Mounting evidence supports that a newly identified regulatory T cell (Treg), CD4(+)LAP(+) Treg, is associated with oral tolerance induction and following inhibition of atherosclerosis, but little is described about whether nasal tolerance to antigen likewise induces the novel Tregs production and the relevant antiatherosclerotic benefit. We investigated the effect of nasal administration of heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) on atherogenesis. HSP60 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was nasally administered to six-week-old male ApoE(-/-) mice. At the 10th week after the nasal administration, there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque areas of aortic roots in the HSP60-treated mice as compared with those in the PBS-treated mice. Atherosclerosis suppression was accompanied with a significant increase in CD4(+)LAP(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and a concurrently increased production of TGF-β in the HSP60-treated mice. The protective effect of HSP60 was offset by injection of anti-TGF-β antibody. It is concluded that nasal administration of HSP60 can inhibit atherosclerotic formation through immune tolerance which is established by Tregs depending on the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. Immune tolerance induced by nasal administration of HSP60 may provide an alternative therapeutic method for atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe brain functional activity of patients with arrhythmia after radiofrequency ablation with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).Methods Twenty-six patients with anxiety disorder after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were included as RFCA group.Age and sex matched twenty-six healthy volunteers were included as control group.The difference of ALFF between the two groups was analyzed by two-sample t test.Partial correlation between extracted values from dysfunctional brain regions and hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores were investigated.Results Compared with control group,ALFF of left middle temporal gyrus,right putamen,left amygdala significantly increased,and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),right praecuneus,left middle frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyus significantly decreased in RFCA group (Alphasim correction,P＜0.01).ALFF values of left DLPFC were negatively correlated with HAMA scores (r=-0.872,P=0.013).Conclusion The brain activity of RFCA patients in resting state is abnormal.ALFF can provide more evidences for the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of single kidney transplantation for children from pediatric donors between body weight ≤15 kg and >15 kg.Methods:A retrospective review in 156 children with single donor kidney transplantation from August 2010 to December 2019 in the Kidney Transplantation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was conducted. The patients were classified into the small kidney group (pediatric donor body weight ≤15 kg) and the big kidney group (pediatric donor body weight >15 kg). In this study, 89 cases were concluded in the small kidney group and 67 cases were concluded in the big kidney group. The donor kidneys were obtained from 46 cases of small weight (≤15 kg) pediatric donors and 48 cases of large weight (>15 kg) pediatric donors. There were significant differences in age [1.00 (0.02 - 4.00) years vs. 10.00 (3.00-18.00) years], body weight [10.0 (3.4 - 15.0) kg vs. 35.0 (16.2- 35.0) kg], height [76 (50- 113) cm vs. 144 (67-172) cm], GFR [(31.50±7.46)ml/min vs. (36.79±7.00) ml/min], and renal length to diameter [(5.91±0.48) cm vs. (8.71±1.88) cm] between the small kidney group and the big kidney group ( P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups of donors in gender, cold/warm ischemia time and cause of death ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in age [(11.28±3.89) years vs. (13.86±3.56) years], body weight [(31.83±10.45)kg vs. (35.13±9.15) kg], and height [(130.02±28.56) cm vs. (143.97±16.59) cm] between recipients of the small kidney group and big kidney group ( P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in preoperative serum creatinine level [(822.65 ± 135.04) μmol/L vs. (777.31 ± 165.40) μmol/L], HLA mismatch [(3.4 ± 1.4) site vs. (3.2±1.3) site], and primary disease between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The recovery of renal function, postoperative adverse events, postoperative children, and graft survival were compared between the two groups. Results:The renal function of the two groups of recipients returned to normal 3 months after operation. The perioperative complications in the small kidney group and the big kidney group mainly included renal delayed recovery [5.6% (5/89) vs. 7.5% (5/67), P=0.89], renal vascular embolization [3.4% (3/89) vs. 0, P=0.35], and acute rejection [2.2% (2/89) vs. 4.3% (3/67) , P=0.75]. The main cause of recipient death during the follow-up period was pulmonary infection [4.5% (4/89) vs. 6.0% (4/67) , P=0.68]. The postoperative small kidney group was followed up for an average of 30 (3-74) months. The survival rates of children in the small kidney group at the 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery were 96.6% (86/89), 91.0% (81/89) and 91.0%(81/89), while the transplanted renal survival rates were 92.1% (82/89), 86.5% (77/89) and 84.2% (75/89), respectively. The postoperative big kidney group was followed up for an average of 32 (4-89 ) months. The survival rates of children in the big kidney group were 95.5% (64/67), 94.0% (63/67) and 91.0%(61/67) in the first 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively, while the graft survival rates were 92.5% (62/67), 83.6% (56/67) and 83.6% (56/67), respectively. The postoperative kidneys of two groups were fast-growing, and there was no significant difference between the small kidney group and the big kidney group in graft length to diameter [(9.63±0.31) cm vs. (9.75±0.71) cm] after 1 year ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The effect of single pediatric kidney transplantation for pediatric donor with body weight ≤15 kg is equivalent to that for pediatric donor with body weight >15 kg , which can be carried out clinically.

