BACKGROUND:The nervous reconstruction and repair after spinal cord injury have become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the change rule of neurogliocyte reactive hyperplasia after spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and equivalently randomized into seven groups:normal control group (no intervention), sham operation group (lamina decompression) and operation groups (postoperative 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). After the establishment of spinal cord injury models, the rats were sacrificed at each corresponding time point. The functional recovery of the rat hind limbs was evaluated by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores, and complete spinal cord tissue was removed to undergo hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores showed that rats in the normal control and sham operation groups had normal neurologic function. Rats at 1 day after spinal cord injury paralyzed completely, the neurologic function of hind limbs began to recover gradual y at the 7th day, and the recovery became most obvious at the 14th day, which had no significant differences compared with the 21st and 28th days. (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining found that the diffuse hemorrhage and neuronal necrosis were observed in the injured area at 1 day after operation;inflammatory cel infiltration and some vacuoles appeared at the 7th day, and the hemorrhage was absorbed gradual y;the hemorrhage disappeared completely and capsule cavity formed at the 14th day;up to the 28th day, spinal cord structure was completely destroyed and that was replaced by cicatricial tissue accompanying with a large cavity. (3) Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the astrocyte in damaged area proliferated with the cel synapse increasing, which was most overt at the14th day;the axon clearance widened and the structure was in disorder at the 7th day, and the myelin sheath in the damaged area was destroyed at the 21st day. (4) Immunofluorescence staining showed that there were numerous visible glial fibril ary acidic protein+/nestin+cel s in the injured area at 14 days after operation. (5) These results suggest that glial cel hyperplasia and hypertrophy, the up-regulated expressions of glial fibril ary acidic protein and nest protein are advantageous to the early repair of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexamethason e by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. METHODS: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Gro up A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated gr oup, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bo ne windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given nor mal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. RESULTS: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75%plus minus0.56% and 79.45%plus minus0.52% respe ctively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 mug/Lplus minus0.71 mug/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 mug/Lplus minus2.08 mug /L and 3.15 mug/Lplus minus1.09 mug/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A an d Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant differe nce between Group A and Group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed that the brain moi sture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after tre atment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain inju ry with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and se rum MBP.

BACKGROUND:The production and release of a large amount of inflammatory factors caused by immune system inflammatory response mainly contributes to secondary spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on repair of injured neurological function and expression of inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in rats with acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-one healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equaly divided into sham operation, model and cel transplantation groups, with 27 rats per group. Rats in the latter two groups were subjected to hemisection of the spinal cord to establish acute spinal cord injury models. Rat models in the cel transplantation group received umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel injection (1×106)via the tail vein. Rat neurological function was evaluated using the BBB score at different time points after spinal cord injury. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in injured spinal cord tissue was detected using ELISA assay at different time points after spinal cord injury. Migration and neuronal differentiation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels in the injured spinal cord tissue were determined using immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham operation and model groups, rat neurological function was significantly recovered in the cel transplantation group (P < 0.05). Compared to the model group, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 level in the serum and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but interleukin 10 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the cel transplantation group. In the cel transplantation group, umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels could migrate to the injured region and express glial fibrilary acidic protein. These findings suggest that umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels promote rat neurological function recovery by regulating the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord tissue, which is likely to be one of mechanisms by which transplantation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels treats spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND:Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly(WJCs)display the characteristics of MSCs as defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy.They can be differentiated into bone,cartilage,adipose,muscle,and neural cells.They can also support the expansion of other stem cells,be weli-tolerated by the immune system,and have the ability to home to tumors.OBJECTIVE:To investigate biological changes of WJCs and brain tumor stem cells(BTSCs)co-cultured in vitro.METHODS:WJCs cultured by situ cultivation and BTSCs used enzyme digestion way respectively,and gathering the 3rd passage of WJCs though subculturing as well as BTSCs.Two kinds of cells co-cultured in 24-well plates in serum-free medium (SFM)without any growth factor.3 and 7 days after co-cultured respectively,CD133 expression of suspension cells in the 24-well plates were identified by flow cytometry,and immunofluorescence was performed for Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)expression of adherent cells.Co-culture supernatant(CCS)re-suspended 3~(rd) passage of BTSCs and cultured into 96-well plates at day 3,which were used to determine the difference in cell growth curve in both groups using a microplate reader.