For the determination/confirmation of the vector species of Japanese encephalitis in Korea and for the study of their bionomics, a preliminary assessment of different collecting methods of sampling mosquito population was undertaken. Man-biting catches, cow-biting catches, pig-baited window-trap hut, light trap, dry ice trap and man-baited double net were employed. The advnntages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. A pig-baited window-trap hut and cow-biting catches outdoors are considered the best ways of collecting large numbers of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus, the most important vector of Japanese encephalitis, for virus isolation and insecticide susceptility testing. The latter method requires, however, more man-power. Light traps set in a pigsty or cowshed are the simplest and most convenient tools for studying tne mosquito population density and seasonal prevalence.
parasitology-arthropoda ; Japanese encephalitis ; vector ; mosquito ; Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus

One of the most important prognostic factors in LCP disease is the extent of epiphyseal involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the technique of choice for early diagnosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Gadolinium-enhanced spin-echo MR images were obtained after nonenhanced Tl-weighted(spin-echo) and T2-weighted(gradient-echo) images. Four different areas were identified in the femoral epiphysis(necrosis, regenerative, cartilaginous and normal fatty bone tissue). The histological evolution of LCP is well described by Catterall and others. Comparing their description with our MRI finding, we suggest classification of LCP into three phases: (I) necrosis, (II) regeneration(IIa-early and IIb-late) and (III) reossification and sequale. T2 weighted image was useful in the early stage and Tl weighted image was useful in the later stage for evaluation of involved extent of the disease. With MRI, we think that we can find out the stage of LCP more early and rationally, pathological factors more easily and appropriate time for operation exactly. we believe that MRI is more adequate method to decide the stage of LCP disease.
Classification ; Early Diagnosis ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis

Over a period of recent 12 months, 41 patients who had localized pulmonary lesions, but were not diagnosedpathologically through bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, sputum examination and cervical lymph node biopsy,underwent percutaneous needle aspiration and biopsy with a diagnostic accuracy of 83% concerning malignancy vs.benignity and 78% considering the specific cell types as well. Six patients developed small asymptomaticpneumothorax and the other three develped small amount of hemoptysis; One of them required treatement. There were21 malignancies and 14 benign lesions. Three cases were misinterpreted and five were inconclusive on cytology,maybe due to inadequate material. No material was aspirated in one case due to hardness of the mass, which, later,confirmed chondroarcoma on surgery. The method, problems and complications are discussed. Nowadays, thepercutaneous needle aspiration and biopsy appears to be the procedure of choice in pulmonary coin lesionsespecially when they are smaller, more peripheral, and whenever meastatic neoplasm in suspected.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Hardness ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Methods ; Needles ; Numismatics ; Sputum

Objective: To understand the transmission patterns and risk factors of HIV-1 strain CRF01_AE subtypes in China, and to provide guidance for the implementation of precise intervention. Methods: A total of 2 094 CRF01_AE pol sequences were collected in 19 provinces in China between 1996 and 2014. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by PhyML 3.0 software to select the transmission clusters. Transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0, which was further used for exploring of the major risk factors. Results: Of the 2 094 sequences, 12.18% (255/2 094) were in clusters. A total of 82 transmission clusters were identified. The numbers of clusters and contained sequences in intra-provincial transmission (61, 173) were significantly more than those in inter-provincial transmission (21, 82). The ratio of transmission clustering in MSM increased over time from 2.41% (2/83) during 1996-2008 to 23.61% (72/305) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=27.800, df=1, P=0.000). The proportion of MSM with inter-provincial transmission clusters were higher than those with intra-provincial transmission clusters, which increased from 0.67% (2/297) during 1996-2008 to 6.36%(30/472) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=20.276, df=1, P=0.000). The transmission rate in homosexuals of the inter-transmission clusters (86.59%, 71/82) was higher than that of intra-provincial transmission clusters (56.65%, 98/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=22.792, P=0.000). The proportion of inter-provincial transmission clusters with more than 2 transmission routes (33.33%, 7/21) was higher than that of intra-provincial clusters (13.11%, 8/61), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=4.273, P=0.039). Results from the transmission network analysis indicated that the proportion of high risk population (degree≥4) with inter-provincial transmission clusters (51.22%, 42/82) was significantly higher than that with intra-provincial transmission clusters (26.59%, 46/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=14.932, P=0.000). Inter-provincial clusters were mainly detected in and and MSM. Conclusions: Complex transmission networks were found for HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains in the mainland of China. Inter-provincial transmission clusters increased rapidly, MSM played an important role in the wide spread of the strain. More researches in transmission networks are needed to guide the precision intervention.
China/epidemiology* ; HIV Infections/virology* ; HIV-1/isolation & purification* ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Male ; Phylogeny

Objective: To explore the effect of vaginal micro-environment alterations and HPV16 infection and their interaction in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: The participants of this study came from the cervical lesions study cohort in Shanxi province, including 623 women with normal cervical (NC), 303 patients with pathogenically diagnosed low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅠ) and 93 patients with pathogenically diagnosed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅡ/Ⅲ). The data of the demographic characteristics of the study subjects and factors related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were collected, and HPV16 infection were detected by using flow-through hybridization technology and H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase, clotting enzyme, neuraminidase and leucocyte esterase in vaginal secretions were detected by using the combined detection kit of aerobic vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. pH value and vaginal cleanliness were also detected at the same time. The database was established and analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22.0). Results: The HPV16 infection rate (trend χ(2)=55.45, P<0.001) and the abnormal rates of H(2)O(2) (trend χ(2)=26.19, P<0.001), pH (trend χ(2)=5.06, P=0.024), vaginal cleanliness (trend χ(2)=19.55, P<0.001), β-glucuronidase (trend χ(2)=17.52, P<0.001) and neuraminidase (trend χ(2)=14.90, P<0.001) increased gradually along with the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but the abnormal rates of clotting enzyme and leucocyte esterase showed no same trend. The results of GMDR model analysis showed that there was interaction between HPV16 infection and abnormalities of H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase, clotting enzyme and neuraminidase in CINⅠ group, and the interaction between HPV16 infection and the abnormalities of vaginal cleanliness, H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase in CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ group. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the vaginal micro-environment alterations and HPV16 infection could increase the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and they might have an important synergistic effect in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Female ; Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology*

Ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing benign prostatic tissue is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary containing prostatic tissue. A 23-year-old female patient came to our hospital complaining of irregular menstruation for 3 months. Her menarche had occurred when she was 13 years old. The patient showed no evidence of virilization nor of endocrinopathy. A goose-egg-sized mass was palpable in the left lower abdomen on physical examination. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic ovarian mass with internal echogenecity. Microscopic finding was consistent with that of usual mature cystic teratoma except for a 1.5 cm focus of prostatic and bladder tissues. Prostatic tissue demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for prostatic specific antigen (PSA), prostatic alkaline phosphatase (PAP) and cytokeratin 7. Basal cells of the prostate glands were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratin (34betaE12). Although ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing prostatic tissue has been reported as a rare occurrence, a careful examination with immunohistochemical staining may increase the detection of prostatic tissue in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins ; Menarche ; Menstruation ; Molecular Weight ; Ovary ; Physical Examination ; Prostate ; Teratoma* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Virilism ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Blood Donors* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: To identify the expression patterns and usefulness of various antibodies in making diagnoses and predicting prognoses, an immunohistochemical study was performed on thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). METHODS: Forty-two cases of TETs were reclassified according to the new World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. CD3, CD5, CD79a, CD99, pan-, high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins, EMA, vimentin, MIB-1 (Ki67) and p53 immunostaining were carried out. RESULTS: There were two, twelve, eight, two, thirteen and one case for type A, AB, B1, B2, B3 and C, respectively. Combined B1/B2 and B2/B3 were 2 cases each. Fourteen cases (33.3%) had myasthenia gravis. CD99 was immunoreactive mainly in cortically derived lymphocytes, while CD3 and CD5 were immunoreactive in medullary-derived lymphocytes. CD5 immunoreactivity was negative in all thymic epithelial cells, except for one case of type B3. MIB-1 indices were highly expressed in cortical lymphocytes and some thymic epithelial cells, but did not show any correlation with grades. p53 in thymic epithelial cells was expressed in 6 (46%) out of 13 cases of type B3 and one case of type C, and it was negative in all other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Only p53 was helpful for predicting high grades (B3 and C) (P<0.05). By MIB-1 indices, we could tell how many cortical immature lymphocytes were occupied in TETs, however, grading could not be achieved.
Antibodies ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Lymphocytes ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Prognosis ; Thymus Gland ; Vimentin ; World Health Organization* ; World Health*

Three hundred and fifty four(354) cases of acute toxic encephalophalopathy including 115 cases of Reye's syndrome were admitted to the six University Hospital in seoul, Korea. From Jan. 1, 1972 to Dec. 1978. Who were clinically analyzed and following results were obtained. 1) Acute toxic encephalopathy(T.E) and Reye's syndrome(R.S) are not rare disorders but increasing tendency. 2) The peak age incidence was between 10 months and 3 years of age with 78.2% in Reye's syndrome. 3) The sex incidence revealed male predominence sligtly with sex ratio 1.16:1(M:F) in Reye's syndrome and 1.3:1 in Toxicl encephalopathy. 4) The chief compaints on admission were CNS symptoms(lethargy, delirium seizure, coma), vomiting, fever and dyspnea. 5) Major prodromal symptoms were URI and diarrhea in most cases of Reye's syndrome(82%). 6)Biochemical laboratory findings were as follow: 92% of Reye's syndrome showed elevated (more than 125mg%) GPT level. 74% of Reye's syndrome showed elevated (more than 100mg%) ammonia level. Low blood sugar(F.B.S) level were noted in 92% of Reye's syndrome 7) The prognosis and outcome were depend upon stage of coma, level of blood ammonia(more than 300ug%) and F.B.S(less than 40mg%) in Reye's syndrome. Mortality or fatality rate during hospitalization was 67.8%, only 17% of the inpatients were cured. 8) The bacterial culture were positive in 3 case of Reye's syndrome and one case of salmomella cholerasuis and 2 cases of S.flexneri were identified on blood and stool colture respectively. 9) Treatment was supportive neasure with administration of hypertonic glucose and steroid, in some cases fresh blood transfusion was added.
Ammonia ; Blood Transfusion ; Coma ; Delirium ; Diarrhea ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Glucose ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes* ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Prognosis ; Reye Syndrome* ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Vomiting