Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of surfactant protein C(SP-C)gene and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)in the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia and whether there is a mutation occurs on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Methods One hundred newborns with RDS(case group)and 100 newborns without RDS(control group)were selected.PCR gene analysis was used to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of exon 4 (T138N)and 5 (S186N)on SP-C.Results In the Han nationality newborns of Inner Mongolia region,there was no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Exon 4(T138N)on SP-C could be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AC and CC.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 4 on SP-C were not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.744,P ﹦0.689).Besides,exon 5(S186N)on SP-C could also be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AG and GG.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 5 on SP-C were also not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.770,P ﹦0.681 ).Conclusion There is no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.The genetic polymorphism of exon 4 and 5 on SP-C displays no signifi-cant correlation with RDS of the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia.

Objective By summing up monitoring data of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2012, to evaluate epidemiological dynamics and analyze prevalence trend. Method Monitoring data of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2012 were collected, epidemiological characteristics including prevalence condition, area and population distribution were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results Totally 38 578 persons were examined from 2000 to 2012. The number of persons infected with brucellosis was 1 209, the infection rate was 3.34%;the number of patients diagnosed with human brucellosis was 344, the prevalence rate was 0.89%. New cases had occurred since 2006, and there were 158 new cases diagnosed with brucellosis. The prevalence rates in cities and areas of agriculture and pasture were 2.93%(78/2 663), 1.18%(33/2 806) and 0.70%(233/33 109), respectively. The ages of developing brucellosis ranged from 10 to 72 years old. The prevalence rates of biological pharmaceutical producers and the herdsman were [18.13%(196/1 081)] and [6.13%(353/5 763)], respectively. The prevalence rate of human brucellosis in Han nation was the highest [4.61%(467/10 140)], followed by Tibet [3.60%(443/12 318)], Mongolia [2.53%(211/8 342)], Tu [2.22%(110/4 953)] and Hui [2.09%(59/2 825)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 102.493, P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence state of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province is in a increasing trend, and new cases are increasing.

Objective To understand the pathway of iodine intaking among Tibetan, and provide basic data for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Methods Through the method of random sampling, the boarding and day student aged 8 - 10 and women of childbearing age were conducted dietary survey to understand the condition of food intaking via the 24 h review method in 2015. Samples of urine, drinking water, dried beef, milk, Qula and fried noodles were collected and tested iodine level. Results Due to taking iodized salt three times a day with meals, the median of urinary iodine among 492 investigated boarding students was 179.2 μg/L;differently, the median of urinary iodine among 298 day students in this investigation was 79.6 μg/L who taking iodized salt only at lunch at school;and in the study, the median of urinary iodine among 158 women of childbearing age who took iodine-free salt daily was 33.7 μg/L. The iodine contents in 51 drinking water samples, 66 dried beef samples, 48 milk samples, 20 Qula samples and 37 fried noodle samples were quantified respectively, and the average iodine contents of each food were 0.8 μg/L in drinking water, 59.1 μg/kg in dried beef, 61.5 μg/kg in milk, 226.4 μg/kg in Qula and 17.0 μg/kg in fried noodles. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of iodine of the boarding and day students aged from 8 to 10 and women of child bearing age were 234.0, 126.4 and 76.7 μg/d, respectively, among which the ADI of iodine with iodized salt were 208.0, 78.0 and 0.0 μg/d. Conclusion Consuming iodized salt is a main method to get iodine among Tibetans in Nangqian County, so that it is significant to carried out this measure for a long time for free to let them have iodized salt every day instead of iodine-free one.

