OBJECTIVE:To predict the shelf life of compound sodium citrate injection by initial average rate stability test. METHODS: The initial average rate stability test was performed at 7 different temperatures to investigate the relationship between the initial average rate (V0) of the glucose degradation reaction and Kelvin's temperature (1/T), and the activation energy of reaction, the drug reaction velocity constant and shelf life were computed as well. RESULTS: The regression equation was lgV0=18.15—6 774.6?1/T(r=—0.937 5), the reaction activation energy was 31.0Kcal?mol-1, the drug reaction velocity constant at 20℃ was 1.1?10-5h-1, and the shelf life was 1.09 years. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and it can accurately predicate the shelf life of compound sodium citrate injection.

OBJECTIVE:To study the situation of anemia in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer and breast cancer patients treated with 7 kinds of chemotherapy regimes. METHODS:110 cases of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer and breast cancer from May 2008 to Feb. 2009 in People’s Hospital of Peking University were analyzed retrospectively. The level of hemoglobin in patients treated with different chemotherapy regimes were evaluated and analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS:Of total 110 patients, class Ⅰ anemia occurred 194 times and class Ⅱ anemia occurred 55 times. High incidence of anemia appeared in chemotherapy regimes with platinum as base. Low incidence of anemia occurred in TA chemotherapy regime. The older patient is,the more easily anemia occurred. CONCLUSION:The incidence of anemia after chemotherapy is related to type of cancer,chemotherapy regime, chemotherapy cycle and patient’s age.

Objective To evaluate the resultof applying computer simulated human for the diagnostics teaching.Methods The survey was conducted on medical simulation teaching and traditional teaching applied in 338 medical students through statistical evaluation of operative performance and questionnaire.Results The simulation teaching group performed better than the traditional teaching group on the operative assessment(P<0.05).79.2%students thought it was necessary to have simulation teaching.Conclusions Computer simulated human Can improve students'clinical practice ability.

Professional post means the personal capability certified by nation. Professional post has the function of choosing approriate person and helping to reform salary distribution system,and has beome an important lever to arouse the working enthusiasm of staffs.This article introduces the experience of using professional post to improve clinlical teaching work in the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University.

In order to raise international comprehensive medical talents to have strong competition capability,the bilingual teaching is on the rise in the domain of medical education. Questionnaire-based survey among the 5-year-proguam medicinal undergraduate students was conducted to investigate the students'learning condition,acquaintanceship and requirements on the bilingual teaching so as to further reform and explore ways to improve the quality of bilingual teaching

Based on the practical situations of higher medical education in china,the author discussesd the bottleneck problems in the development of medical bilingual teaching and proposed some measures to overcome these difficulties on the teaching objective,teaching staffs,textbooks,students' quality and evaluation mechanism of teaching quality.

OBJECTIVEbeta-Elemene is an active component of herb medicine Curcuma wenyujin, N-(beta-elemene-13-yl)tryptophan (ET) was synthesized to increase the activity. The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of ET were investigated with NB4 cell.

METHODThe mechanism of ET were studied with the technology of cell culture in vitro using MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis.

RESULTET inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in NB4 cell at concentrations less than 40 micromol x L(-1). The apoptosis induction of ET in NB4 cell was associated with the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activation of caspase-3. Catalase pretreatment blocked ET-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells.

CONCLUSIONET induces apoptosis through generation of H2O2 in NB4 cell.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics,outcome and prognostic factors of primary intraspinal tumor treated with postoperative radiotherapy.Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed as suffering from intraspinal tumor treated with postoperative radiotherapy were analyzed.There were eighteen male and fifteen female,with a median age of 37 years(range 7-64 years).Two patients were treated with grossly total resection,25 subtotal resection,2 biopsy only.These patients were treated either with(~(60)Co)(n =18,before 1998) or 6?MV-X ray(n =15,after 1998) to the total dose of 45-68?Gy.The overall response and survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was tested by the log-rank method.The prognostic factors related to the characteristics of patient,tumor,and treatment were determined.Results The overall response,five-year and disease-free survival rate was 81.3%,59.4% and 56.3%,respectively.By multivariate analysis,the histological type(P= 0.039) and gender(P= 0.049) had independent impact on the 5-year survival rate.Ependymoma had a better prognosis compared to other histological subsets and female gained more survival advantage over male.There was no close relationship between survival and other factors,such as age,extent of surgery,initial site,irradiation dose,or the interval between surgery and radiotherapy.Conclusions Postoperative radiotherapy is safe and effective for primary intraspinal tumor.The histological type and gender are important prognostic factors of survival in primary intraspinal tumors.

Objective To investigate the effect of natural killer (NK) cells treated by serum of severe preeclampsia patient on the function of endothelial cells.Methods Fifteen patients with severe preeclampsia and 15 normal pregnant women from the Obstetrics department,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University were admitted into this case-control study from January 1,2006 to December 31,2008.NK cells from healthy non-pregnant woman were incubated with 20% serum from severe preeclampsia patients or normal pregnant women for 20 hours.Then,human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC) and serum-treated NK cells were co-incubated for 24 hours.Apoptosis of HUVEC was checked by flow cytometry and electronic microscope.Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in the supernatants of HUVEC and NK cells were examined by radioimmunologic method.Results In severe preeclampsia group,the percentage of early apoptosis cell (Annexin V-FITC+ /PI+ ) was (23.81±4.79)%,that of late apoptosis cell (AnnexinV-FITC+/PI+ ) was (3.29±1.04) %,while those were (16.59±5.13)% and (2.24±0.72)% respectively in normal pregnant group (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in dead cells (Annexin V-FITC- /PI+ ).Under electronic microscope,typical morphologic changes of apoptosis were shown in severe preeclampsia group.Level of ET-1 in

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the way to provide suitable pharmacecaical care for antineophastic drug-induced ADR by clinical pharmacists. METHODS:For one case of 5-FU chemotherapy-induced neutropenia associated with fever and diarrhea, clinical pharmacists provided advices on antibacterial treatment,including imipenem/cilastatin 0.5 g,q6 h,ivgtt;norvancomycin 0.4 g,q6 h,po;levofloxacin 0.4 g,qd,ivgtt;loperamide with initial dose of 4 mg for anti-diarrheal medication,maintaining at 2 mg,q4 h. RESULTS:After 22 days of appropriate antibacterial and anti-diarrheal treatment,the patient's body temperature and he-mogram returned to normal,diarrhea stopped and β-HCG decreased to 61.58 U/L;then the patient was discharged from hospital. CONCLUSIONS:It is beneficial to optimize chemotherapy plan and ADR disposal,and ensure the safety of the treatment that clini-cal pharmacists assist physicans to optimize therapy plan and provide pharmaceutical care.