It's proposed for university teathers to improve their professional qualities by means of solidly mastering one's own professional theories,strengthening knowledge of relative subjects,and as well as training scientific research ability etc to evoke active study and obtain better teaching effect.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between single span video-assisted thoracoscope (VATS) surgery and traditional VATS surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax in elderly patients.Methods A total of 88 elderly patients diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax by chest X-ray and CT were selected and randomly divided into single span VATS group and traditional VATS group (n=44,each).The bleeding volume,duration of operation,hospitalization time,time of postoperative analgesic use,chest tube indwelling time,postoperative complications and adverse reactions were observed.All patients were follow-up for 1-2 years to record the recurrence rate and death rate.Results All patients were received VATS surgery successfully.Their clinical symptoms disappeared and X-ray showed that pneumothorax disappeared.There were significant differences in bleeding volume,time of postoperative analgesic use,hospitalization time between single span VATS group and traditional VATS group [(46.7±18.8)ml vs.(46.7±18.8)ml,(1.7±0.9)d vs.(2.4± 1.7)d,(6.3±1.7)d vs.(9.1±2.1)d,t=3.04,2.18,5.59,respectively,all P＜0.05].The duration of operation and chest tube indwelling were shorter in single span VATS group than in traditional VATS group (both P＜0.05).Patients with chest pain and incision numb after operation were less in single span VATS group than in traditional VATS group (11 cases vs.26 cases,7 cases vs.21 cases,t=10.50,10.26,both P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and death rate between the two groups.Conclusions Single span VATS surgery is an safe and effective treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax in elderly patients,which has a better postoperative recovery and fewer adverse reactions.

Objective To analyze the image noise and artifact of low-dose chest CT scanning and the distribution pattern. Methods A chest phantom equivalent to human tissue was scanned by 64 slices spiral scanner at standard dose (250 mAs) and low-dose (50, 30,and 21 mAs) respectively, HU in sites of the phantom and SD of which was recorded. 200 patients with pulmonary nodules were scanned at 30 or 21 mAs for minimal length. The relationship between severity of noise and artifact in chest low-dose CT scanning and gender or body mass index (BMI) of the patients, as well as the distribution of noise and artifact was evaluated. Results There was no statistical difference between the HU in sites of the phantom: lung (-777.3-- -758.2 HU, F=0.992, P<0.01), chest wall (107.9--111.3 HU, F=2.044, P>0.05), vertebra (835.6--875.3 HU, F=1.453, P>0.05), while the SD of which was of statistical signification: lung (9.5--29.0 HU, F=108.7, P<0.01), chest wall (10.1--32.4 HU, F=84.3, P<0.01), vertebra (19.2--57.1 HU, F=30.6, P<0.01),tbe SD increased with the decrease of the tube current. There was no statistical difference between male (in which 74 cases no or mild, 17 cases severe)and female (81 cases no or mild, and 28 cases severe)in image noise and artifact in low-dose images (X~2=2.294, P>0.05), and significant difference between groups of different BMI(in BMI<18.5 group, 29 cases no or mild,2 cases severe, in group of 18.5≤BMI<24.0, 120 cases no or mild, 13 cases severe, and in group of BMI≥24.0, 6 cases no or mild, 30 cases severe, X~2=128.274, P<0.01). The noise andartifact was greater in the upper (80 cases no or mild, 38 cases severe, X~2=18.918, P<0.01) and dorsal field (89 cases no or mild, 33 cases severe, X~2=6.760, P<0.05). Conclusions The image noise and artifact was significant in low-dose CT, especially in the dorsal and upper field of the lung, which might be attributed to the distribution of skeleton in the chest. It was recommended that scanning protocol (mAs value) be individualized adjusted in according to the patients BMI.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and optimized scanning parameter of 64-slice spiral CT in detection of pulmonary nodules with different size and density. Methods Three groups of prosthesis nodules with diameter of 2.5～13 mm and different density (soft-tissue, low density, and ground glass opacity,GGO)were taken into the chest phantom equivalent to human tissue,then scanned with Philips Brilliance 64 scanner in standard dose(tube voltage:120 kV, tube current: 250 mAs)and low-dose(tube voltage:120 kV, tube current: 50, 30,and 21mAs) respectively. The radiation dose(CTDIw and DLP) of the scans, Hounsfield unit(HU) and standard deviation(SD) of CT values in different regions of the phantom, and visibility of the nodules was assessed and recorded.Results The radiation dose of 64-slices spiral CT scanning in low-dose(tube current 21～51 mAs) decreased to 8%～20% of which scanning in standard-dose(250 mAs). There was no statistical difference between the CT values in different regions of the phantom (P>0.05), while the SD of CT values was of statistical significantce (P<0.001) and SD increased with the increment of the density under different scanning parameters. None of the nodules besides of GGO nodules with 2.5 mm and 4 mm in size scanned at 21 mAs was invisible. Conclusion GGO nodules of 2.5 mm in diameter can be detected with 64-slice spiral CT using 30 mAs at experimental study, which might be the optimized dose for detecting pulmonary nodules.

This study examined the effect of silencing LRIG3 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells and explored the role of LRIG3 in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer T24 cells were routinely cultured and pSilencer plasmids were employed to construct LRIG3 eukaryotic expression vector of LRIG3-siRNA, i.e., pSilencer-LRIG3-siRNA. After confirmation, the vector was transfected into HEK293 cells to make a replication-deficient adenovirus, pAd-LRIG3-siRNA, which was then introduced into bladder cancer T24 cells. RT-PCR, Western-blotting were performed to detect the levels of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins. Cells number was determined by using MTT test. Hoechst33258 staining, transmission microscopy, flow cytometery were conducted to examine the cell apoptosis. Three groups included a blank control group, a negative control group (containing non-interfering plasmids) and a pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group. Our results showed that the recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA was successfully transfected into the bladder cancer T24 cells. The siRNA formed by the transcription of the recombinant plasmids resulted in significantly reduced expressions of LRIG3 gene and protein and significantly decreased cell proliferation and growth in the pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The siRNA also caused apoptotic changes of some cells, with the apoptosis rate being (17.69±0.75)%, which was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.01). It was concluded that recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA plasmids could effectively decrease the expression of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins and, to some extent, inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells. Silencing LRIG3 gene might be a novel alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the pathological change in Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts treated with high intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU). Methods Thirty cysts with thinner wall and proper elasticity, taken from livers of infected sheep, were randomly divided into three groups. By cyclical multilayer radiation around the cyst wall,two experiment groups were treated with HIFU under 150 W and 250 W sound power respectively. The control group was treated by ordinary ultrasound for 2 min. Results The inner cyst wall of hydatid treated with HIFU became curved,thicker, stiffer, white and less transparent. The germinal layer was detached mostly from the laminated layers of hydatid in the experiment groups. Images from the transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experiment groups fabric texture of hydatid changed significantly and germinal cells were broken. Conclusion HIFU in a model of cyclical multilayer radiation causes pathological damage of the E. granulosus hydatid.

Objective There were few studies of prediction on type 2 diabetic patients with acute pulmonary thromboembo?lism.To evaluate the performance of the Padua score, revised Geneva score and Wells PE score in the prediction value of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with acute pulmonary thromboembolism( APTE) . Methods 151cases with suspected APTE of type 2 diabe?tes were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 by a retrospective case analysis mode. Among 151 pations,80 cases had diag?nosed with pulmonary thromboembolism.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the probability of type 2 diabetic patients with APTE predicted by the Padua, the revised Geneva and the Wells PE score. We calculated the Youden Index for the cut?off point. Results The area under curve( AUC) of the ROC curve in the Padua score, revised Geneva score and Wells PE score for APTE was 0.804±0.035、0.635±0.045 and 0.705±0.043. The area under the ROC curve of the Padua score was the highest and there was a significant difference compared with the revised Geneva( P<0.016 7) . The comparison of Padua score and Wells PE for the predication value was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.016 7) . The comparison of revised Geneva score and Wells PE for the predication value was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.016 7) . The cut?off of Padua score was 3 points and Youden Index was 0.51. The cut?off of Revised Geneva was 3 points and Youden In?dex was 0.24. The cut?off of Wells PE score was 1 points and Youden Index was 0.39. Conclusion Padua score, revised Geneva score and Wells PE score in predicting diabetes patients have some ex?tent clinical value terms, which Padua score has higher predictive value than the Revised Geneva.The predictive value of Padua score and Wells PE score was equivalent.However, the predictive value of Padua score is limited.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features, genetic testing and treatment efficacy of 6 children with Dent disease.Methods:Six children diagnosed with Dent disease in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2014 to March 2019 were enrolled.Their medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, genetic test results, and proteinuria level, calciuria level and renal function after medication were measured.Results:All patients were male, with the onset age ranged from 1 to 9 years old.They were followed up for 6 months to 4 years.All the children had low molecular weight proteinuria.Urine protein electrophoresis showed that the ratio of low molecular weight proteinuria in only 2 cases was more than 50%.Renal biopsy suggested that all cases were combined with glomerular lesions.Five cases had hypercalciuria.Under the microscope, there were 5 cases of hematuria.Two case had rickets, and there was no renal calcium deposition and hypophosphatemia.Five cases were detected with CLCN5 mutations, of which p. C160Yfs*49 and p. G523D were first reported.One case had an OCRL1 mutation.Patients were treated with Hydrochlorothiazide and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). The 24 h urinary calcium level after treatment was lower than that before treatment [0.40 (0.24, 0.43) mmol/kg vs.0.12 (0.11, 0.14) mmol/kg, U=2.00, P<0.01]. However, there was no significant decrease in the 24 h-urinary protein level before and after treatment [77.09 (62.41, 88.01) mg/kg vs.80.33 (66.03, 92.52) mg/kg, U=12.00, P>0.05]. Conclusions:Dent disease is mainly characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, and some patients may not be associated with hypercalciuria.Gene tests help to identify the disease type.ACEI and Hydrochlorothiazide can reduce the urinary calcium level, but cannot improve the level of urinary protein.

Objective To analyze the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors of idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and not otherwise specified FSGS in children. Methods The clinical, pathology and follow-up data of patients with idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were analyzed retrospectively by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 64 patients (29 idiopathic collapsing FSGS and 35 not otherwise specified FSGS) were diagnosed by renal biopsy. The 4-year renal survival rate of idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were 48.3%, 74.3% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the renal survival time were 25.41±3.28 months in idiopathic collapsing patients, and 35.53±2.73 months in not otherwise specified patients. The different is significant (χ2=4.07,P=0.044). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that poor treatment response (HR=5.92, P<0.05) and renal insufficiency at early stage (HR=2.45, P<0.05) were independent risk factors of prognosis. Conclusions Compared with patients with not otherwise specified FSGS, the renal survival time is shorter in idiopathic collapsing FSGS patients. Patients with renal insufficiency and poor response to treatment have poorer prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatibility stability of Salvianolic acid for injection (SAFI) combined with 8 kinds of common solvents. METHODS:Referring to package inserts,SAFI was collected and combined with 0.9% Sodium chlo-ride injection,5% Glucose injection,10% Glucose injection,Compound sodium chloride injection,Mannitol injection,Glycerol fructose and sodium chloride injection,Sodium lactate Ringer's injection,Glucose and sodium chloride injection,250 mL each re-spectively,and then sealed in the dark at the room temperature. The appearance of mixtures were observed,pH value,the number of insoluble particles,maximal absorption wavelength and maximal absorbance were detected,and the contents of salvianolic acid B,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid Y in mixtures were determined by HPLC at 0,1,2,4,8 h after mix-ing. RESULTS:Under above condition,no obvious change was found in appearance or pH values of the mixtures within 8 h. Maxi-mal absorption wavelength ranged 284.5-286.0 nm. After mixed with Mannitol injection,the number of particles≥10μm(1-8 h af-ter mixing)and particles ≥25 μm(4-8 h after mixing)exceeded the scope of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition);the maxi-mal absorbance changed significantly(RSD=9.17%,n=5);the relative content of salvianolic acid B,rosmarinic acid,lithosper-mic acid and salvianolic acid Y decreased by more than 10%(RSD=14.65%,6.45%,8.97%,12.49%,n=5);after mixed with Sodium lactate Ringer's injection,the relative content of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid changed greatly (RSD=14.57%, 7.28%,n=5);after mixed with 5% Glucose injection(4-8 h after mixing)and Glycerol fructose and sodium chloride injection(8 h after mixing),the relative content of rosmarinic acid were less than 90%(RSD=6.30%,4.86%,n=5);and the number of particles ≥25μm exceeded the scope of phamcopoeia after mixing with Glycerol fructose and sodium injection(0 h). The number of insoluble particles in other mixtures were in line with the standard of pharmacopoeia;maximal absorbance had no significant change(RSD<5%,n=5),and the relative content change of analytes were all less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical appli-cation of SAFI combined with Mannitol injection,Sodium lactate Ringe's injection and Glycerol fructose and sodium injecrion should be avoided. After mixed with 5% Glucose injection,SAFI should be used within 4 h. SAFI can be compatible with 0.9%Sodium chloride injection,10% Glucose injection,Compound sodium chloride injection and Glucose and sodium chloride injec-tion.