Objective: To understand current situation and associated factors of brucellosis infection among students in Mongolian middle school in Abaga Banner, and to provide basis for further development of prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: Serological examinations were performed on pupils and middle school students in a Mongolian middle school in Abaga Banner. Questionnaire surveys were used to investigate students knowledge of eating behaviors related to brucellosis infection. Results: A total of 500 primary and middle school students were investigated, and 6 cases of brucellosis were confirmed, and the infection rate was 1.20%. There were 4 cases of male infection and 2 cases of female infection. The infection rate in boys (1.61%) was higher than that of girls (0.79%). Higher proportion was found in 14-year-old group (n=3), accounting for 17.40%. The residence period of 10-15 years includes 6 cases of all infected persons. The number of infections in Narenbaolige Town was 4, accounting for 23.40%. Univariate logistic regression analysis shows that frequent consumption of unsterilized dairy products, milking, processing lambs or slugs and infected cloth The disease was positively correlated (OR=11.80, 139.14, 8.02, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that milking was positively correlated with brucellosis infection(OR=20.19, 95%CI=2.01-202.74, P=0.01). Conclusion The brucellosis infection of Mongolian primary and middle school students in Abaga Banner is related to a variety of related dietary factors, and its prevention and treatment should be strengthened.