive bacteria was Enterococcus faecalis,accounting for 10.0%(468/4683).Escherichia coli showed hish resistance rotes to ampicillin,piperacillin and compound snlfamethoxazole(SMZ-TMP),which were 76.6%,61.7%and 57.4%respectively,while a low resistance to imipenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,Enterococcus faecalis showed high resistance rates to erythromycin,gentamicin and levofloxacin,which were 65.8%,43.2%and 31.1%respectively,and were most susceptive to vancomycin and teicoplanin, both with resistance rates of 0. The susceptibility rate of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem was 100%. From 2006 to 2008, the detection rate of extend-spectrum β-lactamases ESBLs -producing Escherichia coil in outpatient increased year by year, from 28.7% to 43.3% (P＜0.05), whereas no significant change was found in inpatients. The detection rate of (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coil in inpatients was significantly higher than that in outpatients (P＜0.05).The detection rate of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coil was 23.6%. The antimicrobial resistance rate in elderly patients was significantly higher than that in overall antimicrobial resistance rote (P＜0.05). Conclusions The predominant bacteria of UTI are still gram-negative bacteria, main of which is Escherichia col. Bacteria are resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Approximate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice should be made on the basis of susceptibility test results.

The aim of the study was to observe osseointegration of dental implants in osteoporotic rats. Rats were randomly divided into groups A(SHAM) and B(OVX), and pure titanium screws were implanted in the distal half of the right femurs. 1 5 and 3 months after implantation, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed and right femurs were observed by X ray photography, scan electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. The results showed that 1.5 and 3 months after implantation, the osseointegration index (OI) of group A was higher than that of group B. But the OI of each group was almost the same at different intervals. 1 5 months after implantation, the amount of new bone formation in group A was more abundant than that in group B, and it increased in group A but decreased in group B 3 months after implantation.The results confirmed that with higher BMD osseointegration was better. Osteoporotic changes could decrease OI and the amount of new bone formation at implant bone interface in rats. Osseointegration would not improve without outside factors.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection due to its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. In the host,glutathione(GSH) ,one of the most important intracellular antioxidants,provides protection against high levels of oxidative stress. A decrease in GSH levels in tissues infected with P. aeruginosa has been observed while interactions between pyocyanin and GSH maybe partially attribute to P. aeruginosa infection. In this review,the relationship between GSH and the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa has been discussed based on the author's own research results and the latest literature.

This paper mainly discusses the purpose , content , organization of the curriculum design of fermentation engineering and equipment and the teching importance to bioengineering major.

Objective To investigate the effects of vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy and McKenzie therapy on lumbar disc herniation in aged patients.Methods 70 aged patients with lumbar disc herniation are randomly divided into two groups,experiment group and control group.Each contained 35 patients.Both are treated 15 min daily with the SD5101 therapeutic.For the experiment group,McKenzie therapy is employed 3～4 times per day additionally.They were evaluated with Graded Efficacy For Relieving Lumbar Pain before and after treatment.Follow-up observation lasted for 10 months to record the time of treatment and recurrence rate of both groups.Results For short-term curative effect,no statistical differences were observed between these two groups(P>0.05).For the curative effects on single-segment or multi-segment lumber disc herniation,statistical differences were observed before and after treatment in each group(P<0.05),but were not between them(P>0.05).The curative effects are negatively correlated with the course of treatment(For experiment group:r=-0.72;For control group:r=-0.64).No statistical differences were observed between these two groups in terms of the total correlation coefficient(P>0.05).The time of treatment in experiment group is shorter than that in control group(P<0.05).The recurrence rate in experiment group is lower than in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy combining with McKenzie therapy is an efficient method in treating aged patients with lumbar disc herniation.

OBJECTIVETo explore effective pretreated methods for hydrosalpinx before frozen embryo transfer (FET).

METHODSA randomized controlled study was performed on 229 FET cycles of hydrosalpinx patients. They were assigned to two groups by random digit table, Group A (94 cases), Group B (89 cases), and Group C (46 cases). Patients in Group A received transvaginal aspiration of hydrosalpinx combined with auricular point sticking. Those in Group B received transvaginal aspiration of hydrosalpinx group. Those in Group C received no transvaginal aspiration of hydrosalpinx. Pregnancy outcomes of FET, endometrial and subendometrial blood flow distribution on the embryo transfer day were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the endometrial thickness on FET day, the number of transfer embryos, the number of transferred good quality embryos among the three groups (P > 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate and the embryo implantation rate were significantly higher in Group A than in Group C (P < 0.05), and the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05). The early abortion rate and the transfer cycle cancel rate were significantly lower in Group A than in Group C (P < 0.05). Type A endometrial and subendometrial blood flow distribution was dominant in Group A, which was significantly higher in Group A than the rest two groups (P < 0.05). Type A distribution rate was also significantly higher in Group B than in Group C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTransvaginal aspiration of hydrosalpinx combined with auricular point sticking before FET could improve the endometrial receptivity and improve outcomes of IVF.

Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate

Animals ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley