Objective: To carry out a quantitative estimate that related to the effects of short-term exposure to PM(2.5) on all-cause mortality and emergency visits in China by using the systematic review and Meta-analysis. Methods: We selected all the studies published before March 2018 from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, PubMed and EMBASE and data on relative risk (RR), excess risk (ER) and their 95%CIs: appeared in these papers were extracted. According to the differences in the size or direction (heterogeneity) of the results, we computed summary estimates of the effect values using a random-effect or fixed effect model. We also conducted the subgroup analysis and Meta-analysis to have assessed the selected studies for the evidence of study bias. Results: A total of 33 original studies, indexed in databases, were identified. Among those studies, 39 sets of data on mortality and 4 sets of data on emergency were valid to show that within the daily concentration range from 47.7 to 176.7 μg/m(3), for 10 μg/m(3) increases in PM(2.5) concentrations, it would increase the daily numbers of deaths by 0.49% (95%CI: 0.39%-0.59%) and 0.30% (95%CI: 0.10%-0.51%) for all-cause deaths and all-cause emergency-room visits, respectively. For subgroup analysis, the combined effect of PM(2.5) in causing short-term all-cause deaths in the northern areas (ER=0.42%, 95%CI: 0.30%-0.54%) seemed lower than that in the southern areas (ER=0.63%, 95%CI: 0.44%-0.82%). The combined effect of PM(2.5) concentration below 75 μg/m(3) (ER=0.50%, 95%CI: 0.37%-0.62%) was higher than that of PM(2.5) concentration ≥75 μg/m(3) (ER=0.39%, 95%CI: 0.26%-0.52%). Conclusion: Within the concentration range from 47.7 to 176.7 μg/m(3), short-term exposure to current level of PM(2.5) might increase both the all-cause daily mortality and daily emergency visits in China.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data* ; China ; Databases, Factual ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data* ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Particulate Matter/toxicity* ; Time Factors

Objective: To explore the association between nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated genetic polymorphisms in B cells (NF-κB) and the HCV susceptibility, among the Chinese population. Methods: A total of 1 679 participants were enrolled; including 503 drug users and 1 176 other participants at risk under the exposure for blood. By using the logistic regression analysis, related risk factors for HCV infection among subjects were analyzed. Two NF-κB pathway variants, NF-κB1 rs72696119 and REL rs13031237 were then genotyped by TaqMan assay method. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility on HCV. Results: Among the drug users, women (OR=0.408, 95%CI: 0.308-0.767) appeared to be associated with the decreased risk for HCV infection, while factors as drug injection (OR=8.817, 95%CI: 5.577-13.937) and the duration of drug-intake >5.5 years (OR=2.891, 95%CI: 1.824-4.583) were associated with the increased risk for HCV infection. Among the participants who had been exposed to blood, women (OR=3.431, 95%CI: 2.360-4.988) were associated with the increased risk for HCV infection, while the levels of education beyond elementary school (OR=0.613, 95%CI: 0.429-0.876) were associated with the decreased risk for HCV infection. Compared to the reference NF-κB1 rs72696119 CC genotype, the carriage of GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of susceptibility on HCV (OR=1.412, 95%CI: 1.035-1.927) among the total study population. Results from the interaction analysis showed that there was no interactive effects appeared between rs72696119 and route of infection, or between rs72696119 and gender among the total population under study (all P>0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB1 polymorphism rs72696119 and related factors seemed associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection among high-risk Chinese populations.
Asian People/genetics* ; B-Lymphocytes ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hepatitis C/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins ; Co-Repressor Proteins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Molecular Chaperones

Objective: To understand the association between central obesity, assessed by waist circumference, and the risks for ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary event (MCE), and IHD death. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD, and diabetes at baseline survey, we included a total of 428 595 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank for the analysis. The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI. Results: During an average 9.1 years of follow-up (3 803 637 person-years), we documented 26 900 incident cases of IHD, 4 320 cases of MCE, and 2 787 of deaths from IHD. After adjustment for possible confounders and BMI, central obesity was found to be associated with increased risks for IHD, MCE, and IHD death. The adjusted HRs (for the participants who had waist circumference of 85.0-89.9 cm in men and 80.0-84.9 cm in women were 1.13 (95%CI: 1.09-1.17) for IHD, 1.15 (95%CI: 1.05-1.26) for MCE and 1.11 (95%CI: 0.98-1.24) for IHD death. The respective HRs for those central obese participants (men ≥90.0 cm, women ≥85.0 cm) were 1.29 (95%CI: 1.24-1.34), 1.30 (95%CI: 1.17-1.44) and 1.32 (95%CI: 1.16-1.51). Further stratification analysis according to BMI showed that the risks for incident IHD, MCE, and IHD death increased along with the increase of waist circumference even in the participants with normal weight. Conclusion: This large-scale prospective study revealed that central obesity was an independent risk factor for IHD in adults in China, and the risk of IHD would increase with the increase of waist circumference.
Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Heart Diseases/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To explore the associations between maternal and prenatal depressive symptoms and children's behavioral problems at 2 years old. Methods: In the present study, a total of 491 mother-child pairs were selected from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS) which was conducted in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Minhang District in Shanghai between April and December, 2012. Data from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression was gathered to assess the maternal depressive symptoms in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, as well as at 6 months and 12 months postpartum. Neurodevelopment at 2 years was assessed, using the Child Behavior Checklist. We used generalized linear models with a log-link function and a Binomial distribution to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) and 95%CIs, on children's behavioral problems at 2 years of age. Sensitivity analyses were performed among participants without postpartum depressive symptoms. Results: After adjustment on factors as maternal age, gestation week, average monthly income per person, parental education and children's gender etc., maternal depression in second trimester of pregnancy was found associated with higher risk of both developing emotional (RR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.36-4.99) and internalizing problems (RR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.22-3.08). However, maternal depression in third trimester was found to be associated with higher risks of developing emotional (RR=6.46, 95%CI: 3.09-13.53), withdrawn (RR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.16-5.02), aggressive (RR=2.93, 95%CI: 1.45-5.94), internalizing (RR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.01-3.16) or externalizing problems (RR=2.56, 95%CI:1.49-4.42). In sensitivity analysis, antenatal maternal depression was found positively associated with children's emotional, internalizing and externalizing problems and the differences all statistically significant. Conclusions: Maternal depression during pregnancy might increase the risks of children's behavioral problems. In order to decrease the incidence of children's behavioral problems and promoting both maternal and child health status, monitoring program regarding maternal mental health care should be strengthened.
Adult ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers/psychology* ; Pregnancy ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires