Objective To compare the regional leptomeningeal (rLMC) scale scores,Miteff scale scores and Tan scale scores to provide the clinical basis for selecting collateral circulation evaluation methods.Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with acute ischemic stroke,admitted to our hospital from August 2013 to February 2017 were chosen in our study.The rLMC scale,Miteff scale,and Tan scale were used to evaluate the collateral circulations of each patient.The credibility and validity of these 3 scales were compared.Modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at 3 months were followed by 0-2 for good prognosis and 3-6 for poor prognosis.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors of ischemic stroke.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive values of the 3 scales for prognoses of ischemic stroke.Results Intra-observer agreement of the 3 scales from the highest to the lowest was rLMC scale (Kappa=0.871),Tan scale (Kappa=0.842),and Miteff scale (Kappa=0.752).The test-retest reliability of the 3 scales from the highest to the lowest was rLMC scale (Kappa=0.879),Tan scale (Kappa=0.826),and Miteffscale (Kappa=0.775).The validity of the 3 scales from the highest to the lowest was rLMC scale (rs=0.690),Tan scale (rs=0.680),and Miteff scale (rs=0.650).Univariable and multivariable analyses showed that the results of collateral circulation defined by rLMC scale (OR=1.325,95％CI=1.048-1.675,P=0.019),Tan scale (OR=2.938,95％CI=1.115-7.744,P=0.029) and Miteff scale (OR=2.698,95％CI=1.050-6.931,P=0.039) were associated with prognoses of acute ischemic stroke.ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of rLMC scale,Tan scale,and Miteff scale was 0.848,0.799,and 0.759,respectively;there were significant differences among the 3 scoring methods in the area under the curve (P＜0.05),indicating the predictive values of the three to the prognoses:rLMC scale＞Tan scale＞Miteff scale.Conclusions As compared with Miteff scale and Tan scale,rLMC scale has high intra-observer agreement and validity,and is reliable but complicated.The results of collateral circulation defined by these 3 scoring methods are associated with the prognoses of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the effect of virtual reality treadmill training on balance and gait in stroke patients. Methods From March,2022,to March,2023,40 stroke patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University were randomly divided into control group(n = 20)and experimental group(n = 20).Both groups received rou-tine rehabilitation training.The control group received ordinary treadmill walking training,and the experimental group received treadmill walking training with virtual reality,for two weeks.They were assessed with Berg Bal-ance Scale(BBS)and Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT),and the envelope ellipse area,center of pressure(COP)av-erage speed of movement,step length,stride length and stride width were compared between two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment,the scores of BBS and time of TUGT improved in both groups(|t|>3.508,P<0.01),and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>3.019,P<0.01);there was no significant dif-ference in the envelope ellipse area,COP average speed,and stride width between two groups(P>0.05);howev-er,the step length and stride width improved in the experimental group(|t|>4.008,P<0.01). Conclusion Treadmill training with virtual reality can improve the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

In order to promote the growth of chondrocyte ATDC-5 in collagen type II-hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate composite scaffolds constructed previously in vitro, the sustained-releasing chitosan microspheres loading TGF-β1 were prepared by emulsification and cross-linking. In addition, ATDC-5 was inoculated into the scaffolds incorporating the chitosan microspheres with TGF-β1. Results show that the morphology of microsphere was round and uniform, mean diameter was about 100 nm, absorption rate was up to 983.7%±4.38%.When the microsphere was incubated under the condition of 10⁷ U/L lysozyme, the degradation rate was only 51.0%±1.8% on day 28. Moreover, to compare the effect of TGF-β1, the growth of ATDC-5 in different scaffolds was observed by MTT assay and fluorescence staining test. According to the cumulative release curve, TGF-β1 was released quickly at initial 24 h, then gradually decelerated, finally reached the plateau after 120 h. MTT assay and fluorescence staining test demonstrated that the scaffolds were suitable for ATDC-5 growth and proliferation, as well as, suggested that the sustained-releasing chitosan microspheres loading TGF-β1 could significantly promote the growth of ATDC-5.