ObjectiveTo explore the application effects of water and salt intake nursing intervention based on transtheoretical model in children with peritoneal dialysis. MethodsTotally 96 pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis admitted in Zhengzhou Children＇s Hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were selected and stratified into intervention (n=48) and control (n=48) groups. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing care, while patients in the intervention group received water and salt intake nursing derived from the transtheoretical model. The volume indicators, volume management behaviors and satisfaction of children in both groups were observed 3 months before and after nursing care in which volume management behaviors were evaluated with the volume management behavior scale and satisfaction was evaluated with our self-designed questionnaire. ResultsThe systolic pressure and ultrafiltration volume of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the diastolic pressure and 24 h urine volume between the two groups before and after nursing (P＞ 0.05). The degree of ameliorated edema of the intervention group was better than that of the control group after nursing, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.05). There was statistically significant difference between different items of the volume management behavior scale within the intervention group after nursing (P＜ 0.05). The patient＇s and family＇s satisfaction with nursing care in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group after nursing, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.05). ConclusionsWater and salt intake nursing intervention based on transtheoretical model can improve their ability of volume management, volume status and quality of life.