OBJECTIVE: To propose feasible strategies for the pharmaceutical development in the West of China METHODS:To analyse the pharmaceutical industry,pharmaceutical business,traditional Chinese medicine and current national pharmaceutical situation,and the existing problems in the West RESULTS & CONCLUSION:A series of strategies concerning the pharmaceutical development in the West are brought forth in order to promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry there ,including ideology strategy,sustainability strategy,innovation strategy,talent strategy,policy strategy,methodology strategy,management strategy,patent strategy,and brand strategy

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injection in the clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database and PubMed database,literatures about top 10 TCM injections in the list of report number stated in 2014 CFDA ADR monitoring report were researched in recent 30 years. By literature retrospective study,ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection were analyzed. Combining with post-marketing drug safety re-evaluation and rationality study,the security of clini-cal use of TCM injection was evaluated. RESULTS:A total of 2013 literatures were retrieved,1354 were. Most organs or systems were involved in ADR,especially cardiovascular system,respiratory system,skin and its appendants. Allergic reaction was main clinical manifestation,among which server ADR was allergic shock. Ten ADR/ADE-inducing TCM injections had the lower consis-tency with instructions in the original diseases,solvent,dosage concentration and compatibility application. Consistency rate of original diseases,solvent and dosage concentration was 78.30%,77.94% and 74.64%;81.73% of them were used individually. CON-CLUSIONS:ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection is serious. It is urgent to improve post-marketing revaluation scheme from the aspects of safety and rationality.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of Chiari osteotomy in the treatment of Legg-Calv?-Perthes disease for the patients of 8 years old or above and discuss the factors that influence the prognosis of this disease. Methods There were 116 hips of 103 patients of Perthes disease treated with Chiari osteotomy between June 1986 and December 2002. All patients were 8 years old or above. 72 hips of these cases acquired follow-up, the meaning follow-up duration was 97 months(range, 38-196 months). According to lateral pillar classification, 30 hips were classified as group B, 22 hips as B/C group, 20 hips as C group. There were 50 hips in male, 22 hips in female, 47 patients between 8 and 10 years old, 22 cases between 10 and 14 years old. X-ray showed 25 hips with subluxation of femoral head preoperatively. Results According to the revised Stulberg classification system: (1)31 hips had Stulberg classⅠ,Ⅱ outcome, in which B group accounted for 19 of 30 hips, the hips in group C had the worst results: of 20 hips, only 3 had a Stulberg class Ⅰ or Ⅱ outcome, the results for the hips in lateral B/C border group were intermediate between those groups B and C. 33 hips had Stulberg class Ⅲ, in which B group had 10 hips, B/C group had 11 hips, C group had 12 hips. 8 hips had Stulberg class Ⅳ or Ⅴ, B group had 1 hip, B/C group had 2 hips, C group had 5 hips. (2)All cases had a satisfied containment, no one had subluxation after Chiari osteotomy. (3)48% of male patients had a Stulberg class Ⅰor Ⅱ outcome, in contrast, only 23% of female had the comparable outcome. (4)55% of the group of 8 to 10 years old patients had a Stulberg class Ⅰ or Ⅱ outcome, in comparison with 17% from the group of 10 to 14 years old cases. Conclusion The patients older than 8 years at the onset of disease and in the lateral pillar B or C group should be treated with surgical containment, Chiari osteotomy can fulfill such task. The gender, the age of onset, especially the lateral pillar classification strongly correlate with the outcome of Perthes disease, and the latter can help us to evaluate the severity degree of the disease and the prognosis.

[Objective]To find out the new method to cure the intervertebral discs degeneration by way of the eletron microscope study of the degeneration of the cartilage endplate in the circumstances of the intervertebral destabilization. [Method]To choose forty-eight white macrotia rabbits of Japan,which weighed within the range of 2.5?0.2 kg,female and male was unrestricted.These rabbits were divided into 2 groups randomly,with 21 rabbits in the contrast troup,with 27 rabbits in the experimental group.First 27 rabbits of the experimental group were destabilizated by operated on L6、7.Inj Diazepam 0.25 mg/kg,Inj Ketamine 0.02 g/kg and Inj Atropine 0.125 mg/kg was one by one injected into the rabbit through the auris vein,shearing the rabbit hair of backside waist,fixing the rabbit on operation table in face lying,using 1% Povidone Ioding to degerm the operation area.Every rabbit was incised at the backside of its waist,that incisal opening is located in the center of the intervertebral space(L6、7 space) that both side iliac crest line correspond,from the meso-ordinate direction cut about 4 cm incision,cutting open skin and subcutaneous tissue,thoroughly,exposing the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the upper-inferior articular processes,entirely segregating the muscles that cohere the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the articluar process,then excising the supraspinal ligaments and interspinal ligaments,biting off two sides the inferior articular processes of L6,in order that resulting in intervertebral destabilization,using 0.9% Inj.Sodium Chloride to washout the incisal opening,in order sewing up each layer tissues.After operation rabbits can freely move in the cages.To draw the materials from all groups after two months,four months and six months orderly.Using transmission electron microscope to observe the structure the cartilage endplate,the author should judge the degenerative course and mechanism of the cartilage endplate synthetically.[Result]The intervertebral destabilization can cause the collagen fibers degenerates from the regular and compact structure to the disorder and loose structure.[Conclusion]The intervertebral destabilization can distinctly lead to the degeneration of the cartilage endplate.

Epidemic influenza (flu) is a disease threatening the life of people for a long history.A precise forecast for the flu outbreak can warn and help health care providers to take measures to reduce the influences and harms in advance.At present,with the development of information technology,there have accumulated tremendous data of flu trends and climate information.With a history of 90 years researches about the forecast of flu trends,researchers have put forward different types of forecasting methods,and each of them has merits and demerits.Among these methods,those ones considering the key climate factors have higher precisions.Considering various methods at present,the prediction accuracy can be improved mainly from two aspects:on one hand,the forecast accuracy can be improved by effectively integrate the advantages of different models ; On the other hand,the prediction must take into account of the specific climate of an area,pathogens and the mode of transmission characteristics in order to determine the most relevant climate factors or other highly related factors with which to design a more reasonable and accurate prediction method.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate distribution and resistance of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation by stages,and provide reference to select antibiotics in clinics.METHODS Forty five patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation were included from Jan 2004 to Sep 2007.Their course was divided into 3 stages: onset stage,middle stage and last stage,at every stage to identify pathogens and to test drug sensitivity and the sputa and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were sampled.RESULTS A total of 189 strains of pathogens were isolated,from them 110(58.2%)were Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae;and 59(31.2%)were Gram-positive cocci including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus;and 20(10.6%)were fungi,Candida albicans was the main fungus.At onset stage the most pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli;at middle stage the Gram-positive cocci increased distinctly;and the fungi were detected at middle and last stages.The mixed infection rate was high.The result of drug sensitive test showed that there were high rates of multidrug resistance in P.aeruginosa.The resistance rates of all isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem or meropenem were 0.The resistance rates of all Gram-positive cocci to linezolid or vancomycin were 0.CONCLUSIONS Distribution of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation is different at each stage.The most are multidrug resistant,and rationl use of antibacterial drug in clinics must be based on the distribution and drug-resistance of pathogens.

Aim To construct a screen assay of ?-secretase inhibitors.Methods A human ?-secretase cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR and then reconstructed in an expression vector.The recombinant ?-secretase fusion protein was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli.A screen assay of ?-secretase inhibitors was constructed in vitro using a recombinant A ?-fusion protein as substrate.The enzyme reaction was detected by SDS-PAGE and an ELISA method using metal chelating plates to catch the substrate.Results A human ?-secretaae cDNA was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli.The ?-secretase enzyme reaction can be detected by two kinds of method: SDS-PAGE and ELISA.The IC_(50) for an inhibitor statVal determined by this method was in good agreement with those reported in the literature.Seventy seven species of Chinese traditional medical plants were screened using this method and seventeen species show weak inhibitory activity.Conclusion A screen assay of ?-secretase inhibitors was successfully constructed and can be used to screen natural products.

Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic changes induced by local infiltration with different concentrations of adrenaline during endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia using impedance cardiography (ICG) .Methods Sixty-nine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients of both sexes (37 males, 32 females) aged 18-60 yrs undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive local infiltration of nasal mucous membrane with 4 ml of lidocaine containing 20 ?g (group Ⅰ) or 40?g (group Ⅱ) or no adrenaline (group Ⅲ-control) . Hemodynamic changes were monitored by ICG. MAR, HR, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and acceleration index (ACI) were recorded before (baseline) and at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75, 4.5, 5.25 and 6.0 min after local nasal adrenaline infiltration.Results MAP was significantly decreased while HR increased at 1.5 min after adrenaline infiltration as compared to the baseline values in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P

OBJECTIVE:To seek for the countermeasures to standardize the administration of medical consultation service in the retail pharmacy.METHODS:To analyse the existing problems of the consultation service in the retail pharmacy.RESULT_S&CONCLUSION:We suggest that the consultation service should be carried out by speciallyassigned persons,CIS should be introduced,computer network should be manipulated and a standardized administration system should be established.Only in this way can the quality of service be raised and the security of medication of the public be ensured.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in making marketing strategy.METHODS:According to the organization and operational model of Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises,their practicable marketing strategy was discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should make practicable and feasible marketing strategy to promote market competition ability basing on self-condition.