1.A study on hippocampus injury assessment with apparent diffusion effect of MRI on mouse model
Bo ZHAO ; Weipeng JIN ; Huijia LIU ; Ya'nan ZHANG ; Xuening ZHANG ;
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science 2014;23(5):391-393
Objective To determine the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as an objective method of early detection of traumatic brain injury of the mice models in hippocampus injury.Methods A total of 18 healthy male adult C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups according to the degree of injury:the mild group,severe group and control group.Conventional images,diffusion-weighted images,ADC were studied.The hippocampal were selected as the interesting area.ADC values were calculated and compared with those in control subjects after 6 h,12 h and 24 h.Student t test was performed for each region to compare the injury groups and the control.Results In control group both sides hippocampal ADC values had no differences(8.65±0.26 and 8.77±0.12) × 10-4 mm2/s,P>0.05.Abnormalities were detected on ADC values,compared with conventional images in the injury groups.ADC values in mild group and severe group were significantly different from those of control group(6 h ADC values were (8.70±0.50) × 10-4 mm2/s,(6.13± 0.11) × 10-4 mm2/s,and (3.16±0.78) × 10-4 mm2/s in control,mild and severe group respectively),(12 h ADC values (8.23±0.61)× 10-4 mm2/s,(5.92 ± 0.27) × 10-4 mm2/s and (2.64±0.65) × 10-4 mm2/s) and (24 h ADC values (9.01±0.14) × 10-4 mm2/s,(5.99± 0.13)×10-4 mm2/s and (2.58±0.42)×10-4 mm2/s),P<0.05.Conclusion There are differences among the ADC values on differcnt types of hippocampal brain injury mouse-model.ADC values can identify the degree of damage on brain injury and can detect early craniocerebral injury.
2.Analysis of monitoring results on plague of rats in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2013
Ya'nan ZHANG ; Gang ZHAO ; Dayu ZHANG ; Minghui FAN ; Bing HAN ;
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2015;34(10):765-768
Objective To analysis the plague monitoring results on plague of rats in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Xilin Gol Plateau in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2013,to master the dynamics of the plague epidemic,and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures.Methods Plague monitoring data from 2001 to 2013 in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci were collected,main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index,bacteriology,serology and epidemic situation were studied.Results Within 13 years,10 153 Lasiopodomys brandti were captured overlapping a monitored area of 2 919.25 hm2,the average rat density was 3.48/hm2;other small rodents were captured 43 632 times,and 1 631 mice were captured,capture rate was 3.74%.Totally 22 752 host animals were checked by etiology,104 animals were infected with epidemic diseases,79 fleas of 31 groups positive fleas were checked from cultured 27 702 fleas of 6 437 groups.Totally 2 237 serum samples of Lasiopodomys brandti were checked using indirect hemagglutination (IHA),2 copies were found positive,the positive rate was 0.09%.Conclusion In Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Inner Mongolia,the plague bacteria infected host animals are still existed,future outbreak is possible;the monitoring and health education should be strengthened,in order to prevent the plague spreading to human being.
3.Changes in phosphorylation of NMDA receptors in spinal dorsal horns in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion
Jianping Chen ; Chongfang Han ; Yu Zhang ; Yanfang Liu ; Xiaolong Zhao ; Ya'nan Deng
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 2014;34(5):566-569
Objective To investigate the changes in the phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in spinal dorsal horns in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD).Methods Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sham operation group (group S) and group CCD.In CCD group,a small stainless steel needle (4 mm in length and 0.8 mm in diameter) was inserted into the L4,5 intervertebral foramen in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats,developing intervertebral foramen stenosis and hence producing a chronic steady compression of the dorsal root ganglion.In group S,the intervertebral foramen was only exposed without inserting the needle.The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured at 1 day before operation and 1,2 and 4 weeks after operation.The rats were then sacrificed after measurement of PWL and the lumbar enlargement segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunits at serine 896 (pNR1S896) on the injured side by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the PWL was significantly shortened at each time point after operation,and the expression of IL-1β and pNR1S896 was up-regulated in group CCD,and the PWL was shortened at 1 week after operation,the expression of IL-1β and pNR1S896 was up-regulated,and no significant change was found in PWL and expression of IL-1β and pNR1S896 at the other time points in group S.Compared with group S,the PWL was significantly shortened at each time point after operation,and the expression of IL-1β and pNR1S896 was up-regulated in group CCD,Compared with the baseline value at 1 day before operation,the PWL was slowly shortened starting from 1 week after operation,and decreased to the lowest level at 2 weeks after operation and maintained at this level for 2 weeks,the expression of IL-1β and pNR1S896 was slowly up-regulated starting from 1 week after operation,and increased to the highest level at 2 weeks after operation and maintained at this level for 2 weeks in group CCD,and the PWL was shortened at 1 week after operation,and the expression of IL-1β and pNR1 S896 was up-regulated in group S.Conclusion The development and maintenance of neuropathic pain induced by CCD are related to phosphorylation of NMDA receptors in spinal dorsal horns of rats.
4.Awareness and protection of ultraviolet irradiation among people in Urumqi area
Shan YANG ; Haoyue YANG ; Fang XIANG ; Ya'nan ZHAO ; Caixia AN ; Zhiwen SUN ; Xiongming PU
Chinese Journal of Medical Aesthetics and Cosmetology 2014;20(5):369-372
Objective To survey the knowledge of the Urumqi population in Xinjiang on the awareness and the protection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Methods Three hundred and twentyfour subjects from Urumqi were investigated with a questionnaire about the basic knowledge of UV,the UV protection methods,the awareness and application of sunscreens,and the channels through which they acquired the knowledge.Results A total of 324 subjects completed the questionnaire.Only 78.0% knew the harmful effects of UV,62.0% of them knew that UV could lead to skin photo-aging,and 54.9% knew that UV irradiation could cause skin cancer.Sunscreens were the main choice for UV protection (58.0%).Regarding sunscreens,38.3% subjects knew the meaning of SPF,and only a small percentage of subjects (17.3%) were aware of the meaning of PA.About 25.3% of subjects applied sunscreens every day,43.2% used sunscreens sometimes,and 18.5% did not use it at all.The main factor of choosing sunscreens was brand popularity and the main information sources to get the knowledge of UV and UV protection were TV advertisements.Conclusions This study shows that the knowledge of UV and UV protection of the Urumqi population is acceptable,but the protections are insufficient,which should be strengthened and guided through dermatologists and multiple media.
5.Analysis of a monitoring results on animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2014
Ya'nan ZHANG ; Gang ZHAO ; Minghui FAN ; Bing HAN ; Yilan FENG ; Dayu ZHANG ;
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2016;35(5):357-360
Objective To analyze the monitoring results on plague in Meriones unguiculatus plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2014,to master the epidemic dynamics of the plague and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures.Methods The plague monitoring data in Meriones unguiculatus plague natural foci from 2010 to 2014 were collected;main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index and bacteriology were counted;serology detection was done and the epidemic situation was analyzed.Isolation and identification of Yersinia pestis were carried out through a 4-step test (microscopic examination,isolation and culture,phage lysis test and animal experiment).Serum samples were tested by indirect hemagglutination test.Results Within 5 years,21689 Meriones unguiculatus were captured overlap monitored areas of 7116 hm2 totally,the average rat density was 3.05/hm2;other small rodents were clipped 144352 times,3947 mice were captured,capture rate was 2.73%.Totally 26500 Meriones unguiculatus were checked,91 Meriones unguiculatus were infected with epidemic diseases,227 of 59 groups positive fleas were checked from cultured 51262 fleas of 13268 groups.Totally 5426 serum samples of Meriones unguiculatus were checked,5 copies were found positive,the positive rate was 0.09%.Conclusions Inner Mongolia Meriones unguiculatus plague is still active and spreading.We must enhance propaganda of the plague.Surveillance and emergency management should be strengthened to prevent a outbreak of the plague in human being.