Objective To observe the effect of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll-4) on the pathological structure of retina in early diabetic rats (DM) and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth receptor-2 (VEGFR-2).Methods A total of 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and DM group,with 10 and 60 rats in each group,respectively.The rats of DM group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to established DM model.The rats with blood glucose recovery and death were excluded,and the final 60 rats were included in the statistics.Rats in the normal group were injected with an equal volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer.Rats in the DM group were divided into DM 1 month (DM lm) group,DM 2 months (DM 2m) group,DM 3 months (DM 3m) group and DM 3m + Anti group,DM 3m + phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group by random number table method,and 10 rats in each group.In the DM 3m+Anti group,4 μl ofantiDll-4 polyclonal antibody was injected into the vitreous cavity,and the antibody concentration was 0.25 mg/ml.The DM 3m+PBS group was intravitreally injected with an equal volume of PBS.Five days after the injection,the rats were sacrificed.Rats in the DM 3m group and the normal group were not treated,and were sacrificed 3 months after the model was established.The structure and microvascular changes of the retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the total thickness of the retina was measured.The expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in the retina was detected by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in the retina of each group.The least significant difference t test was used to compare the two groups.Results Light microscopy showed that the retinal ganglion cells layer in the DM 3m group were obviously edematous,the inner and outer nuclear layers were thinner,the number of cells was reduced,the arrangement was disordered,the edema of outer plexiform layer was obvious,and the microvessels were abnormally dilated.In the DM 3m+Anti group,the edema of outer plexiform layer was lessened than that of the DM 3m group,and the other layers were not significantly different from the DM 3m group.Compared with the normal group,the total retinal thickness of the DM 3m group,the DM 3m+Anti group and the DM 3m+PBS group increased (t=5.596,3.290,4.286;P=0.000,0.008,0.002).Immunohistochemical staining showed that a small amount of Dl14 was positively expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the normal group;a small amount of VEGFR-2 was positively expressed in the ganglion cell layer and the inner and outer nuclear layers.The positive expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in retinal vascular endothelial cells of DM 3m group increased significantly.The expression of Dll-4 was significantly decreased in the retinal layers and vascular endothelial cells ofDM 3m+Anti group,while the expression of VEGFR-2 was significantly increased.There was no significant difference between the positive expression of Dll4 and VEGFR-2 in the DM 3m+PBS group and the DM 3m group.The results of real-time PCR showed that the relative expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 mRNA in the DM 3m group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (t=6.705,20.871;P＜0.05).Compared with DM 3m group,the relative expression of Dll-4 mRNA in DM 3m+Anti group decreased,and the relative expression of VEGFR-2 mRNA increased (t=2.681,3.639;P＜0.05).The relative expressions of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 mRNA in the DM 3m+PBS group and DM 3m group were not statistically significant (t=0.513,0.657;P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of Dll-4 in retinal vascular endothelial cells is gradually increased during the early retinopathy of DM rats.The expression of Dll-4 is inhibited,the expression of VEGFR-2 is up-regulated,and the plexus edema is alleviated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 /PD-L1 are increasingly used to treat several types of cancer.Although several agents have been approved,only 10％ to 30％ of patients have benefited from them.Some studies have shown that intestinal micro-ecology can affect the outcome of ICIs through immune regulation in cancer patients.This literature review s summarized the regulation and predictive functions of intestinal micro-ecology on ICIs treatment,and introduced possible mechanisms of intestinal micro-ecology that affacted the efficacy of immunotherapy.In addition,some approaches for detecting gut microbiome were also summarized.Gut microbiota highlighted in this review may serve as novel biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in cancer patients.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the main causes of death and disability in adults, which has brought a heavy burden to society and families. The intertwined process of thrombosis and thrombus inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AIS. The latest studies find that C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) may play an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by promoting thrombus inflammation, and its level is related to the progression of AIS and prognoses of patients with AIS. The author reviews the physiological and pathological effects of CLEC-2 and its related research progress in AIS, with a view to provide new research evidences for the occurrence and development of AIS and related treatments.

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid volume and multiple body indexes such as urinary iodine level,height,and weight,respectively,in order to provide a theoretical basis for evaluation of goiter disease in the future. Methods The height and weight were measured, and urine samples were collected from children aged 8 to 10 years old from 10 township schools of Nangqian County in Qinghai Province in 2014 and urinary iodine was tested via the As (Ⅲ)-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry method. Meanwhile, the thyroid volume was immediately measured via the B-ultrasound method. Statistical analyses were employed finally to assess the difference and correlation between thyroid volume and multiple physiological indexes including urinary iodine level, height, weight, gender and age. Results The thyroid volume of 773 children aged 8 to 10 years old showed skewed distribution (W = 0.088, P < 0.05), with median of 3.53 ml and quartile of 3.05, 4.15 ml. The thyroid volume was not significantly different between different urinary iodine levels (H = 1.644, P > 0.05). There were significant differences of the thyroid volume among different height groups, weight groups and age groups (H=59.845,64.888,28.590,P<0.05),and the thyroid volume was positively correlated with height weight and age,respectively(r = 0.389, 0.359, 0.155, P < 0.05). Conclusions The thyroid volume is related to the level of children's physiological parameters, such as age, height, weight. Therefore, the diagnosis of thyroid volume via the B-ultrasound method for a individual child should not only take age,but also height and weight into account, to reduce the diagnostic error of goiter disease.

Overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming has enriched antibiotic-resistant genes as well as resistant bacteria in farm animals and their related environments. These antibiotic-resistant genes can spread to the natural environments by horizontal gene transfer and even to the food chain, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment, food safety and human health. With the development of genomic technology, the diversity and ecological distribution of antibiotic-resistant genes in farm animals and their related environments have been recently revealed. Here we summarized the research progress on antibiotic resistance genes in related fields, potential influence on human health, and future research needs.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current state, research hotspots, and development trends of electroencephalography (EEG) applied in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodsRelevant literature from the Web of Science core collection database from January, 2014 to January, 2024 were retrieved and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4. ResultsA total of 1 509 articles were included, with an increasing trend in publication volume over the years. The United States ranked highest in both publication volume and node centrality. The primary journals in this field were concentrated in clinical medicine, immunology and psychology. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering indicated that research primarily focused on the correlation between core symptoms of ASD and EEG indicators, differential diagnosis of ASD and its comorbidities, brain functional connectivity, and assessment of rehabilitation efficacy. Keywords bursted in the past three years mainly included artificial intelligence and machine learning. ConclusionThe researches in EEG technology in the field of ASD is generally increasing. Future researches may focus on exploring the brain network mechanisms of ASD using EEG combined with multimodal neuroimaging, and machine learning technologies.