OBJECTIVE To find out the usage of the antibiotics in an infectious disease hospital and provide improvement method as well as instructional foundation for applying the antibiotics in a reasonable way. METHODS The antibiotic usage in 5507 cases recorded in medical histories during the period of the whole hospitalization from Jan to Dec 2007 was investigate. RESULTS The drug utilization rate was 20.81% in the hepatopathy department,67.65% in the general infection department,68.06% in the department of obstetrics gynecology(OG) and 53.10% in the the surgery department.The usage in OG and general infection departments was obviously higher than in the hepatopathy one. CONCLUSIONS The usage of the antibiotics is still not very reasonable,and more attention should be paid to normolizing it.

Echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosing cardiac tumors and is helpful for subsequent treatment decision making.However,conventional echocardiography can hardly meet the clinical requirements of sufficient diagnosis,mostly due to the fact that it usually does little on identification of benign and malignant characters of tumors.Contrast echocardiography is a new technology using microbubbles as a contrast agent to trace the blood flow,which promotes the definition of endocardium lines and helps to reveal spaceoccupying abnormities in heart.Moreover,myocardial contrast echocardiography can be used to evaluate perfusions of intracardiac masses,and thus improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis enormously.

Due to practical and ethical concerns associated with human experiments, animal models have been essential in cancer research.Vast resources are expended during the development of new cancer therapeutics, and selection of optimal in vivo models should improve this process.Genetically engineered mouse models ( GEMM) of cancer have progressively improved in technical sophistication and, accurately recapitulating the human cognate condition, have provided opportunities to accelerate the development of cancer drugs.In this article we consider the different types of animal models used for predicting the results of clinical trials of cancer drugs, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each in this regard.In addition, the methods of predicting in vivo models and clinical translation are discussed.

Vascular dementia is one of the common causes of cognitive impairment.Occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries, middle cerebral artery occlusion, as well as induced hypertension are major methods to make rat model for vascular dementia.The present review will summarize research progress in medical and non-medical treatment of vascular dementia rat models in order to provide theoretical direction for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the risk factors of pregnancy complications in patients with gestationaldiabetesmellitus(GDM).Methods 134patientswithGDMweredividedintocontrolgroup without complication (n= 38) and complication group(n= 96).Serum fasting levels of glucose (FPG) , insulin ,lipid and C‐reactive protein (C‐RP) were measured. Both maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy were recorded. Results The levels of C‐RP ,FPG ,progestation BMI and lategestation BMI were significantly increased in complication group than in control group [(5.46 ± 4.20) vs (2.60 ± 2.76) mg/L ,(5.68 ± 1.36) vs (5.25 ± 0.77)mmol/L ,(24.79 ± 3.92) vs (23.03 ± 2.51)kg/m2 ,(29.05 ± 3.79) vs (27.25 ± 2.58)kg/m2 respectively ,P< 0.05].The C‐RP level is significantly associated with FPG.Logistic analysis showed that maternal complications were significantly related to lategestation BMI ,C‐RP , TC and HDL‐C.Infant complications were significantly related to C‐RP. Conclusion C‐RP ,lipid and late gestation BMI play important roles in the development of maternal‐neonatal complications during pregnancy. Keeping rational levels of glucose ,lipid and weight gain are helpful for improving pregnancy outcomes.

Biology-related disciplines in medical school of comprehensive university are cur-rently confronted with some difficulties, including unclear position and indistinguishable characteris-tics. In this paper, we proposed that biology-related disciplines in medical school of comprehensive university should center on disease research, emphasize medical feature and give full play to its tech-nical advantage thus to provide technical support for basic medicine and clinical medicine. Mean-while, sources of multiple disciplines should be effectively integrated by breaking through the limitation of discipline and administrative system. An interdisciplinary molecular medicine platform was built up for researching and teaching.

Objective To study the clinical features and the clustering of risk factors in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),and analyze the risk factors.Methods Two hundred and three gravida were selected.According to the result of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test,they were divided into 2 groups:GDM group(134 cases) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (69 cases).Blood sugar,blood fat and insulin were measured,and the homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),pancreatic islet beta cell function index (HOMA-β) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated.The relation was analyzed between the risk factors and GDM.Results The age,progestation body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,triglyeride,low density lipoprotein-eholesterol (LDL-C),HOMA-IR and the positive rate of diabetes mellitus family history in GDM group were significantly higher than those in NGT group [(30.8 ±4.1) years vs.(28.7 ±3.9) years,(24.29 ±3.65) kg/m2 vs.(21.35 ±2.39) kg/m2,(5.22 ±1.26) mmol/L vs.(4.33 ±0.53) mmol/L,(9.27 ±3.55) mU/L vs.(4.75 ±2.73) mU/L,(5.54 ± 1.26) mmol/L vs.(3.74 ± 1.07) mmol/L,(2.63 ± 1.43) mmol/L vs.(1.73 ± 0.76) mmol/L,(3.02 ± 0.97) mmol/L vs.(2.10 ± 0.75) mtmol/L,0.67 ± 0.47 vs.0.43 ± 0.34,40.3％ (54/134) vs.26.1％(18/69)],there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The HOMA-β and ISI in GDM group were significantly lower than those in NGT group (4.62 ± 0.72 vs.5.57 ± 1.30 and-3.79 ± 0.47 vs.-2.91 ± 0.48),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis result showed that fasting blood glucose (OR =6.016,95％ CI:1.603-22.585,P =0.008),total cholesterol (OR =2.823,95％ CI:1.568-5.083,P=0.001),diabetes mellitus family history (OR =2.780,95％ CI:1.168-6.617,P=0.021),fasting insulin(OR =1.954,95％ CI:1.371-2.785,P=0.001),progestation BMI(OR =1.787,95％ CI:1.124-2.839,P =0.014),age (OR =1.374,95％ CI:1.087-1.737,P =0.008) and diastolic pressure (OR =1.184,95％ CI:1.045-1.342,P =0.008) were the risk factors of GDM.Conclusions GDM has the clinical features of the clustering of risk factors and genetic susceptibility.The disorder of lipid metabolism and glycometabolism,genetic susceptibility and age are the main risk factors in the development of GDM.

Acupuncture, Ear ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Vertigo ; etiology

The article summarized the practice teaching experience of traumatology: strengthening the learning education of medical ethics and the knowledge of psychology,understanding the specificity and complexity in traumatology,following the rule of evidence-based medicine and establishing clinic thoughts,strengthening the training of basic skill,basic knowledge and basic theory and helping the interns transit to clinical clerkship.

Objective To observe the effect of low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis pregnancy(ICP)and regulation of cytokines.Methods 124 patients with ICP were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was treated with SAMe +UDCA therapy,the con-trol group was added low molecular weight heparin.All patients were treated for 10 days.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bile acid (TBA),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF -α)and IL-18 were observed before and after treatment.Results After treatment,ALT,AST and TBA levels were lower in the two groups(t=64.48,110.14,45.75,40.76,62.54,24.67,all P=0.000),which of the observation group were higher(t=62.42,49.42,23.03,all P=0.000).After treatment,the TNF-αand IL-18 levels were lower in the two groups(t=13.14,25.07,all P=0.000),the TNF-αlevel in the observation group was lower than the control group(t=4.91,P=0.000).After treatment,the incidence rates of neonatal meconium,neonatal asphyxia of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(7.14%vs.20.69%,χ2 =4.33,P=0.037;8.93% vs.24.14%,χ2 =4.75,P=0.029).The incidence rate of fetal and maternal hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (1.79% vs.1.72%,χ2 =0.00,P=0.980;5.17% vs.3.57%,χ2 =0.17,P=0.680).Conclusion The effect of low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is exact,it can reduce the biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokine expression and improve perinatal outcome,which deserves to promote in the clinical treatment application.