Analgesics, Opioid ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Meperidine ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of B. polyandra (SHG).

METHODThe diabetic mice were induced by alloxan in ICR mice. The blood glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase method. The serum insulin level was determined by 125I-insulin radioimmunoassay kit. The hypoglycemic effect was evaluated by the levels of both fasting and no-fasting blood glucose. The effect on serum insulin level was estimated by the values of the blood insulin and the changes of the blood glucose induced by the glucose intraperitoneal injection. The effect on the glucose absorption was investigated by the oral sucrose or starch tolerance test.

RESULTBoth of the fasting and no-fasting blood glucose levels were decreased significantly by the treatment of 20 or 30 g raw materials crude drug x kg (-1) SHG orally for 7-10 d in ICR mice or in alloxan diabetic mice. In the oral sucrose tolerance test or oral starch tolerance test, the administration of SHG reduced significantly the peak value of the blood glucose and the area under the blood glucose-time curve (AUC) in normal or alloxan diabetic mice, respectively. These effects of SHG were similar to those of acarbose, a kind of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. In the oral glucose tolerance test in normal and alloxan diabetic mice, SHG decreased both the blood glucose peak and the AUC induced by the glucose loading. But in the intraperitoneal injection glucose tolerance test the levels of insulin in both SHG and control mice were similar, however, the changes of the blood glucose level after the glucose-loading for 30 min in SHG mice was much lower than that in control mice.

CONCLUSIONWith the treatment of SHG, the fasting and no-fasting blood glucose concentrations were decreased and the glucose tolerance improved significantly in both normal and alloxan diabetic mice, and the inhibition of a-glucosidase might be one of its major mechanisms.

Administration, Oral ; Alloxan ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; chemically induced ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

The rapid development of systems biology and especially the advances in the high-throughput and comprehensive research technologies and research idea in metabonomics provide new strategies in the analysis of active components in the formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and pharmacokinetic analysis of their metabolites in vivo. Furthermore, the initiatives of metabonomics may pave a new way to explain the action mode of TCM in the light of modern sciences, while the metabonomic research achievements may contribute to the establishment of a new technique platform for evaluating the efficacy of the formula of TCM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Metabolomics ; Social Change ; Systems Biology ; Treatment Outcome

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an important obesity surgery. The risk of remnant gastric cancer after RYGB for obesity is gaining growing attention from bariatric surgeons and patients with obesity. This systematic review included articles from major databases internationally and domestically that specifically described the remnant gastric cancer after RYGB intervention, a total of 21 cases was subsequently analyzed. The average median time from post-operative RYGB to diagnosis of gastric cancer was 11 years (1-28 years), the duration of gastric cancer symptoms lasted 7 days to 6 years, abdominal pain is the most common (71.4%), especially in the upper abdomen (33.3%), followed by nausea and vomiting (33.3%), over-weight loss (33.3%), and abdominal bloating (28.6%), etc. Neoplasm location was reported to occur in the antrum or the pre-pyloric region (71.4%), with adenocarcinoma being the most common tumor histology observed (71.4%), tumor stage III-IV as the most diagnosed, 38.1% of tumor were deemed to be unresectable, 52.4% of the patients performed subtotal gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. In addition, a global article investigating the occurrence of esophageal gastric cancer after RYGB in 64 cases revealed the common preoperative medical history include smoking habits (37.5%), alcohol issues (14.0%), GERD (86.0%), presence with Barret esophagus (10.9%), patients that has other malignant tumor medical history (6.3%), first-degree relatives (6.3%), or other family members with gastric esophagus cancer family history. Although the incidence of gastric cancer after RYGB is rare, the increasing prevalence of gastric cancer development is one of great concern. A rise in clinical cases of patients treated with RYGB presents a target for future studies. Risk of gastric cancer after RYGB should be evaluated and considered in high-risk cases.
Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Gastric Bypass/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obesity/surgery* ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery* ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Humans ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Leukocytes ; Telomere/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a great treasure house， exhibiting unique advantages in the treatment of some difficult and critical diseases. The incidence rate of membranous nephropathy has increased year by year in recent years， and has become the first cause of primary glomerular diseases. However， its pathogenesis is not clear. Modern medicine often uses immunosuppressive therapy， but it often faces the problems of high side effects and high recurrence rate. The China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） invited clinical experts of TCM and western medicine to fully discuss membranous nephropathy， which was later confirmed to be one of the clinical diseases responding specifically to TCM. Apart from summarizing the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment of membranous nephropathy in both TCM and western medicine， this paper also detailed TCM cognition， syndrome differentiation， and therapeutic schemes of membranous nephropathy， aiming to improve the clinical remission rate of membranous nephropathy and provide reference for its clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Larotaxel is a new chemical structure drug, which has not been marketed worldwide. Accordingly, the standard identification and quantification methods for larotaxel remain unclear. The spectrometric analyses were performed for verifying weight molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, a quantification method was developed for measuring larotaxel in the liposomes. METHODS: The molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel were studied by using mass spectrometry (MS), infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometric techniques. The absorption wavelength of larotaxel was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry full-wavelength scanning. Besides, a quantification method was developed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then validated by measuring the encapsulation efficacy of larotaxel liposomes. RESULTS: The four spectral characteristics of larotaxel were revealed and the corresponding standard spectra were defined. It was confirmed that larotaxel had the structure of tricyclic diterpenoids, with the molecular formula of C45H53NO14, the molecular weight of 831.900 1, and the maximum absorption wavelength of 230 nm. The quantitative method of larotaxel was established by using HPLC with a reversed phase C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm), a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (75:25, volume/volume), and a detection wavelength of 230 nm. The validation study exhibited that the established HPLC method was stable, and had a high recovery and precision in the quantitative measurement of larotaxel in liposomes. In addition, a new kind of larotaxel liposomes was also successfully prepared. The particle size of the liposomes was about 105 nm, with an even size distribution. And the encapsulation efficiency of larotaxel in the liposomes was above 80%. CONCLUSION The present study offers reference standard spectra of larotaxel, including MS, IR, NMR, and UV-vis, and confirms the molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, the study develops a rapid HPLC method for quality control of larotaxel liposomes.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Liposomes ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Taxoids