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the cocultivation days increasing,the phenomenon that tumor sphere cells began to be decomposed,adherent and differentiated observed by an inverted microscope.BTSCs in the co-cultured group expressed GFAP and Nestin when adherent and differentiated.The higher degree of malignant brain tumor tissue used in culturing BTSCs was,the higher expression of CD133 in BTSCs was.CD 133~+ in BTSCs declined when co-cultured with WJCs.Growth curve of brain tumor stem cells cultured in CCS compared with in SFM at day 3,which indicates that the proliferation of BTSCs inhibited obviously.Results indicated that CD 133~+ expression and proliferative capacity of BTSCs went down and BTSCs underwent differentiation during the co-culture in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effect,but there are seldom reports concerning the immunomodulatory effect of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord and its mechanims.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord on varient peripheral blood T lymphocytes.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolateded from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord by tissue culture.T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin and co-cultured with umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant respectively to measure A value following 72 hours of coculture using multifunctional microplate reader.Expression of cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)and interferon-y(IFN-γ)was evaluated by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells could inhibite the proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin.The proliferation inhibition rate was 56%(P＜0.01).Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant also had inhibitory effects on proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin,in a dose-dependent fashion.The proliferation inhibition rates were 8.3% and 27% respectively in the 50% Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant and 100% Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supematant groups(P＜0.05).Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly decreased γ-interferon secrted from T-lymphocytes(P＜0.05).The secretion of TGF-β1 was lower in the coculture of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and T lymphocytes group than Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells alone group(P＜0.05).These indicated that Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant have inhibitory effects on proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin.The mechanims may be associated with cell contant and inhibition of v-interferon secrted from T-lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the progress of shock therapy as well as the establishment and promoted application of arterial bypass grafting, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, extracorporeal circulation on cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, limb replantation, and organ transplantation, blood reperfusion in multiple organs after ischemia has been achieved. However, the organs which undergo a period of ischemia appear to have the performance of damage aggravation.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of MG53 protein in protecting five organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, thereby providing reference for further in-depth study.METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Duxiu Knowledge Search and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures puldished between 1986 and 2016. The key words were MG53, TRIM, Mitsugumin53, ischemic, reperfusion, preconditioning, postconditioning, RISK, membrane damage, Connexin43, KChIP2 in English and MG53, ischemia/reperfusion in Chinese. Finally 61 eligible articles were reviewed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a muscle-specific TRIM family protein, endogenous MG53 is involved in the repair of muscle cytomembrane damage, and the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Exogenous recombinant human MG 53 protein not only repairs membrane damage of various muscles and non-muscle cells, but also protects the myocardium, skeletal muscle, brain, lung and kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 660 patients with ACS admited to cardiovascular department,first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university were enrolled in this study from January 2009 to June 2010.The enrollment criteria were:the stenosis degree were above 75％ in at least one coronary artery by coronary angiography and successful PCI procedure.Exculsion criteria were:liver and renal insufficiency,malignancies and valvular heart diseases.The relevant clinical data and labtory examination were recorded after admission. The patients were followed up by outpatients interview or telephone from March to June 2011 and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded.The patients were divided into MS and non-MS groups,and basic clinical data were compared between two groups.The proportion difference between two groups were tested by chi square. Multivariate logistic regression was established to analyze the factors related to progonosis.The survival ratio was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Statistical significance was established at a P value of less than 0.05.Results ①A total of 606 (91.7％) patients successfully accepted follow-up.Mean follow-up time were ( 14.3 ±1.7 ) months.95 patients experienced adverse cardiovascular events ( 15.7％ ).