Mounting evidence supports that a newly identified regulatory T cell (Treg),CD4+LAP+ Treg,is associated with oral tolerance induction and following inhibition of atherosclerosis,but little is described about whether nasal tolerance to antigen likewise induces the novel Tregs production and the relevant antiatherosclerotic benefit.We investigated the effect of nasal administration of heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) on atherogenesis.HSP60 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was nasally adminis-tered to six-week-old male ApoE (-/-) mice.At the 10th week after the nasal administration,there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque areas of aortic roots in the HSP60-treated mice as compared with those in the PBS-treated mice.Atherosclerosis suppression was accompanied with a significant increase in CD4+LAP+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and a concurrently increased production of TGF-β in the HSP60-treated mice.The protective effect of HSP60 was offset by injection of anti-TGF-β antibody.It is concluded that nasal administration of HSP60 can inhibit atherosclerotic formation through immune tolerance which is established by Tregs depending on the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β.Immune tolerance induced by nasal administration of HSP60 may provide an alternative therapeutic method for atherosclerosis.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of vascular complications induced by hyaluronic acid facial injection.Methods:Patients with vascular complication induced by facial hyaluronic acid facial injection were collected in the Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 1, 2016 to October 1, 2021, including 5 males and 37 females. The age ranged from 16 to 70 (34±10) years. The clinical data, injection site, clinical symptoms and previous facial surgery history of the patients were analyzed and investigated.Results:Vascular complications occurred in 12 cases (28.6%). Nasolabial fold in 8 (19.0%) cases; Glabella in 6 (14.3%) cases; frontal part in 6 (14.3%) cases. There were 27 patients (64.3%) with a history of facial surgery. Furthermore, history of facial surgery had no effect on the clinical manifestations of vascular complications ( P>0.05). Among the 18 patients with visual impairment, 12 patients reported that the symptoms of ptosis, bulbar conjunctival congestion, and eye movement dysfunction had diminished after thrombolytic treatment, while 4 patients showed recovery to some extent in visual acuity. Likewise, 24 patients with blood circulation disorders were healed after treatment, with residual pigmentation and a slight scar left. Conclusions:Women aged 30 to 39 years old are the main target population of cosmetic surgery, as well as the most common population of vascular complications. Particular care should be taken in the nose, nasolabial fold, glabella and forehead areas of the operation. Patients with previous surgical history should be adequately informed before surgery, and postoperative observation time should be appropriately prolonged.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze clinical data of infant donors with body weight ≤15 kg into children recipients, and to investigate the efficacy and complications under the strategy of pediatric donor to pediatric recipient (PTP) of pediatric kidney transplantation allocation.Methods:Clinical data of kidney transplantation for children with infant donors performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2010 to December 2019 were collected.Clinical data of donors and recipients, postoperative adverse events, postoperative renal recovery, and human and renal survival were analyzed.Results:A total of 50 infant donors and 93 pediatric recipients were enrolled in this study.Recipients included 89 patients with single kidney transplantation (SKT) and 4 with en-bloc kidney transplantation (EBKT). The major perioperative complications were delayed graft function (DGF) (5 cases, 5.4%) and vascular thrombosis (VT) (3 cases, 3.2%), followed by recurrence of primary nephropathy (3 cases, 3.2%), respiratory tract infection (3 cases, 3.2%), and acute rejection (AR) (2 cases, 2.2%). During the follow-up period, the main cause of death was respiratory tract infection (4 cases, 4.3%). Except for the cause of death, the main causes of graft loss were rejection (2 cases, 2.2%) and recurrence of primary kidney disease (2 cases, 2.2%). Serum creatinine decreased progressively from (824.77±150.24) μmol/L preoperatively to (90.73±47.24) μmol/L 1 month postoperatively.In SKT group, the median follow-up time was 31 months (3-74 months), and the survival rates of recipients and transplanted kidneys at 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively were 97.5%/94.2%, 96%/88.8% and 93.1%/86.1%, respectively.In EBKT group, the median follow-up time was 50 months (13-65 months), and the survival rates of recipients and transplanted kidneys at 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively were all 100.0%.During the fo-llow-up period, there was no significant difference in the human/kidney survival rate between groups (all P>0.05), and well acceptable transplantation outcomes were obtained. Conclusions:Single/double kidney transplantation for children and adolescent recipients from infant donors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University has achieved acceptable outcomes.Adopted by the PTP strategy, the incidence of complications after kidney transplantation does not increase, indicating its safety and reliability.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.