Abstract?AIM:To study the Influence and outcomes of eye healthcare information teaching for the visual development of children under“combination of medicine and education” in kindergartens.?METHODS:The children(5-6 years old) were randomly selected from 6 kindergartens in Nanjing, 3 in Yuhua District as the experimental group, and the other 3 in Jianye District as the control group.A one-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate the difference of visual development, including the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality, rate of astigmatism, the average of the equivalent spherical lens and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia, between the experimental group and the control group children.?RESULTS:One school year later,the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality and the rate of astigmatism, were significantly lower (P<0.05)in the experimental group under the mode of“combination of medicine and education”, which were also lower than those before experiment(P<0.05).The average of the equivalent spherical lens of experimental group increased and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia decreased significantly, compared with the control group ( P <0.05 ) and with those before experiment(P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:Using “combination of medicine and education” eye health care model,is good for children's visual development,so as to reduce the rate of low vision and delay the occurrence of myopia.

Various forms of noninvasive respiratory support have been applied to the treatment of infant respiratory distress and hypoxemia. The most common noninvasive respiratory support in neonatal intensive care unit is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). But the NCPAP systems are not always well accepted by the neonatal population, with the risk of mucosal injury and nosocomial infection. In recent years, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) has been introduced and developed as a possible alternative to NCPAP for noninvasive respiratory support mode, because it increases patients' comfort and the effectiveness of the ventilation. This article summarized the current research progress of HHFNC therapy in pediatric patients.

We recently found that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was present in lymphocytes of rat thymus and lymph node. In order to investigate whether these cells were capable of synthesizing CGRP, CGRP mRNA of rat dorsal root ganglia, thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were determined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilizing synthetic oligonucleotides bracketing a portion of the calcitonin/CGRP gene. A discrete band of the expected size of 90 base pairs was found in the dorsal root ganglia (positive control), and in both thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. These data strongly suggest that CGRP is not only an important neuropeptide, but it is also synthesized in lymphocytes of both thymus and lymph nodes, which is identical to that in sensory neurons. CGRP from lymphocytes may act as an immunomodulator and serve as a common ligand in immune and nervous systems.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of inhibitory and activating KIRs on a cohort of Chinese leukemia patients who received haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODSDonor's inhibitory and activating KIRs and recipient's HLA-C from 47 cases who received haplo-identical HSCT were tested by PCR-SSP. 2 year overall survival (OS), incidence of severe (grade III to IV) acute GVHD (aGVHD) and relapse rate (RR) were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) According to Matched (M) vs Mis-Matched (MM) between donor's inhibitory KIR and recipient's HLA-C1/C2 subgroup, 2 year OS rate in M group [(87.5 +/- 8.3)%] was significantly higher than that in MM group (54.5 +/- 9.0)%, (P = 0.03). Lower incidence of relapse rate was seen in M group than in M/MM groups [0 vs (25.4 +/- 9.5)%, P = 0.05]. In 30 cases of myeloid leukemia patients, there was lower RR in M group than in MM groups [0 vs (35.0 +/- 14.4)%, P = 0.04]. (2) According to the 3 activating KIR genes: KIR2DS1/ KIR2DS2/ KIR2DS3, lower incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was seen in KIR2DS1 (+) group than in KIR2DS1 (-) group (13% vs 28%, respectively, P > 0.05); and so was done in KIR2DS3 (+) group (11% vs 26%, respectively, P > 0.05). The RR was lower in KIR2DS2 (+) group [0% vs (17.3 +/- 7.1)%, respectively, P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSIn our haplo-identical HSCT setting, match between donor's inhibitory KIR and recipient's HLA-C can significantly reduce the incidence of relapse rate and improve OS. Although lower incidences of severe aGVHD are noted in the donors with KIR2DS1 (+) or KIR2DS3 (+), and lower relapse rate is noted in the donors with KIR2DS2 (+) but without statistic difference, no remarkable effects of activating KIRs on OS have been found in our relatively small clinical series.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Graft vs Host Disease ; HLA-C Antigens ; genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, KIR ; classification ; Recurrence ; Siblings ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

Background:Microwave therapy is a minimal invasive procedure and has been employed in clinical practice for the treatment of various types of cancers.However,its therapeutic application in non-small-cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated.This study aimed to investigate its effect on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor in vivo.Methods:Fifty LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were adopted to assess the effect of microwave radiation on the growth and apoptosis of LLC tumor in vivo.These mice were randomly assigned to 10 groups with 5 mice in each group.Five groups were treated by single pulse microwave at different doses for different time,and the other five groups were radiated by multiple-pulse treatment of a single dose.Apoptosis of cancer cells was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay.Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of proteins.Results:Single pulse of microwave radiation for 5 min had little effect on the mice.Only 15-min microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 significantly increased the mice body temperature (2.20 ± 0.82)℃ as compared with the other groups (0.78 ± 0.29 ℃,1.24 ± 0.52 ℃,0.78 ± 0.42 ℃,respectively),but it did not affect the apoptosis of LLC tumor cells significantly.Continous microwave radiation exposure,single dose microwave radiation once per day for up to seven days,inhibited cell division and induced apoptosis of LLC tumor cells in a dose-and duration-dependent manner.It upregulated the protein levels of p53,Caspase 3,Bax and downregulated Bcl-2 protein.Conclusions:Multiple exposures of LLC-bearing mice to microwave radiation effectively induced tumor cell apoptosis at least partly by upregulating proapoptotic proteins and downregulating antiapoptotic proteins.Continuous radiation at low microwave intensity for a short time per day is promising in treating non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ulinastatin on the delivery of cytokines in patients with septic shock.Methods It was a prospective and controlled clinical study.Seventy-eight patients with septic shock were randomly divided into control group and treatment group and thirty-nine in every group.Patients in treatment group received Ulinastatin 200 000 units intravenous everyday for 3 days,while those in control group received equal volume of normal saline as placebo.At different time points (at 24 th,48 th,72 th hour after start of treatment),the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?),interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6 ),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were assayed.Results In comparison with control group,the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL- 8 of treatment group decreased markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at different time points,whereas the level of SOD was higher markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at various time points.Conclusion Ulinastatin has protective effect on patients with septic shock through decreasing the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and increasing in the level of SOD.

OBJECTIVETo explore mechanism of dermal toxicity of trichloroethylene(TCE).

METHODSNormal human keratinocytes (KC) were isolated from foreskins of healthy donors undergoing circumcision by two-step trypsin digestion and cultured in serum-free medium. Cells were treated with medium, 1% acetone (volume fraction) 0.125, 0.500 or 2.000 mmol/L TCE for different time (4, 8, 12 or 24) hours. After treatment, MTT assay and ATPase activity detected, inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme was calculated according to optical density (A) value of MTT assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry FCM after being stained with Rhodamine123 (Rh123). Morphological changes were also observed through transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSCellular viability and ATPase activity declined with dose of TCE, while inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme increased with dose of TCE. FCM results showed that after treatment with 2.000 mmol/L TCE, fluorescence density of Rh123 decreased quickly from 18.73 +/- 0.45(0 h) to 8.20 +/- 0.66(8 h) (P < 0.01). After 8 h, fluorescence density maintained at the level equal to that of 8 h (fluorescence density of Rh123 were 8.20 +/- 0.36 and 8.20 +/- 0.40 for 12 and 24 h respectively, compared with that for 8 h group, P > 0.05). The results also showed that MMP diminished with dose of TCE. Under TEM, mitochondria in TCE-treated group appeared extensive swelling and vacuolar degeneration with less matrix and obscure or vanished mitochondria cristae but in control group, mitochondrial structure was integrated, with uniform matrix and visible mitochondria cristae.

CONCLUSIONSTCE could inhibit mitochondrial metabolic enzyme, reduce ATP production, diminish MMP, and destroy ultrastructure of mitochondria in KC, all these contributing to the cytotoxicity of TCE.

Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of Shenxiong injection on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of senile rats.

METHODTotally 108 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group, the Ni-modipine group and Shenxiong injection groups (low, middle, and high doses). The rat brain ischemia-reperfusion model was established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method in rats, in order to observe the effect of Shenxiong injection on neurological score and brain infarct volume of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and determine the contents of NOS, NO, SOD, MDA and LDH in brain tissues. The contents of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in brain tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

RESULTShenxiong injection could significantly decrease neurological score, injury degree of brain tissues and brain infarct volume of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, increase the vigor of SOD, decrease the levels of MDA, NO, NOS and LDH, and inhibit IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expressions.

CONCLUSIONShenxiong injection has the obvious protective effect on the brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the improvement of neurological function, the reduction of free radical injury, and the inhibition of inflammation factor expression.

Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Injections ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyse the clinical features, diagnostic methods and risk factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSAnalysis was made on 24 cases of CMV enteritis after allo-HSCT in Beijing Daopei Hospital from Aug. 2007 to Jul. 2009, including clinical data, endoscopic diagnosis, histopathological and virological results, and the association between CMV enteritis with viremia and graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).

RESULTS87.5% of the patients were over 18 years old. The median time to diagnosis of CMV enteritis was 63 days after HSCT. The mucosal lesions in enteroscopic examination had no significant differences between CMV enteritis and gastrointestinal GVHD complicated with the enteritis. The methods used in diagnosis included histopathology (32.1%) and virology (92.9%). The copies of CMVDNA in mucosal samples greater than 10(5)/10(6) PBNC was better diagnosis. A number of risk factors were compared between the survival and death groups: type of transplant, conditioning regimen, the time span of ganciclovir prophylaxis therapy, grade II-IV GVHD before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as GVHD, using MP > or = 1 mg/kg to treat GVHD, the time between GVHD and enteritis, CMV viremia before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as enteritis, CMVDNA quantitation, and there were no any statistic differences.

CONCLUSIONCytomegalovirus enteritis should be carefully diagnosed by histopathology and virology through endoscopic examination. It is better to undertake pan-colon endoscopy as well as terminal ileum examination for more accurate diagnosis. PCR can significantly improve the detection rate. CMVDNA detection in patients' stool may be helpful to diagnosis, especially for those patients who can not stand the endoscopy examination.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; etiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Enteritis ; etiology ; virology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult