OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of nabumetone capsule by fluoresscent spectrophotmetry.METHOD:Spectrophotofluorimetry was used to determine the content of nabumetone capsules at the fixed wavelength,Ex=274.0nm,Em=355.0nm,in anhydrous ethanol.RESULTS:The average recovery is 99.91%,RSD=0.75%.The liner range is between 0.01～2μg/ml.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive and accuracy.

Objective To summarize the long term outcomes and prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy.MethodsFrom Nov 2001to Dec 2009,totally 416 newly diagnosed NPC patients was treated in our hospital.The prescribed dose was 70-78 Gy to the gross tumor volume and 70 Gy to the positive neck nodes,60 Gy to the clinical target volume,and 50-56 Gy to the clinically negative neck.Among 333 stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ patients according to the 2010 UICC staging system,187 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with a regimen of weekly cisplatin 30mg/m2.Local control rate (LC),overall survival (OS),disease-hree survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe follow up rate is 98.0％.158 patients was followed up more than 5 years.The 5 years LC,OS,DFS and DMFS of whole group were 87.7％,82.1％,71.8％ and 84.5％.Sex,Age,T stage and N stage were independent prognostic factors for OS (x2=4.59,11.20,19.40,18.00,P=0.03,0.00,0.00,0.00),T and N stage were independent prognostic factors for DFS (x2=33.50,21.20,P=0.00,0.00) and DMFS (x2=11.90,14.60,P=0.01,0.01).The 5 years LC,OS,DFS and DMFS for local-regional advanced disease with or without concurrent chemotherapy was 82.2％ and 90.7％ (x2=1.72,P=0.19),70.2％ and 83.4％ (x2=1.42,P=0.23),62.8％ and 73.2％ (x2=2.83,P=0.09),78.0％ and 83.2％ (x2=0.37,P=0.55)respectively.Conclusions The long term outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by intensitymodulated radiotherapy was encouraged.The role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy needs further investigated.

Objective: Employment is important for patients with chronic illness, and to remain employed is a robust support to them. This study aimed to examine the employment rate and to identify factors associated with employment among multiple sclerosis (MS) in Hong Kong. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from 2010 to 2011 at five major public hospitals. Fifty-nine clinical definite MS patients with no evidence of dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 22) were recruited. Demographic data and neuropsychological test results including memory, visual perception, psychological well-being, motor, executive domain and processing speed were collected. Principal component analysis and logistic regression with multiple imputation were used in data analyses. Results: The employment rate among MS patients was 56%. Patients with better cognitive functions were more likely to be employed (p=0.002). No significant association was found between employment status and age, gender, level of education, types of MS, disease duration, frequency of relapse or use of interferon. Conclusion: MS patients had high unemployment rate (44%) which was 11.5 times higher than the general population in Hong Kong. MS patients with better cognitive functions had higher employment rates.
Multiple Sclerosis