6.MUT genetic analysis in isolated methylmalonic acidemia pedigrees and its application in prenatal diagnosis
Aojie CAI ; Ya'nan ZONG ; Ning LIU ; Ying BAI ; Zhenhua ZHAO ; Xiangdong KONG ;
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2016;19(9):688-694
Objective To analyze the mutation of MUT with Sanger sequencing technology to explore the feasibility of its application in prenatal diagnosis.Methods MUT sequencing was performed in 24 pedigrees who had history of isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) babies and came to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Newborn Screening Center of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of He'nan Province between October 2012 and June 2015 for genetic counseling.Meanwhile,another 100 cases of normal controls also had their MUT gene sequence analyzed.After confirming the genotype of each pedigree,we collected the villi of nine high-risk fetuses in nine pedigrees whose parents were prepared for prenatal diagnosis.Results Totally,25 kinds of MUT gene mutations were identified among the 24 isolated MMA pedigrees,in which 11 were novel mutations including one nonsense mutation [c.616C>T(p.Q206X)],six missense mutations [c.613G>A(p.E205K),c.894T>G(p.1298N),c.1009T>C(p.F337L),c.1154G>T(p.L385W),c.1663G>A(p.A555T) and c.1675G>A(p.R559G) and four frame shift mutations [c.626-627insC(p.P209Pfs*2),c.755-756insA(p.H252Qfs*6),c.756-757insA(p.M253Nfs*5) and c.1581-1582insA(p.A528Ifs*4)].None of the above mutations was detected in the controls.Finally,among the nine pedigrees for prenatal diagnosis,two were determined to have normal MUT gene,four were found to be heterozygous mutation carriers of MUT gene and three were confirmed as complex heterozygous or homozygous mutation carriers.Families of fetus who had normal MUT gene or fetuses who were carriers chose to continue the pregnancy,while those who had heterozygous mutation of MUT gene chose termination.The results of follow-up of newborns were consistent with that of prenatal diagnosis.Conclusions We found two novel mutations in MUT gene that might lead to isolated MMA.And Sanger sequencing technology for MUT gene sequencing analysis might effectively avoid the birth of isolated MMA children.
7.System analysis and optimization study on evaluation indexes of hospitals' technical efficiency in China
Ya'nan GUO ; Yao ZHANG ; Xinyu ZHANG ; Hang ZHANG ; Lin ZHAO ; Yaogang WANG ;
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration 2017;33(8):619-622
Objective To establish and optimize the evaluation indexes system of hospitals' technical efficiency in China.Methods Delphi method was used along with experts opinion to build the indexes system.Results The expert positive coefficient was over 80% in three rounds of consultation, and the coordination coefficients were 0.144, 0.302 and 0.533 respectively, proving the difference as statistically significant.In the end an evaluation indexes system of hospitals' technical efficiency had taken shape, comprising three level-1 indexes, 13 level-2 indexes and 114 level-3 indexes.Conclusions The evaluation indexes system of hospitals' technical efficiency established with Delphi method can contribute to optimizing resources allocation and promote efficiency of hospital service.
