PURPOSE: It is often difficult to discriminate focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (FLT) or adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) from thyroid cancer if they both have suspicious ultrasound (US) findings. We aimed to make a predictive model of FLT from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in suspicious nodules with benign cytologic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 214 patients who had undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and had shown thyroid nodules with suspicious US features. PTC was confirmed by surgical pathology. FLT and AH were confirmed through more than two separate FNABs. Clinical and biochemical findings, as well as US features, were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 214 patients, 100 patients were diagnosed with PTC, 55 patients with FLT, and 59 patients with AH. The proportion of elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels (p=0.014) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) or thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity (p<0.001) in the FLT group was significantly higher than that in the PTC group. Regarding US features, absence of calcification (p=0.006) and "diffuse thyroid disease" (DTD) pattern on US (p<0.001) were frequently seen in the FLT group. On multivariate analysis, Tg-Ab positivity, presence of a DTD pattern on US, and absence of calcification in nodules were associated with FLT with the best specificity of 99% and positive predictive value of 96%. In contrast, a taller than wide shape of nodules was the only variable significant for differentiating AH from PTC. CONCLUSION: Suspicious thyroid nodules with cytologic benign results could be followed up with US rather than repeat FNAB, if patients exhibit Tg-Ab positivity, no calcifications in nodules, and a DTD pattern on US.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autoantibodies ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle/*methods ; Calcinosis ; Carcinoma/*pathology ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroglobulin/blood ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*pathology ; Thyroid Nodule/*pathology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/*pathology ; Thyrotropin/blood

PURPOSE: An oral cholera vaccine (OCV), Euvichol, with thimerosal (TM) as preservative, was prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. In recent years, public health services and regulatory bodies recommended to eliminate TM in vaccines due to theoretical safety concerns. In this study, we examined whether TM-free Euvichol induces comparable immunogenicity to its TM-containing formulation in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate and compare the immunogenicity of the two variations of OCV, mice were immunized with TM-free or TM-containing Euvichol twice at 2-week interval by intranasal or oral route. One week after the last immunization, mice were challenged with Vibrio cholerae O1 and daily monitored to examine the protective immunity against cholera infection. In addition, serum samples were obtained from mice to measure vibriocidal activity and vaccine-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies using vibriocidal assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: No significant difference in immunogenicity, including vibriocidal activity and vaccine-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA in serum, was observed between mice groups administered with TM-free and -containing Euvichol, regardless of immunization route. However, intranasally immunized mice elicited higher levels of serum antibodies than those immunized via oral route. Moreover, intranasal immunization completely protected mice against V. cholerae challenge but not oral immunization. There was no significant difference in protection between two Euvichol variations. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that TM-free Euvichol could provide comparable immunogenicity to the WHO prequalified Euvichol containing TM as it was later confirmed in a clinical study. The pulmonary mouse cholera model can be considered useful to examine in vivo the potency of OCVs.
Animals* ; Antibodies ; Cholera Vaccines ; Cholera* ; Clinical Study ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Mice ; Models, Animal* ; Public Health ; Thimerosal ; Vaccines ; Vibrio cholerae O1 ; World Health Organization

［摘要］ 目的：探讨miR-183 对脑胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法：2020 年10 月至2021 年6 月，收集秦皇岛市第一 医院40 例脑胶质瘤组织标本，对T98G 细胞进行梯度剂量X 射线（0、2、4、6 Gy）照射。采用qPCR 检测miR-183、细胞质多腺 苷酸化元件结合蛋白1（cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1，CPEB1）在脑胶质瘤组织、T98G 细胞和经X 射线 照射的T98G 细胞中的表达量。将miR-183 inhibitor 转染T98G 细胞后下调miR-183 表达，经6 Gy X 射线垂直照射，CCK-8 法、 流式细胞术和WB 法，分别检测T98G 细胞增殖能力、细胞凋亡率及BAX 和Bcl2 蛋白表达量。Targetscan 软件预测和双荧光 素酶报告基因实验检测miR-183 与CPEB1 的靶向关系。下调CPEB1 表达后，经6 Gy X 射线照射，分别用CCK-8 法、流式细胞 术和WB 法检测T98G 细胞增殖能力、细胞凋亡率及BAX 和Bcl2 蛋白表达量。将pcDNA-CPEB1 或CPEB1 siRNA 质粒转染 T98G细胞，分别下调或过表达CPEB1 后，检测miR-183 通过CPEB1 对T98G细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果：脑胶质瘤组织和 细胞中miR-183 呈高表达，CPEB1 mRNA 呈低表达。T98G 细胞中miR-183 的表达量随着X 射线放射剂量增加而降低 （P<0.05），CPEB1 表达量随着X 射线放射剂量增加而升高（P<0.05）。6 Gy X 射线照射T98G 细胞后，下调miR-183 可降低细 胞增殖能力、增加细胞凋亡率，而过表达miR-183 则起到相反作用（P<0.05）。miR-183 靶向CPEB1 mRNA 且负调控CPEB1 表 达。下调CPEB1 表达后，经6 Gy X 射线照射可显著提高T98G 细胞增殖能力（P<0.05）、降低细胞凋亡率（P<0.05），miR-183 可 逆转CPEB1 过表达对细胞T98G 放射敏感性的促进作用（P<0.05）。结论：下调miR-183 的表达能够负调控CPEB1，从而增强 脑胶质瘤细胞的放射敏感性。