Objective To assess the feasibility, efficiency and selectivity of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to local arterial wall by protein-coated metallic stent. Methods A replication-defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the Lac Z reporter gene for nuclear specific β-galactosidase (Ad-βgal) was used in this study. The coating for metallic stent was made by immersing it in a gelatin solution containing crosslinker. The coated stents were mounted on a 4.0 or 3.0 mm percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon and submersed into a high-titer Ad-βgal viral stock (2 × 1010 pfu/ml) for 3 min, and then implanted into the carotid artedes in 4 mini-swines and into the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery in 2 mini-swines via 8F large lumen guiding catheters. The animals were sacrificed 7 (n=4), 14 (n = 1) and 21 (n = 1 ) days after implantation, respectively. The β-galactosidase expression was assessed by X-gal staining. Results The results showed that the expression of transgene was detected in all animal. In 1 of carotid artery with an intact intima, the β-gal expression was limited to endothelial cells. In vessels with denuded endothelium, gene expression was found in the sub-intima, media and adventitia. The transfection efficiency of medial smooth muscle cells was 38.6%. In 2 animals sacrificed 7 days after transfection, a microscopic examination of X-gal-stained samples did not show evidence of transfection in remote organs and arterial segments adjacent to the treated arterial site. Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer to endothelial, smooth muscle cells and adventitia by protein-coated metallic stent is feasible. The transfection efficiency is higher. The coated stent may act as a good carrier of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and have a potential to prevent restenosis following PTCA.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different doses and timing of normal saline (NS) resuscitation combined with norepinephrine (NE) on endothelial glycocalyx in rabbits with early septic shock. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into sham group, model group, 30 mL and 60 mL timely resuscitation groups (30 mL and 60 mL timely group), and 30 mL delayed resuscitation group (30 mL delayed group) with 6 rabbits in each group. The rabbit model of septic shock was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rabbits in sham group were only received abdominal cavity open without cecal and ligation. The rabbits in 30 mL and 60 mL timely groups and 30 mL delayed group were intravenous infused with 30 mL/kg or 60 mL/kg NS immediately or 1 hour after model reproduction for 1 hour, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained over 75 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) compared with intravenous pumping of 0.02-0.05 μg×kg^-1×min^-1 NE followed by 5 mL/h NS infusion till the end of the experiment. The rabbits in sham and model groups were only given 5 mL/h NS. The changes in arterial blood gas before and immediately after resuscitation were observed in three fluid resuscitation groups. The internal jugular vein blood was collected at 0, 3, 6 hours after model reproduction. The levels of syndecan-1 (polysaccharide envelope marker) in plasma were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rabbits were sacrificed at 6 hours after model reproduction, and the lung tissue was harvested. Western Blot was used to determine the protein expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and syndecan-1. The positive expression of syndecan-1 in lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: (1) Blood gas analysis: compared with the results before resuscitation, the levels of lactic acid (Lac) after resuscitation in three fluid resuscitation groups were significantly decreased, especially in 30 mL timely group; the central venous blood oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) was significantly increased, especially in 30 mL delayed group. Oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂) was improved in 30 mL timely and 30 mL delayed resuscitation groups, which was decreased in 60 mL delayed group. (2) Plasma marker: compared with sham group, plasma syndecan-1 level in model group was significantly increased with a time-dependent manner. Plasma syndecan-1 levels at 3 hours in 30 mL timely and 30 mL delayed groups were significantly decreased as compared with those of model group (ng/L: 138.0±2.4, 139.7±15.7 vs. 161.5±4.1, both P < 0.05), but it was significantly increased at 6 hours in 30 mL delayed group (ng/L: 213.1±19.4 vs. 206.4±15.5, P < 0.05). The plasma syndecan-1 levels at 3 hours and 6 hours in 60 mL timely group were significantly higher than those in model group (ng/L: 233.0±28.9 vs. 161.5±4.1, 252.3±27.2 vs. 206.4±15.5, both P < 0.05). (3) Protein expression in lung tissue: compared with sham group, the protein expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-2 in lung tissue of model group were significantly increased, and syndecan-1 protein expression was significantly decreased. After 30 mL timely or 30 mL delayed resuscitation, the protein expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-2 in lung tissue were significantly decreased, and syndecan-1 protein expression was significantly increased, especially in 30 mL timely group, which showed statistical differences as compared with those of model group (ICAM-1 protein: 0.56±0.09 vs. 1.04±0.05, MMP-2 protein: 0.83±0.15 vs. 1.06±0.06, syndecan-1 protein: 2.09±0.08 vs. 0.99±0.03, all P < 0.05). The change tendency of protein expressions in 60 mL timely group was opposite to the other two resuscitation groups. (4) Immunohistochemistry: the positive expression of syndecan-1 in lung tissues was significant in the sham group, and it was lowered in model group. The positive expression of syndecan-1 was increased after 30 mL timely or 30 mL delayed resuscitation, but further weakened in 60 mL timely group. CONCLUSIONS The dose and timing of resuscitation with NS in septic shock can affect pulmonary vascular endothelial glycocalyx function. The timely resuscitation with 30 mL NS in combination with NE plays a protective effect on endothelial cell and glycocalyx. However, NS resuscitation which was not timely or excessive infusion can make the glycocalyx degradation more obvious, resulting in increased endothelial permeability, microcirculation damaged, thus aggravate lung injury.
Animals ; Fluid Therapy ; Glycocalyx ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Rabbits ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Septic

Objective To investigate the capability of semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE-MRI) to predict the response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy( CCRT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) .Methods A total of 24 patients with stageⅢA orⅢB NSCLC, who underwent 3.0T DCE-MRI before CCRT, were enrolled in this study.Semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters were calculated by Funtool and Omnikinetics software. The relationship between these obtained parameters and tumor response was evaluated by Spearmen′s correlation analysis.The patients were classified into two groups according to the tumor regression rate after treatment, as response group ( group A) and non-response group ( group B) .Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the parameters of responders and non-responders.The value of the parameters on predicting response was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results The tumor regression rate after treatment was negatively correlated with time to peak ( TTP ) and the extravascular-extracellular volume fraction ( Ve ) , and was positively correlated with signal enhancement ratio ( SERmax ) and volume transfer constant (Ktrans)(P<0.05 for all).Statistical significant differences were found between group A and group B both in semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters ( P<0.05) .Group A had a lower TTP value [(34.66±16.37)s vs.(44.09±17.41)s] and Ve value [(0.19±0.03) vs.(0.25±0.05)] than group B, whereas group A had a higher SERmax[(166.50±44.95)%vs.(113.57±46.62)%] and Ktrans[(0.41±0.17) min-1 vs.(0.28±0.12) min-1] than group B (P<0.05 for all).The ROC analysis indicated that when setting the threshold of Ve on≤0.21 for predicting response, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 85 .7%, 8 0 .0%and 8 3 .3%, respectively , with an area under curve of 0 .8 7 5 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) .Conclusions Both the semi-quantitative and quantitative DCE-MRI parameters are helpful for predicting the response after CCRT of NSCLC.Quantitative parameters seem to be more meaningful than semi-quantitative parameters.