8.Comparison of anterograde amnesia produced by midazolam, propofol and dexmedetomidine when used to supplement sedation during neuraxial anesthesia
Aihua ZHAO ; Ya'nan LI ; Xiang LIU ; Qi ZHANG ; Xi XIN ; Qiujun WANG ; Xiuli WANG ; Shuping HUO ;
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 2017;37(4):458-460
Objective To compare the anterograde amnesia produced by midazolam,propofol and dexmedetomidine when used to supplement sedation during neuraxial anesthesia.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 18-50 yr,with body mass index of 23-26 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective operation on lower limbs with neuraxial anesthesia,were divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:midazolam group (group M),propofol group (group P) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).When the height of anesthesia was kept below T10,midazolam in a loading dose of O.05 mg/kg was intravenously injected in group M,propofol in a loading dose of O.4 mng/kg was intravenously injected in group P,and dexmedetomidine in a loading dose of 0.6 μg/kg was intravenously injected in group D.The infusion rate of the 3 drugs was adjusted to maintain bispectral index value at 82-86.When Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale scores achieved 3 or 4 after administration,anterograde amnesia was measured by postoperative recall of cards.The development of intraoperative hypotension,bradycardia and respiratory depression was recorded.Results Compared with group M,the incidence of global amnesia was significantly decreased in P and D groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of global amnesia between group P and group D (P> 0.05).No patients developed hypotension,bradycardia or respiratory depression in three groups.Conclusion Midazolam produces better anterograde amnesia than propofol and dexmedetomidine when used to supplement sedation during neuraxial anesthesia.
9.Clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of the bacterial strains isolated from blood culture in People's Hospital of Inner Mangolia Autonomous Region during the period from 2012 to 2017
Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2018;18(6):641-645
Objective The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance was studied in the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from January 2012 to December 2017 for rational antimicrobial therapy and control of bloodstream infections. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the pathogenic strains of bloodstream infection. A total of 2 095 strains were collected and subjected to identification by Bact/ALERT 3D automatic blood culture instrument and VITEK 32 automatic microbiological analysis and susceptibility testing. The data were analyzed by using WHONET 5.6 software and SPSS 22.0 software. Results Of the 2 095 strains of pathogens, gram negative bacteria accounted for 50.1% and gram-positive bacteriaaccounted for 49.9%. Specifically, the top species included coagulase negative Staphylococcus (34.8%), Escherichia coli (27.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%), and Enterococcus (6.6%). These strains were mainly identified from ICU (22.5%) and general surgery department (9.3%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 82.3% and 44.8%, respectively. No gram-positive bacteria were resistant to vancomycin and linezolid. The E. faecium strains showed higher resistance rates to common antimicrobial agents than E. faecalis strains. Enterobacteriaceae species including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae were highly resistant to ampicillin (>80%). The resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae species to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam was lower than 9.4%. In the non-fermentative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii strains were highly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents except amikacin (22.2%). Conclusions The pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection are complex, consisting of similar proportion of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The pathogens were mainly found in ICU. Antibiotic-resistant strains identified are highly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Efforts should be made to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance for rational antimicrobial therapy.
10.Prevalence trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2012
Liqing XU ; Zhijun ZHAO ; Li MA ; Chao LI ; Xuxin YANG ; Guiying HU ; Rongjie WEI ; Ya'nan LI ; Qiang LI
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2016;(1):51-53
Objective By summing up monitoring data of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2012, to evaluate epidemiological dynamics and analyze prevalence trend. Method Monitoring data of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2012 were collected, epidemiological characteristics including prevalence condition, area and population distribution were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results Totally 38 578 persons were examined from 2000 to 2012. The number of persons infected with brucellosis was 1 209, the infection rate was 3.34%;the number of patients diagnosed with human brucellosis was 344, the prevalence rate was 0.89%. New cases had occurred since 2006, and there were 158 new cases diagnosed with brucellosis. The prevalence rates in cities and areas of agriculture and pasture were 2.93%(78/2 663), 1.18%(33/2 806) and 0.70%(233/33 109), respectively. The ages of developing brucellosis ranged from 10 to 72 years old. The prevalence rates of biological pharmaceutical producers and the herdsman were [18.13%(196/1 081)] and [6.13%(353/5 763)], respectively. The prevalence rate of human brucellosis in Han nation was the highest [4.61%(467/10 140)], followed by Tibet [3.60%(443/12 318)], Mongolia [2.53%(211/8 342)], Tu [2.22%(110/4 953)] and Hui [2.09%(59/2 825)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 102.493, P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence state of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province is in a increasing trend, and new cases are increasing.