Objective To assess quantitatively the association between smoking and the risk of disease and death from pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) by a meta-analysis. Methods Both Chinese and English literatures published from Jan. 1999 to Jun. 2010 about the case-control study of the association between smoking and pulmonary TB were retrieved by searching the electronic resource databases. A meta-analysis was then performed on the comparison and synthesis of findings from included studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a software RevMan 4.2. Finally,possible publication bias was tested and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results The meta-analysis for total 22 high-quality case-control studies found a pooled OR of 2.56 (95% CI 1. 80 ～3.64) with a random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis showed that pooled OR was 2.56 (95% 1.76 ～3.71 ) by removing two papers of nested case-control study. The OR were 2.13 (95% CI1.76～2.58) and 4.60 (95% CI 1.81～11.69) for disease and death from TB,respectively. After confounding factors,including age and gender,had been controlled the OR was 2.53 (95% CI 1.27 ～5.03 ) whereas 1. 99(95% CI 1.54 ～ 2.56 ) without control of them. Conclusion Smoking can increase the risk of incidence and death of TB. TB control programs and treatment of patients might benefit from interventions aimed at reducing tobacco exposure.

Objective To investigate the level of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among adult type 2 diabetes patients in community and discuss current problems.Methods A convenient sample of 85 patients with type 2 diabetes in Haiyuncang community was interviewed,using diabetes self-care scale and diabetes self-efficacy scale.Totally 85 questionnaires were got and underwent analysis.Results The index score of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among adult type 2 diabetes patients in community were 66.98% and 69.02%.There were no significant difference in self-care behaviors of patients whether they attended diabetes lectures or not.Self-efficacy correlated significantly with self-care behaviors.Conclusions The self-care behaviors and self-efficacy of diabetes patients need to be improved,and diabetes education in community should be emphasized and carried out effectively.

Objective:To observe the effect of nape acupuncture on vertebral-artery type cervical spondylosis.Methods:Eighty patients with vertebral-artery type cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into nape acupuncture group and Jiaji acupuncture group,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in the nape acupuncture group were treated with the nape acupuncture plus Jiaji acupuncture,while the patients in the Jiaji group were treated with Jiaji acupuncture only,to observe the functional scale before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate in the nape acupuncture group was 95.0%,while the total effective rate in the Jiaji acupuncture group was 82.5%.By Ridit analysis,u=5.186,P＜0.01.It indicated that the therapeutic effect in the nape acupuncture group was better than that in the Jiaji acupuncture group.Compared with Jiaji acupuncture group,the difference value of pre- and post-treatment about functional scale of vertebral-artery type cervical spondylosis and the post-treatment score have statistic differences (P＜0.01).It indicated that the therapeutic effect of nape acupuncture group was more obvious in treating vertigo than that in the Jiaji acupuncture group.Conclusion:The treatment of vertebral-artery type cervical spondylosis by Jiaji acupuncture plus the nape acupuncture may enhance the therapeutic effect significantly.

Objective:To investigate the effects of IL-2 on the proliferation activity and HCG secretion of first trimester human trophoblastic cells in vitro. Methods:Growing -well 4th generation trophoblastic cells were selected,cultured for 48 h with IL-2 of different concentration. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to analyze the proliferation activity, and radioimmunoassay was used to analyze the secretion of HCG. Results:①Low concentration (100 U/ml,400 U/ml) IL-2 promoted proliferation activity and HCG secretion (P

Objective To study the effect of milrinone(Mil) and prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on postoperative right ventricular failure(RVF). Methods 28 patients with congenital heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (group I), receiving Mil (Group II), receiving PGE1 (Group III), and receiving both Mil and PGE1(group IV). The hemodynamic indexes of all the patients, including mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac index(CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR), were measured and compared. Intubation time and side effects were observed. Results Compared with the other three groups, postoperative PAP、PVR and SVR in group IV deceased and CI increased significantly. The intubation time was also shorter in group IV. Conclusion Postoperative RVF can be treated efficiently by using Mil and PGE1.

The metabolic syndrome,as a group of concurrent cardiovascular risk factors,is attributed to both genetic and environmental causes and correlated with many gene polymorphisms and their mutations,such as adiponectin gene,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene,lamin protein A/C gene,uncoupling protein 2 gene,?-adrenic receptor gene and some other inflammation marker genes.This paper reviews the advances in the studies of the gene polymorphisms associated with the metabolic syndrome.

For a valid control of the finance management, the management system is developed again aiming at finance related control links and key control points. In this way, the control is rigorous and integral with simple procedures for check and examination. The key control point is set oriented to note management. Real-time operation is controlled. Post output processing is controlled. With business income and business expenditure as the main line, the control process of the related links are built up. Computer maintenance system is controlled.

BACKGROUND:Preterm premature rupture of the membrane is a frequent complication during gestational period. Three-dimensional culture can help damaged tissue restore anatomical integrality,being worth for clinical application. OBJECTIVE:To explore biological characteristics of human amniotic cells three-dimensionally cultured by fibrin scaffold,study the possibility of cell/scaffold composite material for repairing preterm premature rupture of the membrane,and to compare with normal monolayer culture. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An in vitro cell/scaffold study was performed at the Basic Institute of Chongqing University of Medical Science between December 2007 and November 2008. MATERIALS:Amnion tissue derived from uterine-incision delivery women was provided by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the First Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing University of Medical Sciences;fibrinogen was provided by Sigma,USA. METHODS:Either epithelial cells or mesenchymal cells,being isolated from human amniotic membrane,were cultivated using enzyme digestion and repeated adherence methods. Fibrinogen was conglomerated,and epithelial cells of logarithmic growth were plated onto the surface of fibrin scaffold to simulate a three-dimensional culture in vitro. Before conglomerating fibrinogen,mesenchymal cells of logarithmic growth were mixed with fibrin solution to simulate a three-dimensional culture in vivo. In addition,either epithelial cells or mesenchymal cells were incubated onto 24-well plate for normal monolayer culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Cell morphology using inverted microscopy,proliferation of mesenchymal cells,and interaction between mesenchymal cells and scaffold under different culture environments. RESULTS:Epithelial cells were round and smooth on the surface of fibrin scaffold,pseudopodia were stretched out,and microvillus were rich. Mesenchymal cells in fibrin glue were fusiform in shape and stretched out along scaffold. Cells formed net structure at different surfaces. By three-dimensional culture,proliferation of mesenchymal cells was stable but slow compared to monolayer culture. By in vivo three-dimensional culture,fibrin glue gradually shrank and gel thickness gradually decreased. On the 5th day,the gel thickness was only 40% for the initial thickness,and on the 15th day,gel thickness was 10%. CONCLUSION:Both epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells can sterically grow on fibrin scaffold,and the proliferation is stable. Fibrin glue gradually shrinks in cell/fibrin composite scaffold,suggesting that amniotic cells/fibrin composite scaffold can simulate body tissues to repair preterm premature rupture of the membrane.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of linezolid in the treatment of pulmonary infection with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods 74 cases of pulmonary infection with MRSA were selected and randomly divided into control group and study group, 37 cases in each group.The control group received norvancomycin(1.0 g per time,twice daily) and the study group received linezolid (600 mg per time, twice daily) , with a consecutive treatment of 2 weeks.The inflammatory factors and related laboratory indicators were detected, the clinical efficacy, bacterial clearance rate and adverse reaction conditions were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, serum levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αdecreased(P<0.05), levels of serum PCT, ET, NO and Lac decreased(P<0.05), compared with the control group, serum levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αin the study group were lower(P<0.05), levels of serum PCT, ET, NO and Lac were lower(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in clinical efficacy rate between study group and control group (91.89% vs.81.08%), bacterial clearance rate of control group ( 70.27%) was lower than that the study group ( 89.19%) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Linezolid in the treatment of MRSA was effective with high safety, and it could reduce serum inflammation index.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Toutongning capsule combined with nimodipine in the treatment of 76 patients with primary vascular headache.Methods 76 patients with primary vascular headache were selected as the research subjects.According to the different surgery,the patients were randomly divided into control group (n =38) and observation group (n =38).The control group was given compound Danshen injection,while the observation group was given Toutongning capsule combined with nimodipine.The efficacy,the peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of each vessel,the time of stopping pain,recurrence rate and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.74％,which was higher than 84.21％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.785,P ＜ 0.05).The MCA,ACA,BA,VA value of Vs and PI,the time of stopping pain and recurrence rate in the observation group were better than those in the control group (t =5.385,6.834,7.407,6.651,4.032,5.716,6.203,5.016,4.785,x2 =5.473,all P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in PCA value of Vs and PI and adverse reaction(t =0.283,0.037,x2 =0.314,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Toutongning capsule combined with nimodipine in the treatment of primary vascular headache has high application value and significant effect,and it can promote cerebral circulation,blood flow,time of stopping pain and recurrence rate,so it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.