Vectors used to carry foreign genes play an important role in gene therapy, among which, the adeno-associated virus (AAV) has many advantages, such as nonpathogenicity, low immunogenicity, stable and long-term expression and multiple-tissue-type infection, etc. These advantages have made AAV one of the most potential vectors in gene therapy, and widely used in many clinical researches, for example, Parkinson's disease. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of AAV and the latest research progress of AAV carrying neurotrophic factor, dopamine synthesis related enzymes and glutamic acid decarboxylase gene in the gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.

Objective To construct a bicistronic retrovirus expression vector to coexpress Delta1 and EGFP genes. Methods Delta1-IRES-EGFP bicistronic retrovirus vector was constructed by linking full-length Delta1 cDNA with IRES-EGFP retrovirus vector. Transfected with the retrovirus vector by electroporation, the ecotropic- and amphotropic-packaging cell lines GP+E86 and PA317 were selected by addition of puromycin. Positive cell clones were obtained and tested for the efficiency of the retroviral supernatants. Two positive cell clones with relatively highest titers were picked up and used for ping-pong amplification assay to improve the retroviral supernatants titer. At day 2 after transfection, GFP expression in NIH3T3 was detected by FACS, and Delta1 expression was determined by RT-PCR assay. Transfected or wild type NIH3T3 were co-cultured with myoblasts cell line C2C12 to test whether the exogenous Delta1 protein was functional or not. Results The bicistronic retrovirus expression vector coexpressing Delta1 and EGFP genes was successfully constructed and verified by PCR and DNA sequencing. A high-level expression of functional Delta protein was detected in transfected NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion Retrovirus is a safe, highly efficient gene transfer system.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect and safety of finasteride on aged patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)complicated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:A total of 84 aged ISH + BPH pa-tients admitted from Jun 2011 to May 2013 were selected.According to medication plan,they were divided into fin-asteride group (n=44)and routine treatment group (n=40,only received routine treatment because they cannot use finasteride).Course of treatment was all six months.International prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life (QOL) questionnaire score,prostate-specific antigen (PSA),incidence rate of acute urinary retention,maximum u-rinary flow rate (Qmax),postvoid residual urine (PRV),prostate volume (PV)and incidence rate of adverse reac-tions were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there were significant reductions in IPSS [(13.2±2.4)scores vs.(9.4±1.1)scores],PRV [(21.4±4.6)ml vs.(9.0±2.3)ml],PV [(36.8±3.8)ml vs.(29.5±3.0)ml],PSA [(2.45±0.74)μg/L vs.(1.26±0.48)μg/L]and incidence rate of acute urinary retention (17.50% vs.9.09%),P<0.05 or <0.01,and significant increase in Qmax [(10.2±2.4) ml vs.(13.7±3.8)ml]and QOL score [(3.1±1.0)scores vs.(4.7±1.5)scores]in finasteride group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in incidence rates of adverse reactions between two groups,P>0.05 all.Con-clusion:Therapeutic effect of finasteride is significant and adverse reactions don’ t increase significantly in aged pa-tients with isolated systolic hypertension complicated benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The efficacy of different kinds of insulin analogue administered by multiple subcutaneous injection or continuous insulin infusion was compared. The two forms of administration all can well control blood glucose. Continuous subcutaneous injection has better compliance.

Objective To study the effects of chloroquine on proliferation and cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cultured in vitro and provide basis for research on chloroquine in therapy for liver cancer.Methods HepG2 cells were divided into six groups:control group and chloroquine (8.00,16.00,32.00,64.00 and 128.00 mmol?L-1 )groups.The cell viability was determined by MTT,the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with control group,the cell viabilities were inhibited significantly 24 h after treated with chloroquine (32.00-128.00 mmol?L-1) or 48-72 h after treated with chloroquine (8.00-128.00 mmol?L-1) ( P