②There were 393 patients (64.96％ ) satisfied the definition of metabolic syndrome.The patients in MS group were with higher BMI,SBP,DBP,blood glucose and disordered lipid (all P ＜ 0.05 ),with less fale patients (P =0.016),less current somking (P =0.008 ) and with higher platelet (P =0.037 ). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in two groups were 17.81％ and 11.79％ ( P ＞ 0.05 ). ③ Multivarite logistic regression revealed that the predictors of adverse cardiovascular events were age [ OR =2.628,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.395 ～ 4.954,P =0.003 ],New York Heart Association (NYHA) ≥ 3 grade ( OR =2.310,95％ CI 1.095 ～4.870,P =0.028) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ( OR =4.328,95％ CI 1.955 ～9.580,P ＜ 0.001 ).However,MS was not related with prognosis ( OR =1.170,95％ CI 0.583 ～ 2.345,P =0.659 ).④The cumulative survival rates of no adverse cardiovascular events in the two groups were no significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions MS is a risk factor with coronary heart disease.Howerer,it has no relationship with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS after PCI.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of goal-directed volume management based on cardiac output index (CI), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.Methods:Forty patients (ASA 2 to 3 grade) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in Lanzhou University Second Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method with 20 cases in each group: study group (goal-directed fluid therapy treatment with CI, ITBVI and EVLWI) and control group (conventional fluid therapy). The control group was given central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring rehydration, and the study group was given PiCCO hemodynamic monitoring indicators. The CVP, CI, ITBVI and EVLWI for fluid management were measured. Accurate assessment of volume status of patients was done. The study group received goal-directed fluid therapy based on CVP, CI, ITBVI and EVLWI, with the goal of CI in the 3.0 to 5.0 L/(min·m 2) range, ITBVI in the 800 to 1 000 ml/m 2 range and EVLWI in the 3.0 to 7.0 ml/kg range. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine volume, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), lactic acid and renal function were monitored. The ventilator withdrawal time, hospitalization in ICU, length of stay, incidence of acute pulmonary edema, incidence of acute renal failure, mortality of 30 d after surgery were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results:Tissue perfusion and urine volume of the study group was significantly improved compared with that of control group ( P<0.05). ScvO 2 of the study group was higher than that of the routine group ( P<0.05). The concentration of lactic acid of the study group was lower than that of the routine group ( P<0.05). The incidences of acute pulmonary edema, acute renal insufficiency and mortality of the study group were lower than those of the routine group (5.0% vs. 15.0%, 5.0% vs. 10.0% and 5.0% vs. 15.0%), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The length of stay and hospitalization in ICU were both lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Goal-directed fluid therapy based on CI, ITBVI and EVLWI can effectively optimize the cardiac preload of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, improve cardiac output, ensure microcirculation perfusion, maintain the balance of oxygen supply and demand, and reduce the incidence of complications and mortality.

Background:The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods:A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results:Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions:The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.

Objective:To analyze the clinical curative effect of protective sleep nursing on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods:Eight neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were admitted from April 2019 to August 2019 were enrolled. They were divided into control group (40 cases) and observation group (40 cases) by random digits table method. Both groups were given routine nursing. On basis of control group, observation group was given protective sleep nursing. The clinical effect, sleep time, discomfort reactions and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing, the sleep time, crying time and bilirubin level were (18.67 ± 1.45) h/d, (0.82 ± 0.12) h/d, (191.58 ± 12.74) μmol/L in the observation group, and (17.63 ± 1.33) h/d, (1.05 ± 0.15) h/d, (202.42 ± 13.08) μmol/L in the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups ( t values were 3.343, 7.573, 3.755, P<0.05). The duration and regression time of jaundice were (5.26±1.24), (8.70±2.12) d in the observation group, and (7.14±1.18), (12.95±2.31) d in the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups ( t values were 6.946, 8.573, P<0.05). The good rate of sleep quality, incidence rates of vomiting, skin damage and needle falling out, and nursing satisfaction rate were 90.00%(36/40), 7.50%(3/40), 5.00%(2/40), 10.00%(4/40), 100.00%(40/40) in the observation group, and 72.50% (29/40), 27.50%(11/40), 22.50%(9/40), 32.50%(13/40), 87.50%(35/40) in the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups ( χ2 values were 4.021-6.050, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of protective sleep nursing in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can effectively prolong their sleep time, improve their sleep quality, which is conducive to improving their symptoms, reducing discomfort reactions.And satisfaction of their family members is relatively higher.