Objective To probe into the nursing experience of reasonable cooperation between op-eration room nurses and anesthesiologists. Methods Strengthening preoperative propaganda and psy-chological education,paying attention to the temperature and humidity in operation room,assisting the anesthesiologists to arrange patients'body position,giving cooperation of infusion and transfusion,actively involving in rescue work.Results Surgery patients got good care,anesthesia and surgery went along smoothly. Conclusions Smooth coordination between operation room nurses and anesthesiologists has great significance on the smooth going and satisfactory results of operation.

Abstract Psychological stress is a significant contributing factor for the decline in male sperm quality. In terms of the psychological mechanism, the decline of sperm quality due to psychological stress is associated with increased perceived stress and different coping strategies. External sources of stress can elevate stress perception, then affect sperm quality, while coping strategies may modulate the impact of stress perception on sperm quality. In terms of the physiological mechanism, psychological stress disrupts the normal functioning of the sympathoadrenal system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to disturbances in the essential endocrine environment for sperm production. This review synthesizes the psychological and physiological mechanisms through which psychological stress influences male sperm quality, providing insights into the prevention and treatment of male infertility.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch preconditioning on pathological stretch-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods Human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell line A549 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table: control group (group Ⅰ), pathological stretch group (group Ⅱ), and mechanical stretch preconditioning group (group Ⅲ).In group Ⅰ , A549 cells were cultured routinely without receiving pathological stretch.In group Ⅱ , A549 cells were exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.In group Ⅲ , A549 cells were exposed to 5％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 60 min, and then exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.After the end of the treatment, the cells were collected for determination of the cell viability (by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay) and lactate dehydrogeuase (LDH)release (by colorimetric method).The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the culture medium were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of total NF-κB, phosphorylated NF-κB, total STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 was detected using Western blot.The ratios of phosphorylated NF-κB to total NF-κB and phosphorylated STAT3 to total STAT3 were calculated to reflect the activation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ , the cell viability was significantly decreased, the amount of LDH released was increased, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and HMGB1, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 were increased in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.Compared with group Ⅱ , the cell viability was significantly increased, the amount of LDH released was decreased, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and HMGB1, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 were decreased in group Ⅲ.Conclusion The mechanism by which mechanical stretch preconditioning attenuates pathological stretch-induced damage to human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells is related to inhibited activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in mice with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI),and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).ALI was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally.Dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h after LPS injection in group Dex,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and ALI groups.At 6 h after LPS injection,blood samples were collected from the carotid artery to detect arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The mice were then sacrificed,and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α).The lung tissues were removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3),IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA,and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Results Compared with group C,the PaO2 was significantly decreased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were increased in ALI and Dex groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,the PaO2 was significantly increased,and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF,and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates LPS-induced ALI is probably related to inhibition of activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative cognitive function in the patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective cerebral glioma or meningioma resection,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=50 each) using a random number table:GDFT group (group G) and conventional fluid therapy group (group C).The mean arterial pressure was maintained at 65-110 mmHg,urine volume ＞0.5 ml · kg-1 · h-1,and central venous pressure at 8-12 cmH2O in group C.In group G,GDFT was performed using FloTrac/Vigileo system,and the cardiac index was maintained at 2.5-4.0 L · min-1 · n 2,stroke volume variation≤ 13％,mean arterial pressure at 65-110 mmHg,and stroke volume index at 35-47 ml/m2.The requirement for crystalloid and colloid,urine volume,blood loss,and requirement for vasoactive agents were recorded during operation.Before induction of anesthesia (baseline),when the dura of brain was opened,at the end of tumor removal,at the end of operation,and at 24 h after operation (T0-4),venous blood samples were taken to determine the concentrations of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patient's cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination at T0 and 7 days after operation (T5).Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the serum NSE and S100β protein concentrations were significantly increased at T24 in the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the requirement for colloid,total volume of fluid infused and urine volume during operation were significantly increased,the serum NSE and S100β protein concentrations were significantly decreased at T3,4 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in Mini-Mental State Examination score at T0 and T5 in group G (P＞0.05).Conclusion GDFT based on FloTrac/Vililgeo system can reduce the damage to brains after operation,but it has no significant effect on postoperative cognitive function in the patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.