Objective To compare T2* value in healthy and diseased achilles tendons (AT) using 3D-ultra-short echo time (UTE),and to analyze the correlation between T2* value and clinical scores.Methods Fifteen patients (patients group) and ten volunteers (control group) were included and underwent an MR scan with UTE sequence.The T2* value of four ROI in AT were calculated.Independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences of T2* value between two groups.The correlation of T2* values with the American Orthopaedic Foot and ankle society ankle hindfoot scale (AOFAS) and achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) were analyzed.Results The T2* value of four ROI were statistically significantly higher in patients group than those of control group.There were negative correlation between T2* and AOFAS or ATRS scores (r=-0.92,-0.90,both P＜0.01).Conclusion The T2* value of pathologic AT increases.The quantitative MRI UTE-T2* can evaluate AT from the biochemical structure and correlates with clinical outcomes,which is helpful to diagnose AT in the early stage.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combination of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in pediatrics undergoing regional anesthesia.Methods Forty-eight children aged 2 -6 years old,scheduled for elective surgery under regional anesthesia,were randomly divided into the two groups.The dexme-detomidine plus propofol group(group DP,n=24)received an infusion over 10 minutes of dexmedetomidine 0.7μg/kg and propofol 1.0 to 2.5 mg/kg bolus for induction,then an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5μg·kg-1·h-1 and propofol 100-300μg·kg-1·min-1 for maintenance.The propofol group(group P,n=24)received a propofol 1.0 to 2.5mg/kg bolus for induction,then an infusion of propofol 150 -300μg·kg-1 ·min-1 for maintenance.If body movement was detected during surgery,a bolus of propofol 1 .0mg/kg was administered in both groups,and if there was another body movement within three minutes of the propofol bolus,a bolus of ketamine 1 .0mg/kg was adminis-tered.Hemodynamic data,respiratory rate,and oxygen saturation were recorded by researchers blinded to the study drugs.Recovery time and the primary outcome were evaluated by a modified Aldrete score.The occurrence of adverse events and the amount of supplemental ketamine used were also recorded.Results The consumption of propofol in the group DP was (149.00 ±24.93)μg·kg-1·min-1,and in the group P was (217.00 ±17.90)μg·kg-1· min-1.The propofol consumption was significant lower that in group DP(t=117.94,P=0.00).The needs for sup-plemental ketamine bolus in the group DP was 0.50(1.00)/case,and it was 2.00(1.00)/case in group P.The need for supplemental ketamine was less in group DP(Z=-4.48,P=0.00).Hypopnea occurred in 5 cases in group P, and 0 in group DP.The incidence of hypopnea was more in group P(χ2 =5.58,P=0.03).In group DP,the mean arterial pressure and heart rate at discharge were respectively (74.96 ±5.69)mmHg and (101.17 ±9.65)bpm,and their baseline values were (81.13 ±7.23)mmHg and (112.00 ±13.65)bpm.Both mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the group DP remained decreased at discharge(t=10.78,P=0.00;t=10.08,P=0.00;respectively).The discharge time of the group DP was (40.91 ±10.90)min and it was(39.67 ±14.95)min in group P.There was no significant difference in the discharge time(t=0.11,P=0.74).Conclusion The combination of dexmedetomidine and propofol can provide appropriate depth of sedation in pediatric patients undergoing regional anesthesia.

Objective To explore the relation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the meteorological factors.Methods All RA cases in the group were followed for 12 months,patients were follow-up for every two weeks.In each followed-up,all RA cases were evaluated by the disease activity score-28 (DAS28) and the improved Jamieson questionnaire,and the correlation of the DAS28 and the average values of meteorolo-gical factors (temperature,humidity,atmospheric pressure,relative humidity,wind speed) by Pearson correlation coefficient.The moderate-severe activity cases were evaluated by chi-square test of different seasons.Results One hundred and eighty-eight cases completed the observation,One hundred and sixty-four cases were in moderate disease activities (x2=9.42,P=0.022).Sixty-eight cases were distributed in winter,which was significantly higher than other three seasons.The average temperature and wind speed was negatively related to the DAS28 (r=-0.743,P＜0.01; r=-0.576,P=0.003).Conclusion The activity of RA has the characteristics of seasonal changes,and is easily being aggravated in winter.Many factors may influence RA,including temperature and wind speed.Creating an appropriate micro-climate environment is beneficial for RA patients to reduce the disease activity.

BACKGROUND: There have been reports about the cochlea injury after high-velocity projectile wounding. The effect on ultrastructure of cochlea after blast was still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate ultrastructural changes of cochlea and cochlear nerve after maxillofacial blast wound.DESIGN:A randomized controlled observational trail with dogs as subjects.SETTING: Otolaryngeal Department and Maxillofacial Surgery Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The study was conducted from August 1995 through July 1997. The animal model in maxillofacial blast wound was established in Animal Center of Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Specimens were treated in Maxillofacial Laboratory and observed in Electron Microscope Laboratory. Totally 15 dogs of either sex (weighting 9. 5 - 13.5 kg, mean 11.3 kg ) were randomly divided into three groups with 5 in each group. Two groups served as trauma groups 1 and 2 and the other group as control.METHODS: The maxillary and mandibular regions of 10 dogs in trauma groups were wounded by model 8 cardboard-shelled detonators to establish animal model of maxillofacial blast wound. At the 1st and 6th hour after trauma the wounds were examined and specimens of cochlea and cochlear nerve were dissected out for electron microscopic observation to study the ultrastructural changes. The specimens in the control group were treated the same way as those in the trauma groups except for blast injury.RESULTS: After wounded, the cochlea and cochlear nerve in the early period manifested cilia disorder, edema of the nerve and mitochondrial degeneration. At the 6th hour after trauma there were extensive degeneration in cochlea and cochlear nerve, cilia fallen off hair cells and dissolution of the structures in nerve sheath.CONCLUSION: The ultrastructural changes of cochlea and cochlear nerve are severed as a result of maxillofacial blast wound, but in early period the injury is reversible. So it is very important that early cure should be emphasized in treatment.

Objective Investigate the clinical features of the neurological disorders in patients after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) for chronic pulmonary thromboembolism , analyze the factorial. Methods A retrospective study was made of 26 patients who underwent PTE between 2002 and 2010 in Beijing Chao-Yang hospital. The symptom of neurological system disorders occurred in the survivors were been investigate. The preoperative conditions and the perioperative conditions of all survivors were investigated. Compared the differences between the groups with neurological system disorders and the groups without. Results There were 22 patients of 26 survived after the surgery. Cardiac function of the survivors improved, and the quality of life improved significantly. 5 cases of the 22 survivors had symptoms of neurological system disorders. 3 patients showed lethargy, delirium, memory disorders, brain CT found no abnormal, symptoms recovered within 2 weeks. The fourth patient showed ataxia, unsteady gait, dance-like movements symmetry, in addition to the above symptoms, brain CT no abnormal showed,brain MRI showed bilateral abnormal signal in the midbrain, basal ganglia, symptoms improved and discharged after 8 weeks, the symptoms completely disappeared 6 months, and the abnormal signals in brain in MRI disappeared. The fifth patient with similar symptoms to the fourth, brain CT no abnormal found, be discharged 10 weeks after the operation, recovery is poor, living part of themselves. The postoperative neurological disorders occurred in the patients of Jamieson surgery type Ⅲ type, Ⅳ type of larger proportion, (P = 0.024), longer circulatory arrest surgery (P = 0.034). Conclusion The neurological disorders postoperative PTE often showed diffuse symmetric cerebral cortex and basal ganglia nerve dysfunction, brain MRI showed abnormal signal corresponding region, the majority of symptoms disappeared in 2 - 8 weeks, abnormal signal in brain MRI could disappeared after 6 months. Neurological dysfunction occurs in patients with more difficult surgical procedure, longer circulatory arrest, suggesting that with the surgery cerebral ischemia and hypoxia related.