Objective:Using modified cuff technique discribed by Heron to establish mouse-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantic model.Methods:NIH mice and Wistar rats were served as donors and recipients respectively.Hearts from the donors were transplanted heterotopically into the recipients by cuff technique.The aorta of the donor heart was anastomosed end-to-end to the right common carotid artery of the recipient and the pulmonary artery was anastomosed end-to end to the right external jugular vein using tube of polythene.Results:30 times of transplantation were undertaken with the successful rate of 93.3%.The mean survival time of the xenografts was 2.13?0.8 days.Conclusion:These data suggest that this method with its simplicity,rapidity and reliability is a good model for studying xenotransplantation.

Medical aesthetics education is a part of quality education of medical student.Breast carcinoma conserved treatment is the concrete application of medical aesthetics education in clinic practice.The courses should be arranged according to the clinical practice to attain the goal of improving the quality of medical students in an all-round way we.

Objectiver　 To establish murine breast precancerous model and evaluate the effect of exogenous estrogen and tamoxifen.　 Method　 50 female Wistar rats were divided into contol group (n＝12), the other 38 received low dose carcinogen (DMBA) by gastrogavage, and then divided into DMBA group (common diet,n＝8); DMBA+DES group(DES added chow,n＝15); and DMBA+TAM group (TAM added chow,n＝15). 3 months later, the status of breast hyperplasia, AgNOR and DNA content were measured. 　Results　 All indexs in control group and DMBA+TAM group were normal.However,in DMBA group and DMBA+DES group,the breast hyperplasia rate was 75%, 93.3%, AgNOR was 3.71±0.76, 5.60±0.42, DNA was 88.59±7.17, 137.75±3.13 respectively.Compared with control group and DMBA+TAM group, the differences of indexes in DMBA and in DMBA+DES group were significant (P<0.01). 　Conclusion　 Low dosage DMBA administered by gastrogavage established breast precancerous model. Exogenous estrogen promotes the development of breast precancerous disease induced by DMBA, while TAM suppresses the canceration.

G protein-coupled receptor 30(GPR30) was a novel estrogen receptor identified as membrane associated receptor in the late 1990s.This new member of estrogen receptors was independent of the classic nuclear estrogen receptor ? and ? due to the low homology and signifi cant difference between them.It was reported that GPR30 localized endoplasmic reticulum predominantly,which was expressed in diverse cancer cells and a wide range of systems throughout the body.The rapid non-genetic response,partially at least,transcription regulation of estrogenic effects were mediated by the novel receptor via transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and modulation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and Ca2+.These pathways,possibly coordinate with ER?,were involved in various physiological,physiopathological and carcinogenesis process.Theoretically,GPR30 would be a novel therapeutic target in estrogen-related diseases such as breast carcinoma.

Objective To discuss the value of mammotome biopsy of breast cakified lesions under the real time guidance of mammography.Methods The data of 42 patients with 44 mammary gland calcification(2 patients with bilateral lesions)who underwent mammotome biopsy under the real time guidance of a mammography from Jan.2011 to Feb.2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospective analyzed.Rapid paraffin pathology was conducted.Results Among the 44 lesions,34 were benign(27 hyperplasia,2 fibroadenoma,1 lipoma,1 cyst,3 others)and 10 were breast cancer(a benign lesion diagnosed as breast cancer by postoperative biopsy was included).Among the 42 patients,32 patients had benign lesions,accounting for 76.2％ (32/42),10 patients had breast cancer,accounting for 23.8％ (10/42).All lesions were completely resected during the operation.Malignant lesions were given treatment such as modified radical mastectomy,breast conservation surgergery,chemotherapy and so on.A single lesion resection took about 20 minutes.During the follow-up of 3 months,no significant event happened.Conclusions Through the qualitative diagnosis of mammotome biopsy under the real time guidance of mammography,we can get early diagnosis of breast cancer.Early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the life quality and survival time.It is more important to detect early breast cancer which was considered benign lesions clinically.Mammotome biopsy under the real time guidance of mammography has several advantages including easy to operate,accurate positioning and less complications,making it the preferred approach in managing mammary gland calcification especially suspicious malignant calcification.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and management of pancreatic injury. Methods The clinical data of 23 patients suffering from pancreatic injury treated by surgery in recent 15 years were analyzed retrospectively. According to the pancreas organ injury scale of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, there were 8 cases in grade I, 8 in grade II, 5 in grade III, 1 in grade IV and 1 in grade V. Results Only 2 patients were diagnosed preoperatively out of the 19 patients.About 63.2%(12/19)of the cases had elevated levels of serum amylase. All the patients were cured.In this series,8 cases occurred external pancreatic fistula, 4 pseudocysts, 2 intra-abdominal infections and 1 hyperglycemia postoperatively. Internal pancreatic fistulas were found in all the non operation patients. Conclusions The serum amylase determinations is neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosis of pancreatic injury. Early diagnosis and correct operative pracedure are important to decrease the postoperative complications and improve the outcome.

Objective To study the clinical features of complicated upper urinary tract infection in children,aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods The clinical data of 68 cases with complicated upper urinary tract infection hospitalized at the Department of Urinary Surgery NO.1,Children's Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2013 and August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 68 cases,in which 44 were male,24 were female,and repeated infections were found in 15 cases.Fever was the most common clinical manifestation(48 cases,70.59％),while frequent urination and odynuria were rare(9 cases,13.24％).A total of 57 strains had been cultured form the submitted specimens which were obtained from the 68 cases,including 41 strains of gram-negative bacteria,15 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 1 strain of fungus.Two different strains were cultured in 3 children.Fourteen strains of Escherichia coli had 11 extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs)-positive strains.In the 11 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae,8 trains were ESBLs-positive.The drug resistant rates of gram-negative bacteria to Ampicillin and Cefuroxime sodium were both more than 90％.The sensitive rates to Piperacillin/Tazobactam was more than 90％.Thirty-one cases of complicated upper urinary tract infection were cured by administering Piperacillin/Tazobactam,while 15 cases were cured by changing Cefuroxime sodium to Piperacillin/Tazobactam according to the drug sensitivity results.Conclusions Clinical manifestations of complicated upper urinary tract infection are untypical,and fever is the most common symptom.Repeated infection is common.The gram-negative bacteria is the dominant pathogen causing the complicated upper urinary tract infection.ESBLs-positive bacteria accounts for high proportion.The drug resistance rate to penicillin and the first,second generation of the cephalosporin is high.The drug sensitive rate of piperacillin tazobactam is high,with good prognosis.

AIM: To investigate the optimal materials and culture system of human primordial germ cells (PGCs) in order to establish human embryonic germ (EG) cell lines. METHODS: Human embryos of different gestational age were collected to isolate human PGCs. The isolated human PGCs were cultured in different medium and on different feeder layers, then their growth, proliferation and differentiation in different culture systems were observed. RESTILTS: The formation rate of primary colonies was higher when human PGCs were obtained with enzyme-mechanical method from 8-and 9-weeks gestational age human embryos than that from 7-weeks. Human PGCs grew better and maintained undifferentiating when mouse embryonic fibroblast or STO cells served as feeder layers and in conditional medium with hLIF, hbFGF, hSCF. CONCLUSION: 8-and 9-week gestational age human embryo are optimal material for isolating human PGCs. Enzyme-mechanical method is simple and available to isolate human PGCs. Feeder layer and growth factors are necessary for human PGCs culture in vitro.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of EphB4 in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma.MethodsSP immunohistochemical technique was used to examine the expression of EphB4 in 65 cases of breast infiltrating ductal cancer and 12 matched adjacent tissue samples.ResultsThe level of EphB4 in breast infiltrating ductal cancer was significantly higher than that of adjacent normal tissues(P0.05).ConclusionEphB4 plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.

Objective To reproduce mouse to rat heart transplantation model and determine the expression and DNA binding activity of NF-?B P65 in xenograft heart.Methods Six NIH mice were used as heart donors and six Wistar rats as heart recipients.After the transplantation,the transplanted hearts without any drug intervention were prepared for experiment after cardiac arrest.The hearts from another six NIH mice served as normal controls.The expression of NF-?B P65 protein and NF-?B P65 DNA binding activity in xenograft heart were determined by Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).Results The expression level of NF-?B P65 and NF-?B P65 DNA binding activity in transplanted hearts were higher than control hearts(P