Objective : To analyze the screening results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV co-infections in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, so as to provide insights into improving the tuberculosis control strategy. Methods : Data pertaining to HIV antibody testing among tuberculosis patients, MTB testing among HIV/AIDS patients, treatment of patients with MTB and HIV co-infections and prognosis of anti-tuberculosis therapy were collected from the annual working reports for the management of MTB and HIV co-infections in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, and the screening, treatment and prognosis of MTB and HIV co-infections were analyzed. Results : A total of 35 385 newly identified tuberculosis patients were reported in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, and there were 5 854 cases receiving HIV testing. The annual mean percentage of HIV screening was 17.57%, and the HIV screening rate appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020 (χ2trend=4 926.309, P<0.001). Eleven patients were tested positive for HIV, with an annual mean HIV positive rate of 0.19%. A total of 26 043 HIV/AIDS patients received MTB screening, with an annual mean screening rate of 95.78%, and the annual screening rate of MTB appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020 (χ2trend=79.077, P<0.001). A total of 81 tuberculosis patients were detected, with an annual mean detection rate of 0.31%. Among the 92 patients with MTB and HIV co-infections, there were 81 patients receiving anti-tuberculosis and antiviral therapy simultaneously (88.04%), 8 cases receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy alone (8.70%), 2 cases receiving antiviral therapy alone (2.17%) and 1 case without therapy (1.09%). Among the 89 MTB and HIV co-infected patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy, 27 cases were cured (30.34%), 53 cases completing the course of treatment (59.55%) and 7 cases died. Conclusions The MTB screening rate among HIV/AIDS patients and the percentage of MTB and HIV co-infected patients with successful anti-tuberculosis treatment were high in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020; however, the HIV screening rate should be improved among tuberculosis patients.

Objective: To observe the effects of acupuncture on synovial pathology, synovial mast cell degranulation and tryptase expression and to investigate the relationship between the functions of mast cells and effects of acupuncture on early adjuvant arthritis in rats. Methods: Forty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=16), untreated group (n=15) and acupuncture group (n=15). Adjuvant arthritis was induced by injection of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant in right hind limb footpad. Normal control group and untreated group received no acupuncture treatment, while rats in the acupuncture group were treated with sterilized disposable stainless steel needles inserted perpendicularly as deep as 2 to 3 mm at Xuanzhong (GB39), 6 mm at Shenshu (BL23) and 7 mm at Zusanli (ST36) for eight times (15 min each time) every two days. Setting the modeling day as the 0 day of the experiment, the body weight and paw volume of the rats were measured every three days from the 0 day. In the end, synovial tissues of the right hind ankles were sampled and made into paraffin sections. Then they were firstly stained with hematoxylin-eosin for observing synovial pathology to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis, then stained with toluidine blue for observing the number and degranulation ratio of synovial mast cells and finally detected by immunohistochemical staining method to investigate the expression of tryptase in synovium. Results: Compared with the untreated group, the body weight of rats in the acpuncture group was increased significantly (P<0.05), while the paw volume decreased obviously (P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that acupuncture significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial cell hyperplasia, and synovial fibroplasia in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis as compared with the untreated group (P<0.05). Toluidine blue staining showed that acupuncture could significantly diminish the numbers of total and degranulated mast cells in rats with adjuvant arthritis (P<0.01), which were significantly higher in the untreated group than in the normal control group (P<0.01). Showing by immunohistochemical staining, the expression of tryptase in synovium in the acupuncture group was decreased as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01). Analyzed by Spearman's bivariate correlation, the number of mast cells and degranulation ratio of mast cells were positively correlated with the pathological scores (r=0.837, P<0.01; r=0.634, P<0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture can improve pathological condition of inflammatory synovium in rats with early adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting the function of synovial mast cells, which may play an important underlying role in the immunoregulation of acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signal pathway in mice with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods Thirty-six male Wister mice were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:control group (group C), ventilator-induced lung injury group (group VILI),and ventilator-induced lung injury+ ulinastatin group (group UTI),n =12 in each group.VILI was induced by 4 h mechanical ventilation with tidal volume 40 ml/kg in groups VILI and UTI.Ulinastatin 1×10 5 U/kg was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before ventilation in group UTI,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in groups C and VILI.The mice were then sacrificed,the left lung was lavaged,and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF)was collected for determination of concentrations of protein,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).The lung tissues were re-moved for determination of the wet to dry lung weight (W/D)ratio,the mRNA expression level of IL-1β,TNF-αand ICAM-1.The pathological changes of the lungs were determined under light micro-scope and the lung injury scores were also determined.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detected the protein expression level of GAD and GABAA R.Results The W/D ratio (6.7 ± 2.4 vs.8.5±2.3)and lung scores [(6.9±2.3)scores vs.(1 1.8±2.7)scores]were significantly de-creased in group UTI than those in group VILI.The concentrations of IL-1β[(56±1 1)ng/L vs.(77 ±1 5)ng/L],TNF-α[(105±29)ng/L vs.(1 58±37)ng/L]and ICAM-1 [(205±46)ng/L vs.(293 ±61)ng/L]in BALF in group UTI were significantly decreased than those in group VILI.The mRNA ex-pression levels of IL-1β(1.81±0.26 vs.2.58±0.34),TNF-α(1.61±0.15 vs.2.94±0.27)and ICAM-1 (1.74±0.27 vs.2.79±0.31)were significantly decreased in group UTI than those in group VILI.The protein expression levels of GAD (0.44±0.08 vs.0.18 ±0.04)and GABAA R (0.30 ±0.09 vs.0.15 ± 0.04)were significantly increased in group UTI than those in group VILI.Conclusion Ulinastatin can at-tenuate VILI probably through activating GABA signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on microRNA (miRNA)-155-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in a rat model of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats,weighing 220-250 g,were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C),dexmedetomidine group (group D),endotoxin-induced acute lung injury group (group L),and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury+dexmedetomidine group (group LD).Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg in L and LD groups.In D and LD groups,dexmedetomidine was infused in a loading dose of 1 μg · kg-1 · h-1 for 10 min starting before intraperitoneal injection of normal saline or LPS followed by an infusion of 5 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout the operation.At 6 h after normal saline or LPS injection,blood samples were taken from the carotid artery for detection of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).The left lung was lavaged,and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).The rats were then sacrificed,and lungs were removed for determination of the wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),mRNA expression of miR-155,IL-1β,TNF-α and ICAM-1,and protein expression of HIF-1α and HO-1,and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Results Compared with group C,the PaO2 was significantly decreased,and the W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,TNF-α and ICAM-1 in BALF,mRNA expression of miR-155,IL-1β,TNF-α and ICAM-1,and protein expression of HIF-1α and HO-1 were significantly increased in L and LD groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group L,the PaO2 and protein expression of HIF-1α and HO-1 were significantly increased,and the W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,TNF-α and ICAM-1 in BALF,and mRNA expression of miR-155,IL-1β,TNF-α and ICAM-1 were significantly decreased in group LD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine reduces endotoxin-induced acute lung injury through activating miR-155-HIF-1α-HO-1 signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABAA)receptors during ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI)in rats. Methods Thirty pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 280-320 g,were divided into 3 groups(n=10 each)using a random number table:control group(group C),group VILI and dexmedetomidine group(group Dex).The rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h with the tidal volume of 40 ml/kg to establish VILI model. Dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally after the rats were anesthetized in group Dex,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and VILI groups. The animals were sacrificed at 4 h of mechanical ventilation,the lungs were removed for examination of pathological changes which were scored,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected for determination of concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and the lung specimens were obtained for determination of the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D ratio),alveolar fluid clearance(AFC)and expression of GABAA receptors,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in lung tissues. Results Compared with group C,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,expression of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in lung tissues were significantly increased,and the GABAA receptor expression and AFC were decreased in VILI and Dex groups(P<0.05).Compared with group VILI,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,expression of total protein,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF and expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in lung tissues were significantly decreased,and the GABAA receptor expression and AFC were increased in group Dex(P<0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces VILI is related to up-regulation of GABAA receptor expression in rats.