Objective To investigate the capability of semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE-MRI) to predict the response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy( CCRT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) .Methods A total of 24 patients with stageⅢA orⅢB NSCLC, who underwent 3.0T DCE-MRI before CCRT, were enrolled in this study.Semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters were calculated by Funtool and Omnikinetics software. The relationship between these obtained parameters and tumor response was evaluated by Spearmen′s correlation analysis.The patients were classified into two groups according to the tumor regression rate after treatment, as response group ( group A) and non-response group ( group B) .Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the parameters of responders and non-responders.The value of the parameters on predicting response was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results The tumor regression rate after treatment was negatively correlated with time to peak ( TTP ) and the extravascular-extracellular volume fraction ( Ve ) , and was positively correlated with signal enhancement ratio ( SERmax ) and volume transfer constant (Ktrans)(P<0.05 for all).Statistical significant differences were found between group A and group B both in semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters ( P<0.05) .Group A had a lower TTP value [(34.66±16.37)s vs.(44.09±17.41)s] and Ve value [(0.19±0.03) vs.(0.25±0.05)] than group B, whereas group A had a higher SERmax[(166.50±44.95)%vs.(113.57±46.62)%] and Ktrans[(0.41±0.17) min-1 vs.(0.28±0.12) min-1] than group B (P<0.05 for all).The ROC analysis indicated that when setting the threshold of Ve on≤0.21 for predicting response, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 85 .7%, 8 0 .0%and 8 3 .3%, respectively , with an area under curve of 0 .8 7 5 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) .Conclusions Both the semi-quantitative and quantitative DCE-MRI parameters are helpful for predicting the response after CCRT of NSCLC.Quantitative parameters seem to be more meaningful than semi-quantitative parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between physiological parameters changes and severe heatstroke induced by 5-km armed cross-country training. METHODS: A total of 521 male officers and soldiers from a special team who participated in the summer training of 5-km armed cross-country training from year 2016 to 2017 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in high temperature and humidity environment of ambient temperature > 32 centigradeand (or) relative humidity > 65%. The trainees were divided into two groups according to the incidence of severe heatstroke in the course of training. The age, enlistment time, constitution score, body mass index (BMI), external environment (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index) of trainees of the two groups, and the change rates of arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO₂), body temperature, pulse and blood pressure within 5 minutes after the 5-km armed cross-country training were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke were screened by two classified Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of various risk factors of severe heatstroke was analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: In 521 trainees of 5-km armed cross-country training, 29 trainees suffered from severe heatstroke accounting for 5.57%. There was no significant difference in the age, enlistment time, constitution score, BMI, or external environment during 5-km armed cross-country training between severe heatstroke group and non-severe heatstroke group. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, blood pressure and SaO₂ increased rate within 5 minutes after 5-km armed cross-country training of severe heatstroke trainees were significantly decreased [temperature descending rate: (0.67±0.30)% vs. (1.43±1.28)%, pulse descending rate: (7.53±5.21)% vs. (13.48±8.07)%, blood pressure descending rate: (9.28±6.84)% vs. (19.42±7.73)%, SaO₂ increased rate: (0.51±0.39)% vs. (1.50±1.43)%, all P < 0.01]. Two classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the temperature descending rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.485, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.289-0.817], pulse descending rate (OR = 0.903, 95%CI = 0.845-0.965), blood pressure descending rate (OR = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.790-0.896), and SaO2 increased rate (OR = 0.421, 95%CI = 0.250-0.711) were the risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that temperature descending rate [area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95%CI = 0.604-0.714], pulse descending rate (AUC = 0.730, 95%CI = 0.762-0.900), blood pressure descending rate (AUC = 0.831, 95%CI = 0.659-0.801), SaO₂ increased rate (AUC = 0.711, 95%CI = 0.655-0.767) could be used for the incidence of severe heatstroke prediction during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01), and the predicted value was the same. CONCLUSIONS Under the same conditions, the severe heatstroke during 5-km cross-country training is closely related to the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure as well as SaO₂ increased rate within 5 minutes after the training, whose predictive values for severe heatstroke were the same.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Heat Stroke ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors

Cryopreservation impairs sperm quality and functions, including motility and DNA integrity. Antioxidant additives in sperm freezing media have previously brought improvements in postthawed sperm quality. Green tea extract (GTE) is widely considered as an excellent antioxidant, and its beneficial role has been proven in other human cells. This study aims to evaluate the GTE as a potential additive in cryopreservation media of human spermatozoa. In part one, the semen of 20 normozoospermic men was used to optimize the concentration of GTE that maintains sperm motility and DNA integrity against oxidative stress, induced by hydrogen peroxide (H