Background: Physical therapists need to work not only in hospitals but also in the communities. So it has been said that community-based education should be essential for physical therapy education. In Gunma University, community-based education program was implemented from 2010 for physical therapy stu¬dents. Purpose. The purpose of this report is to introduce our challenging program and search for how this program af¬fected students, community staffs and elderly people. Methods: Third-year students collaborated to exercise classes for community dwelling elderly people with teach¬ers and community staffs (public health nurses and civic volunteers). Two classes were provided separately, so students were divided into two groups and each group was assigned to one class. After classes, reports were written by participants (60 persons), community staffs (9 persons) and students (24 persons). Reports consisted of five-grade evaluation of this program and students for elderly people and community staffs, evaluation using visual analogue scale (VAS) of this program and contact with elderly people for students, and impressions described in freely written sentences for all subjects. Results and Discussion: Results of elderly people’s five-grade evaluation were “5 (very good)”-50 persons, “4 (good)”-10 persons to this program and “5”-41 persons, “4”-19 persons to students. Results of community staffs’ five-grade evaluation were “5”-7 persons, “4”-2 persons to this program and “5”-6 persons, “4”-3 persons to stu¬dents. Results of students’ VAS evaluation were 86.5±13.3 (100 extremely good~0 minimum) to this program and 91.6±9.9 to contact with elderly people. It was expected there were good feelings elderly people, community staffs and students have. There was a possibil¬ity that an interchange between elderly people and students would bring different learning from on-campus classes to students and motivation to elderly people. Take-home message: It is thought that community-based education should be included in undergraduate pro¬grams for physical therapy students.

PURPOSE: Although various strategies have been reported, there are no defined criteria for cosmetic evaluation methods after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Since Asians tend to have smaller breasts, indistinct inframammary folds, and conspicuous scars, differences in the cosmetic results are expected. So we examined two subjective methods and one objective method to determine the differences, and elements necessary for a cosmetic evaluation after BCS. METHODS: Frontal photographs of 190 Japanese were evaluated using the Harris scale (Harris) and the evaluation method proposed by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society Sawai group (Sawai group) as the subjective methods, and the Breast Cancer Conservation Treatment cosmetic results (BCCT.core) as the objective method, respectively. In order to examine the necessary elements for developing a new ideal method, 100 out of 190 were selected and assessed separately by six raters using both the Harris and modified Sawai group methods in the observer assessment. The correlation between the two methods was examined using the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of the BCCT.core and the other two methods were clearly different. In the observer assessment, the consensuses of the six raters were evaluated as follows: 27, 27, 26, and 20 cases were evaluated as "excellent," "good," "fair," and "poor," respectively. For the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient, values higher than 0.7 indicated a strong correlation, as seen by the values of 0.909 for the breast shape and 0.345 for the scar. The breast shape accounted for the most significant part of the evaluation, and the scar had very little correlation. CONCLUSION: In this study, we recognized a clear difference between the subjective and objective evaluation methods, and identified the necessary elements for cosmetic evaluation. We would like to continue developing an ideal cosmetic evaluation that is similar to subjective one and is independent from raters.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cicatrix ; Consensus ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental*